11:11 PM

And so I'm hoping that everyone. Is prepared to present so that we can discuss the question in
our last class. In your last class with me, we discussed the topic privity And you were made
aware that. I'm pretty tea essentially first to the relationship between parties in a contract and that
relationship in contract law, ensures that all the parties in that contractual relation.

Relationship can benefit from the contractual terms or sometimes suffer the burden. Imposed on
them by the contractual terms. We also learned in our last class that

All a common law and that statue. Um, the law has carved exceptions because we learned that
they are instances where parties may suffer harshness as a rigidity of that contractual rule. And so
while they arrangement of parties, been engaged in a contractor relationship and benefiting from
that contract is a good one, it is harsh. If the contract was formed solely for the benefit of a third
party and so at common law we discuss the fact that their instances where the common law has
maneuvered. All the legal arrangements, such as an assignment. Um, Got any sense, we have
assignment and agency where there is a principle. And we have an agent or an assigning acting
on the baby half of someone who has the power.

And those influences, a third party who may be involved in that contractor relationship. It was
not a party to the initial. Contract, has the legal power, to sue on, on the contract. We above so
learned that their insidences were a part into a contract. Um, Is suit on behalf of someone who is
not a party to the contract. In Toronto damages. Um, and that's quite similar to the east, you have
a collateral contract. We are so learned about the issue of

In Celsius where two parties may create a legal trust following. All the legal requirements to
establish that trust so that a third party to be sharing can benefit from the trust. We also noted that
in addition to the comment or exceptions to rule of privity, there are some statutory exceptions.
We noted that there are law, property, act, 1925 that obtained in England, and then as a
consequence of the reception of the law, most of the common world received something similar.
Um, we also learned about the mark persons property act, input instances, those victim
legislation provided for

A third party to benefit from legislative provisions even though our benefit from a contract, even
though they did not expressly provide for a third party because the legislation has created a legal
exception. So, that they may benefit, we also discussed the contract, right? Of third parties Act
1999. We noted that it's a UK act, but we also noted that we lecture, and provide guidance on it
because in more times than ever or a laws are influenced by the com um common law slash UK,
common, comment, belt law, that we can use. And so until the animes legislative amendments, it
remains an accent example for us to follow. And so it is in that context that we begin our
discussion today because we are going to be discussing one of the statutory exceptions to the
principle of privity and the tutorial question, I'll read it so that no group has to reread it. Um, this
past the evolution of third party rights in contract, law focusing on the impact of the contract, rise
of third parties, after 1999. Just in Australia, the application and interpretation of the Arts
provision And then you're also ask to consider the ask implication for traditional implications,
rather, the traditional principles of privity of contract, right? It was my expectation, but he will
provide submission for this. Since before has submitted.

There, there are response. I'll ask before to go first.

