HUMB1000 Human Structure and Function

Compendiums 10 – 12 Sample Questions

1. What is redness associated with inflammation due to?

a. blockage of blood flow in capillaries due to bacteria

b. increased blood flow and vasodilation of blood vessels
c. movement of fluid out of permeable capillaries
d. stimulation of pain receptors
e. the release of intracellular fluid by damaged cells

2. Which one of the following statements about lymph nodes is correct?

a. large numbers of lymph nodes are found in brain

b. lymph nodes are distributed along blood vessels
c. lymph nodes break down old red blood cells
d. lymph nodes contain B-cells, T-cells and macrophages
e. lymph nodes filter blood

3. Hari complains to his mother about swollen lymph nodes. Which one of the following is
likely to be the cause of this?

a. build-up of toxic waste products in the blood

b. increased lipid absorption
c. increased blood supply to the lymph nodes
d. increased permeability of capillaries
e. migration of immune cells to the lymph nodes

4. Uma has a disease affecting her innate immune system. Which one of the following cell
types would be affected by this disease?

a. antibodies
b. B-cells
c. helper T-cells
d. T-cells
e. white blood cells

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5. Simone is getting ready to travel to South America. She visits her doctor who
recommends several vaccinations. What type of immunity is a vaccine considered to be?

a. active artificial immunity

b. active natural immunity
c. active passive immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
e. passive natural immunity

6. Which one of the following is least likely to be found in lymph?

a. enzymes
b. gases
c. ions
d. red blood cells
e. water

7. Mary experiences swollen lymph nodes in her body. Which part of her body is Mary
referring to?

a. around her ankles

b. on her forehead
c. on the palm of her hand
d. on top of her shoulders
e. under her arm pits

8. Henry is studying the karyotype of human somatic cells. How many chromosomes is
Henry expected to see?

a. 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

b. 23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
c. 46 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
d. 46 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
e. 48 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes

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9. In preparation for mitosis, what major cellular event occurs during interphase?

a. chromosomal alignment
b. cytokinesis
c. DNA replication
d. formation of a cleavage furrow
e. formation of spindle fibres

10. Gametes are created by a special kind of cell division, meiosis. What are the end
products of meiosis?

a. four non-identical daughter cells from one original cell

b. one identical daughter cell from two original cells
c. two identical daughter cells from one original cell
d. two non-identical daughter cells from one original cell
e. two non-identical daughter cells from two original cells

11. How many codons are produced from an mRNA molecule which has 6 nucleotides
(bases)?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 12

12. YuYu is observing a fibrous protein which is made of three polypeptide chains twisted
around each other providing strength and flexibility. What protein is YuYu observing?

a. collagen
b. elastin
c. haemoglobin
d. peptide hormone
e. platelet

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13. Jet is studying the secondary structure of proteins. Which one of the following best
describes what they see?

a. long chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

b. chains of amino acids joined together by hydrogen bonds creating a helical
structure
c. long chains of nucleotides joined by their sugar-phosphate backbone
d. long chains of ribose molecules joined by phosphate bonds
e. polypeptide chains that twist around each other

14. If a DNA template strand has the codon sequence: TTC TTC AAG GAT. What is the
codon sequence of the mRNA strand after transcription?

a. AAG AAG TTC CTA

b. AAG AAG UUC CUA
c. TTG TTG TTC CTA
d. UUC UUC AAG GAU
e. UUG UUG TTC CTA

15. Using the information below (mRNA codon / amino acid information), what is the
amino acid sequence for the mRNA sequence UUU AAA GGC AAA?
GUU, GUG = valine
UUU = phenylalanine
CUU, CUC = leucine
AUG = methionine
AAA = lysine
GGU, GGC = glycine

a. lysine, glycine, valine, leucine

b. lysine, methionine, glycine, phenylalanine
c. lysine, valine, glycine, leucine
d. phenylalanine, leucine, glycine, lysine
e. phenylalanine, lysine, glycine, lysine

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16. Which stages of mitosis is illustrated by the cell in the above figure?

a. anaphase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. prophase
e. telophase

17. A scientist was observing cells under the microscope and notices crossing over of
homologous chromosomes. What phase of cell division would the scientist most likely be
observing?

a. anaphase of meiosis 2
b. metaphase of meiosis 1
c. metaphase of meiosis 2
d. prophase of meiosis 1
e. telophase of meiosis 2

18. Bianca is about to walk into an exam and notices that her heart rate is accelerated.
Her friend also comments that her pupils are dilated. Which is the most likely primary
hormone that is responsible for the physiological changes that Bianca is experiencing?

a. glucagon
b. oxytocin
c. insulin
d. adrenaline
e. thyroid stimulating hormone

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19. Which one of the following best describes oxytocin?

a. it is released from the posterior pituitary and it is responsible for the

production of milk
b. it is released from the posterior pituitary and it stimulates contraction of the
smooth muscle in the uterus
c. it is responsible for the production of milk and its release is controlled by
negative feedback
d. it is synthesized by the anterior pituitary and its release is controlled by
negative feedback
e. it is synthesized by the anterior pituitary and its release is controlled by
positive feedback

20. A tracer study was conducted to understand communication (stimulation) between

the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus. Which one of the following best describes
the likely results?

a. the anterior pituitary controls the hypothalamus by releasing hormones

which modifies hypothalamus secretions
b. the anterior pituitary controls the hypothalamus through direct neural
stimulation
c. the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by releasing hormones
which modifies anterior pituitary secretions
d. the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary through direct mechanical
control
e. the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary through direct neural
stimulation

21. Alex has an endocrine disorder that affects the ability of their thyroid to produce
hormones. When their blood is tested, the levels of which hormone(s) would most likely
be abnormal?

a. adrenalin
b. aldosterone
c. growth hormone
d. T3/T4
e. thyroid stimulating hormone

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22. In comparison to the nervous system, changes/responses initiated by the endocrine
system are:
a. slower and more prolonged
b. quicker and less accurate
c. shorter in duration
d. faster and targeted to muscles and glands
e. less accurate and a quicker response speed

23. Alicia has recently been diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease), a
condition where the adrenal cortex is underactive. What are the mostly likely symptoms
Alicia will be experiencing?
a. increased cortisol levels leading to increased long bone growth
b. reduced cortisol levels leading to fatigue, stress and weight loss
c. low insulin levels leading to high blood sugar level
d. low thyroid hormone leading to poor heat regulation
e. high sex hormones leading to precocious puberty

24. Which one of the following descriptions is correct for autocrine chemical messengers?
a. can be regionally active
b. can affect distant organs
c. can affect distant and regionally distant organs with the correct receptors
d. act within a cell, or a close neighbouring cell
e. affects the anterior pituitary

25. What is the response of the effector in a positive feedback mechanism?

a. creates a cycle that returns to homeostasis
b. decreases the original stimulus
c. enhances the original stimulus
d. has no effect on the original stimulus
e. is usually damaging to the body
END OF SAMPLE PAPER