So as a Cornerstone of legal systems, railwide contract law has traditionally adhered to the
doctrine of privacy of contract, which prevents the enforcement of contractual rights and
obligations to parity, is not involved in the original agreement. However, the evolution of our
party writes in contract law has seen significant chips, particularly enacting the contracts rights
of third parties, Act in 1999, Yes, I say we'll explore the historical development of their 30 rights
in contract law. Focusing on the impact of the app, it will examine relevant cases to illustrate the
application and interpretation of the act's provisions and consider its implications for traditional
principles of primitive contract on the broader goals of fairness and efficiency and Commercial
relationships. Traditionally the doctrine of gravity of contracts, strictly limited the enforcement
of contractual rights and obligations to the priorities directly involved in the agreement. This
month, the third parties have no legal selling to enforce the contrast terms, even if it was attended
to benefit them or is our adversely affected by it. Atkinson 1861. Where the court upheld, the
principle that only priorities could sue for its reach. However, as commercial transactions
became more complex and interconnected, I need a rule is to recognize the rights of third parties
who were intended beneficiaries of contracts. Overtime, common lawn statues, begin to develop
exceptions to the adoption of privity, allowing third party enforcement in certain circumstances,
for example investment first week. 1968, the court allowed a Widow to enforce a contractual
promise made for her benefits. Despite not being a party's, the original agreement. This is on the
document of constructive trust. And the infamous case of Donald University Stevenson in 1932
where despite the claimant having no contractual relation with the ginger beer manufacture, as
she was a third party, a claiming torque could be successfully sustained. The third parties at 1999
represented, a significant departure from traditional principles by qualifying and expanding the
rights of third-parities and contract law. Section one of the app, introduced the two protests for
third currency enforcement where the contract expressly provides for third-parity action, or
where the contract reports to confirm benefit on the third party. This legislative intervention
aimed to promote fairness and efficiency in commercial relationships by directly allowing
antenna beneficiaries to enforce their rights under contracts. The exp provisions have been
subjected to interpretation application. Varies legal contents. In at night or maybe these one of
them. Bring some cool. Well in 2006 the court emphasized, the importance of specific and
express identification of third priority, beneficiaries and contracts for the actual applied. Thanks
requirement. Ensures Clarity uncertainty in determining the parties entitled to enforce contractual
rights. Fry them more. The ox impact can be seen in cases, such as Linden Gardens dress, limited
versus the list of sludge disposals limited 1994 where the court recognized the rights of the third
graphicitor to enforce the terms of a contract between two other parties. This decision examples,
the ax broad scope and extending 30 rights beyond traditional limitations imposed site relative
contracts. Additionally initiation, shipping cool. Limited versus Leaves and cool limited 2004. It
was very iterated that if a clause confers a benefit on a third party then it is presumed that the
priorities intended for the third party to be able to force this class. Since the commission Clause,
can create a benefit on cleaves and this situation and there was no exit of any contradicting
intention. Please was enough to enforce the plots. The contract, right? Exact 999 has performed
implications for the traditional doctrine of contract. While not our bochishing, the doctrine
entirely the accurates. A broad exception by a low interpreting for six specified circumstances.
This departure from strict verbal. Falls is modern approached. The contract law prioritizing,
theoretous and efficiency in commercial dealings. The optimalist contractual autonomy by
recognizing the rates of intended, betting Fisheries. It ensures that priorities can fulfill their
obligations to those. They intensive benefit and also allows the contractor to entire purpose. With
the broader goals of contract law, which I just acidificate Commerce and remote trust that
certainty in contractual relationships.

In conclusion to contract rays of 35, 1999 has expanded their 328 promoted, fearness and
efficiency in commercial relationships. Contract, I'm continues to share the landscape of
contract, law advancing the goals of contractual Justice and certainty.

That would be all. Thank you.

Thank you very much, strong. I'll make my comments at the end of

And two will be followed by group five.

Evolution of third-party rights and contract law.

Sorry.

The privity of contract doctrine and contract law. It takes that only parties involved in a contract.
Can enforce it starts, or begel the comic group for obligations. This principle ensures clarity and
efficiency in legal actions. By restricting them to be to the Contracting, part is positive
confidence in commercial agreements. However, it also the nice recourse, the third parties
directly affected by the contract, potentially leading to intercesses as they lack legal standing,
unless they were involved in a formation or had pre-existing contractual relationship. This is
establishes the evolution of third party rights how they came into effect, the impact of the
contract of 1999 on rights, its interpretation and application, and efficiency, and fairness of the
changes to the traditional contract, previous at common law. The principle that only parties to a
contract from Sue. Was challenged by Pierce's recognizing consideration, Beyond monetary
value like natural love and affection in Dutton versus certain people. However, Twitter for the
Atkinson reinforced traditional rule denying third-party enforcement rights, the doctrine was
firmly established and Duncan Pneumatic Tire Company, Limited be self-bridge on the scoring.
The contract, that contract writes and obligations do not extend extend the third parties

11:22 PM
Critic. Notably by Lord Denning and Lord skarmang highlighted. Its parseed Affairness,
suggested a potential for judicial. Curriculum consideration of the rule in future cases, legal
theories and statutory provisions were developed in enacted to avoid the severe consequences of
the doctrine of privity, these theories developed into exceptions. Namely the trustex concept, Is
Covenant and Innovation. Following the reform of the doctrine, the contract. Rights of third
parties after the 1999 was implemented. The contracts.

Up 999, allow start parties to enforce certain terms of a contracted benefit. Limb either explicitly
or through contract contractual interpretation. The law from number 242, privity of contract
benefits of third-party provides. Further details? Or a third party to enforce a contractual
provision. The contract must identified by name class of description, and the provision must
come for rights and benefits and death. Also, the benefit must have been intended as part of the
contract, not just incidental, the conferral of a benefit on a third party. Must be a purpose of the
contract. Not just incidental to it for an enforceable, right. Arise provision of the act has had a
significant impacted contract law providing parties with Assurance and confidence when
approaching third party writes, Rights of third parties Act, 1999 has challenged long-standing
privity principles, improved and forceibility, and efficacy of commercial agreements, and change
the landscape of contract law by giving third parties, a way to ensure your contractoral rights. It
was generally on the stood that parties could only enforce the terms of a contract. If they truly
possess rupity of contract which was before the 1999 Act was pass this implied, that only parties
directly involved could super breach of functional terms and benefits. Could only apply to a
specified parties following The following case can express supports position before the
enactment of the 1999 in pneumatic. Tire forces celebrate. You don't look so tires to do subject,
your retail price maintenance scheme jewelry, solid tires to self-bridge and Company and softly
impose your same retail price maintenance scheme, selfridge solar tires for a price less than a
scheme alone suit self return. The basis that do had contracted itself bridge as done of agent, the
House of Lord reject to this argument in the words of Lord haldin. Only a person who is a party
of contract and swallow. It Lord, how late also observed and consideration must be provided. If a
person is to be able to end Force a contract and scrutiny versus Midland silicons 1962, Lord
Denning descenting, Of an exemption from a liability Clause entered into between the career
who hired the doors to unload the vessel and the owner of goods. Generally, a stranger to a
contract, cannot take advantage of its provisions. Even when those Provisions benefit him,
subsequently after the enactment of, The 1999 app and orderstore exceptions. The courts were
able to mitigate the consequences of the doctrine. This was demonstrated in the case of Del
Barra. 2019, the court of appeal, considered an investors claim against the bunker damages for a
fail investment opportunity in a very Islands. Investors successfully claimed that they were
entitled benefit of a letter of intent between the developer and the bank under the act, the court
found that the Loi was a valid contract and both lengths of the 1999, Acura satisfied.
Emphasizing that whether a class is expressly identified in a contract, depends on the overall
interpretation of the contract depending on circumstances, lack of knowledge about the contracts
existence to the third. It was made or at any specific time doesn't impact a third parties right to
benefit from it as for the app. Therefore investors were entitled to compensation for bridge of
contract, regardless of whether they knew about the contract, when they made their investment,
Applications for mechanisms previously used, bypass the doctrine while trusts agencies, and
collateral contracts could still be used.

The actors now the primary exception to the traditional privy Doctrine for, conquering benefits
and third parties,

Just below exchange bills of exchange or employment contracts are not covered. However,
alternatives can be pursue very actress, not apply. Training up significance, the third part eventful
cases.
Sections include the trust concept. Also known of the trust of the benefit. You have a contract
where the rigors of become a lot of privilege can be by,

Sav Walford 1990. A broker was supposed to be paid. A three percent commission after he had
negotiated account for a loan of a ship to create owners of the set ship at the company requesting
to hiring. All first was not fair that sued the owners and joined Charter is in the action, the House
of Lord of Health disclaim on the grounds that even the Walford was not a party of the
agreement. He had effectively nominated the Church of Us a contract of his behalf and they were
lost trustees of the Shepherdonors from his To figure set commission.

Another exception is to be. I'm not an exception to be discussed is a concept of restrictive

covenants, which originates in land log indicates of law, debt to trust corporation versus Ural
hasped oil company.

Justice Hoffman held at this principal formative. No, more than a grander of negative in German
Shepher to restrain. The person acquiring the property from doing us, which would be
inconsistent with the performance of the contract, like his privilecessor and had never been used
a possible. A purchaser of positive duty to perform the Covenant of his predecessor. Novation is
another exception to the concept of privity of contract. It can be defined as it is rescission of
Contract and substitution of a new one where the same apps are being performed by the different
parties. Sense of a new party.

All party and existing party to allow for the transfer of Rights and liabilities. It can be completed
at the principle of contract.

Sorry, it can be concluded that the principle of contract activity or privilege defines who can
carry out and who is bound by an income tax terms. Contract law has evolved to include
provisions, that allow third parties, to enforce contractual rights with specific circumstances and
those rooted in traditional common law. Thank you.

And I'll take the super 5.

I'll take your presentation today.

Um, from size. Please skip the introduction and you can head straight to the body. I don't need to
hear the conclusion either.

Good afternoon. I'll be redo on behalf of five. Can you hear me?

Yes, I can. Thank you. Okay, the principles

Start, let's skip the introduction. The principles was refused. Hold on. Okay.

The doctrine of privilege is a legal Doctrine. Only Contracting parties to an agreement, have
enforceable rights and obligation. Thus they are the only beneficiaries or liable parties to
appreciate. In the case of Christ, the Eastern, the contract formed between price and the Builder.
For a money for money's food was caused.

For a suit against Eastern, a third party who promised to pay the money's old for the Builder. It
be completed software for him. Upon completing the work Eastern refused to feed for

Can you hear me? I'm Okay.

You spend a third-party Thomas old for the Builder. If you completed some work for him upon
completing the work for Eastern refused to pay the money's the price to which price for current
truck to reach these have the port was whether price was entitled to enforce, Promised to the
Builder, given that he did not have to contract with Easter. The courtroom, the based on the
doctrine.

They could not acquire a legally enforceable right under the contract since he was not in
Contracting party, this was part of the reiterated. In the case of Dunlop, the suffrage don't lock. A
manufacturer of tires made an agreement to due and fixed retail, price Juicide, an agreement to
self-reach to sell the tires below the fixed price.
Who went out and sued selfridge? The court Hill that Dunlap could not claim damages in this
situation. Since a scene in the aforementing case, the law of privilege, prohibited the importation
of the third party, making only the Contracting parties. To the contract liable for breach and
download could only do.

Do Uncle for damages and not selfish. The principle was however revealed in 1988 in the case of
Trident, general insurance, who versus magnes,

Brothers. Fees which brought a new perspective to the doctrine of private. This case said, the
foundation for the contract, the right to the required act in 1999. In this case, those Circle, the
owner of Alliance tool, crushing facility. Find the insurance company and signs and insurance
company and subsidiaries. Following the contract McNeese.

And brother is

Attention. Uh, the contract can someone from my group continue I cannot I cannot read. I
apologize mother but I am in traffic right now.

All right. So, is there anyone else in her food? Wish because I think she's here.

Following the contract McNeese Brothers. Party limited. The contractor of this plan. Stop in the
investigation under

Try it and for injury sustained by an operator on the job site. The issue attack was whether or
magnes Who is not an original party to the contract between tried it and blue had the right to seek
in verification under it. The court concluded that the provisions of the contract between Trident
and blue circle, plainly stated that the insurance policy would cover both the promisees.
Consideration and the motion of privy did not apply the power of insurance. Thus, magnes at the
right to secure benefits of the contract. His perspective was expressly implemented with statutory
laws to promote blood fairness and efficiency in commercial relations.
The traditional idea of privilege to be related at only the punches of contrad and forces terms.
However, this narview was approached from a circumstantial perspective in the aforementioned
case.

11:36 PM
These typically locked standings it and forest, contractual claims, it was left to the Judiciary to
interpret the situation. Which a fair outcome would ensue. This demand for reform left to the
creation of the contract, right? The third parties,

1999, which was intended to mitigate the rigidity of the doctrine of the privatees of contract.

In the act, emphasize the rights of third parties to enforce contractual terms. Clearly stating that it
is possible. If the contract expressly provides that he may on the terms forwards, the confer, a
benefit money in, which can be seen in the, after mentioned Keys. However, it fit appears that
the parties did not intend the term to be enforceable, by the third party, then there will be note.

It is further set out in the 1999 Arc. That the third party need not been existence nor aware of the
contract when it is injured into, but they must be expressed three identified in the contract by
name. As a member of a class or as answering a particular, the description, this allows the third
party and force a term of the contract that outlines

For such under the act.

The doctrine of privacy of contract is not abolish, but when we perform to give rise to the third
party, providing that the contract reports to convert benefits on him. It's legislation has had a
significant impact on the field of contract law, especially in the realm of compensation. Since it
prevents five days of the contract from taking advantage of the third party in scenarios

Please use negotiate the nine times Charter auditions behalf. The contract stated that Clays was
to receive a commission as a broker. Our relationship used to pay clear since the company was
involved was involved with one of its competitors. Which according to Mission were a
termination of the contract, the issue of the class could convert benefit from the part of the broker
and whether the park is intended for the class to be in Portugal by the broker, Rates on the third
party. The court rule that the charger part is for neutral and that they did not express any
intention, not allow the Brokers to claim a commission. Boss cleaves? Entitled to clean your
commission in its own, right? Section. One of the app. A lot of case that demonstrates all the Text
chart parking rights, can be seated in the case of chugly. Whereby investors attempted to enforce
a letter intend between a developer and a bank. Determined that the letter of intent fulfilled, boat
required into the 1989 act and was illegally in person for contract. 10 clearly designated to be
investors as a class of work and benefit them. The court of appeal held in favor of the claimus.

That's it. And there's a short conclusion.

All right. So, thank you. Miss Jeffers and Mr. Das Presentation.

I'm aware that someone could submitted to miss a while ago and I will not be able to take the
submissions, but I did indicate him is from, who got a Mark, all of the summations and you will
receive them with my comments. Next Wednesday. All right. So we have about 15 minutes and I
hope to use that time to make my comments on the, the top of the oral submissions that were
made. Let's start with number four from the onset. I think everyone made a very good attempt
and I am pleased that you all committed to responding to the tutorial question. I'm very happy
that you, you have that commitment, let's see with the legal issues, as well as the organization
structure, are your responses in terms of organization. Word to give you a grid. For most of you
you would have gotten. I'll be or a b, a b or a c. You lost a lot of marks because essentially, the
the question asked for an evolution, And while many of you haven't understanding that today and
Atkinson and Trident and download harder for cases the local, some of the cases that essentially
enhanced discussion relation to privity And evolution requires you to start from those cases. And
then chronologically go through the cases that you have selected, uh, you know, cohesive
manner. And so, in terms of your logical and cohesive progression, you fell down a lot in that
regard. So, that is the grammatical aspect. Um, and the, in terms of your, your logical
development and progression of your discussion, In terms of your legal issues on how you
organize that, I will discuss that separately. So let's start with group four. Now for group four, my
initial comments from hearing your oral submission is that you could have benefited a little more
in terms of your analysis of the cases. You were the only group who used one of the core, um,
The poor. Sorry, cases Linden Garden. Um, and you mentioned it but you didn't see specifically
hold it out. 1999 would have essentially assisted it. And so, You know, your presentation kind of
benefit benefited more from your interpretation of the ax provisions. And then you merge it. With
the outcome.
You did mention our mighties and Coldwell but you did not provide a foreign analysis of how
the case demonstrates, the acts impact you had a section separate for the section was intended to
be merged. Um, in your analysis, you're analysis is a composite issue, it's not a separate
segmented area. Um and then of course, here are conclusion, which um, we heard could be
strength and more by summarizing the main legal points, because the question not only asks for
an evolution, but it asks for you to provide some guidance on the significance of the
implementation of the act. Um so that is my initial comment when I Mark I'll have more um,
More comments to make but those are some initial comments. Now for group two,

You omitted to have an indepth analysis, um, of the broader implications of the act, Um, we're
four made a very good attempt of trying to have a comprehensive analysis, but they fell down
because they they did not use a lot of Um, the third party cases.

Um, needed to work a little more on using your cases and then analyzing set cases. Um,

Um, I think you made a very good attempt, but like two, you did not mention Quite a few of their
relevant cases and you lacked. Depth in your analysis of the broader implications of the act.
What do I mean by that? How does this particular case? Um how could this particular case have
been assisted by the implementation of the earth? And so I will not just give you problem
overviews, as you are presenting, I was kind of job alone. Walks um examples I could use to
offer you a little more guidance. Let's go with the best we can best we kids which we're familiar
with. So you we're all aware of the facts of that case. Uh, we're aware that when the nephew um
died. We will try to enforce it against his aunt and uncle. And you know they gave them quite a
hard time. Not only the act when I say you need. More analysis or more depth in your analysis.
Something like this is what I mean. Now under the act the nephew and his widow could have
potentially avoid the need for the uncle's exceed to be involved in the enforcement of the
agreement. Yet the contract had expressly provided for the Widow's benefit or if a turn of the
agreement had been intended to benefit her. She could have potentially enforce, the agreement
directly against the uncle in his lifetime or one might consider the implications of an outcome of
the case of Charlie. Where is the court? Where the court provided that and they are certain
instances where the contract could be read and construed as a whole, if it is further, the true
intention is of the parties where to benefit a third party. And so when I say construed, act provide
clear depth and Analysis, That you're really cases, you haven't understanding of the cases, you
read the provision section 11a and E2 and three of the act and then identify all the zacks, solved
issues that occurred in the past, right? And that is part of the evolutionary process, because
towards the end of your discussion, you sort of wind down in your discussion or your conclusion
to show how the acts solve this issues. No,
That was a very good kiss to include. Um, Darlington and Wilshire is another very good case to
include in a discussion on this, of course, report didn't do in gardeners, but they needed to work a
little more on the argument and the development of the case, as well as the application. Um, to
the question asked, Um, I will Mark the papers. I will include my comments.

You don't have any questions.

Lost. I think they put stuff started. I've read made it very fervent attempt. I will do more reading
on your summations over the weekend. I don't think I heard from the books 3 and group 6 and
I've not seen a submission from group one, so I'm hoping that group one can please provide
Artemis Ram towards the end of of the class or you know,

Us. Before tomorrow. Over the weekend, and Give you so you can have some ideas.

Structured and what my expectations are. I think you made a very fair attempt. Meaning of
discouraged.

All right, so do you have any questions Miss Abel? I believe.

That's nice. Good afternoon, our presentation will send to actually but I think it's um, for the junk
man. So I believe she will send it to you. This is group one.

Oh okay. Thank you so much for that. Curvy.

All right, so like I said, overall very good attempt. I, I'm genuinely impressed. This is the thing is
a third teaching. This course.

First time, I received all the submissions from from a class. I'm very pleased about that. And then
leave you in the capable handsome Mrso and you will receive my responses next Wednesday,
when I meet you for my lecture, have a great rest of the afternoon. Thank you.
Yes.

How we will be going into? Of consideration.

Five.

Yeah, thank you.

Almost should finish your dog and

On performing the phosphate.

And then, when we come to the tutorials, What I what I feel.

Other than really, I will show you.

How we about?

And eggplant. Our person to push and set it.

So today we're going to go consideration.

For contract.

An offer.
And one notice they want to be continuation.

11:51 PM
You might have an agreement, but

In the family, when it consequences. The importance for autopilters.

Or contract with YouTube for children and put it stand on the title or actual proposal. Now, this
area of consideration is

A lot of people online, but there's some Concepts with your participate. Because there is no.

You explanation. So we're going to start off by saying,

A while, offer and acceptance.

There's no benefits moving from one part water or no, from one part to water, then the function is
four because it will be seen as unprotures. For.

Consideration. There is no end portable contract from what is consideration.

While there is a Oh, point presentation. Photocost. Now, what is consideration? The definition
for consideration is found in the case of

And that's

Social views a volume consideration in extent of the law, they consists either of some rice coffee
according to one party, usually the fundra or software centiment, your population suffer, or on
the other part to the this area that considering now in my mind, as a part in on the skin. And look
at it definition and

Confederation by itself.

I'm going to encourage you to read the skin because concept for confirmation that you can use
market for the definition. But for other parts,

Consideration in the center. In the center of the law.

That interesting.

So, available configuration for the one part, for example, that can also finances. So it may be
convocation. That is a normally acting. In bumping into money.

Or it might be absorbing.

He will find a dog or you.

For some charge or something, it might be at first thing or something. What is one part is giving
up again and what is consideration? The thing that you are giving off every not giving up
anything Because when we look at some class, we can find, oh, and we will not write

Father, goes from Um, hearing all the properties, follow up and some, well, lagging and the
father couldn't fucking or something, okay? This probably I was talking about this. And so he's
gonna have a father and from stock market before it puts us, Um, into effect.

As long as everything that you have to be home in the that would value.
Come on clothing, art of food and Central. What are you?

Them surrounding the keys that would help the course in the family when it comes to come to
the ratios long. And look at the leader from, what are you leaving giving up? What are you
needing? And that is For a benefit for one party. There must be a very one partner attentional
office. So if ice cream for life, it means an angling up for million dollars and you are giving me.
So I'm giving up my formula dollars.

You're going to get doctors off.

It can also go the other way as you will see later and you are getting back with all many kids and
I am getting old. Exchange. So consideration is a necessary ingredients in ingredients
informational.

Or if you do a video here, From an exchange.

And you have,

Or you can.

Um, this is the accessible.

Optional.

And have never seen it with anything else for property. And when the downpourses,

Hide those. Those two ideas.

To sell. No, not a letter. Okay.

The consideration again. Now, I want to live something here, is going to be.

Fundamental. I give you. Okay? You give me something.

Or Adventures.

Right. So that is essentially what condition now. Why is this? That what's the rationale behind
making continuation of part of anything? The elements of the album, Portugal subtract.

But we've been watching. Right. So what is?

Contact log consideration.

Are all consuming they made on the woman, they really emotionally. So that the requirement of
conservation protects the from a song that the oh I don't get million dollars to become life there
in a second program. And for personal software about all these children are believed diaries of of
many songs surgery. Can we always money installed? And this person is

Um, in Earth.

It is, um,

In that case, it's

I can be here that I have always calling after they would come

Um, And then, if you're lying,

Of units. That is one amount. So, he was such

On the online they are non-phones like that because they don't have any taxes like that, right? So
you can stand up

And then, the government use.

Um, many things with employee and wash them people, because See, I'm not. And with nothing.
They are getting nothing. Help you think? And leave that it for.

Let's play this from the equals. Tell me.

Consideration.

I'm telling where to find very strong. So you go to get plan more and, you know, in your side
effects, or you go to the shop. If you have never bought a plan, And it's selling breakfast. And,

This two hundred dollars. So you put any arrows, too much of others.

Dollars and then it left out about love water at the bottom of the paper and we see it about

And what is the policy?

Yes, Miss Yes, Mr. Sell the 200 that you put in any machine.

Next time we're going to be with my colleague. Let's see. 200.

That, that was fine. Tell me from work. So if we look at this,

In this case,

To give you a block of walking. In. Say okay, I will need to know this to this bottle of War. So I
gave this one, two dollars is my consideration, and then you gave me a blocking of water which
is

In another week. Nearby mouth. Giving off.

Together.

All right, so

The rule is.

So in our standings, we look for specimens going to the resonate area space in level machines is
giving up a lot of water. For the detriment machine losing. One bottle.

Beginning a month before.

So a detriment a benefit. Or some detriment, but I'm saying, we have to go along, you see that
this can work the opportunity, where the process is getting on the

Exactly a monthly something and somewhere.

I promise to give you a Baltimore. You will move everybody. Or the other hand.
And the bedroom will remove the thing to know in the consideration and funky that those parties
give us extend. For you have a lot of dealing on the law.

Hello.

So that's correct. So what I'm saying my way is

The principle is that a normally supportive?

You will see that.

Yeah, considerations. I got benefited from also means are benefited to the processor in the same
scenario. United States. What you have to remember, is that one, 500 again, one part of our sense
you alone gaining or do alone. Um, confident that will be no consideration. Miss. So it actually
mows from the promise see but not the promiser.

So, let's continue. So there are two types of so far. Configuration is valuable consideration. The
ideal law during some confidence benefits to one and it's not for the people like 100. We have
also noted that in part of something, it stands on the property and the 24 is that must be a benefit
to the serving.

And,

And we also said, in the Russia being made of any man or an important,

From being probably. And it's quite config. For example, particles. Good on appetizing and also
reward from a dog. Control. So usually you will natural contract like your body. All right. Those
things are explicit culture. It's too fully contract mode against the future or uncountable. I will
tell you you give me five dollars.
I will, um, you will probably delivered to me and Report in. Able to bring it to me and when you
bring it to be, then I will see. So that is something in the future or thought we went to scale and
purchases, don't get the property right away, you don't agreement, and then contest, and then in
the contract, secures, or from classes, or their size, you can continue. Off and we get to the shop,
okay? Finish with that, right? So in that scenario,

That is one.

So, I will give you

Or. Passenger.

And he agrees, the privacy kids.

So, what happens?

That they're going to be part of your advantage and the millions and the millionaire of the, um,

As a million. After you and they represent us a horror that he will have political travels from
herself and becoming For life.

So, she wasn't. Will give. Fearing the

Problem for life is going to be the IEP code. Winner. Um, you know

There was no conservation what their consideration.

And it's a million.

And she agree. It is.

Give me the word, valid completed.

From.

Right vww.

She just received. Republican.

Okay, anybody else?

Of the, before the same price, right? And she did the service from staying. He was measure that
she was married. I'm using. Um, there was no consideration box.

And if you don't want,

All right, and thumbnail.

I would most likely become offer a gift. Because she didn't do anything to deserve it. Because
you're one million plus. It doesn't mean you're entitled to a promotion and if I give you some, if I
give you a gift, Then, you know, but it's not contract.

Um, Do the promotion like seeing it.

Basically, it's

Mention like this, that was used to provide. This promotion and he's given up her time.
In exchange. For the benches. I think that we get, In which consideration?

Yes, I don't think it was closer even though. Um, she gave up She did. It was not an investment
of anyone because they did not honor the contract so they didn't lose

They actually benefited.

Okay, well, so I don't think

Um, The risk consideration but not valuable consideration.

Correct.

All right. Well,

Um, this is a real case called

It. For coffee and ring of ear. And Mr. Daniel is quite friends.

That being the fourth house has to be.

Every.

Um, that was a different job and dispensive which is not and the fourth font that that could
valuable population. Because the first time and they are

And,
This is one of the big.

Challenging.

This is why it's the best of the cases. Sometimes you will not get for me of how the poor be
weird and it to cases and they appearance. Um, one kid, and the other white community I saw in
this scenario on the foreign,

Um, Leo.

Lala.

The white would fly.

And holding that you will be safe from the commentary.

12:24 AM
Mr. Wide side.

And execiate with the blue.

Based on the function in order.

Let me read that again.

Mr. White Well, today, and I would say at the way is following
All this white values and difficult.

Oh crap. Yeah. Next, I don't think it was in conservation. There's

But you just lose weight of anything else.

Because you are the beginning of the class against something. Which, Nothing. Uh, written or
anything that is

So there was no conservation. Anybody else?

Are not the legend and the found complaining.

So yes, right. The quarterback is response. Find me, right? Because they have to

And so, it could not release you from a chain. It is people that you from the power, right? That's,
that's the case of white and blue, right? That's the case of white into the eyeballs.

Use them in your head.

Remember he natural facility of all night. So when you Upstairs. Read that case and I'm very
sorry. That is very Depending on the moon, they might just people

So, if your electric gives you

For the ink.

Tutorial. And I'm not going to use that. You didn't want analysis. They think that you have to take
no wrong and you can be the true music 12. When you see how it's math tutorial Center, you
look the cases, although we have an automatical cases These competition.

Right. So now

So far, let's recover. I like to stop solicon, know how it tastes it. So so far, you know we have
said, what consideration in It from right from the center to one particle to the other parties. We
also notes at the right now behind valuable contribution. The guy again like

Song that wanted to pray on his father. Um,

You happy? Um, Right. So It's

Um, and breathing or promise that we

Belong here. I give you something.

Um, is when you were buying yourself.

So, when you say that leader, the leader will not change because not

And this is,

Lots of Example questions. Right. From here going down. So the rules of consideration that one
will one continuation must not be passed.

Consideration or not.
Number consideration, must be given an income or a form or modified, therefore something
already done for something only or product for example, right? So you give you something I
have to do something and have to put something On something, which is one. So,

For a promise. Then you say, oh, because I will give you this thing.

I didn't really know on.

But then one minute. I am. I am your father model.

As.

I mean, in that we don't need

So in the second scenario, you will be the most commonly than file that I will say, if I don't want
to be my house, what you won't happen is that I clean out? Allow you are saying that, um,
Beauty, right? So in that scenario, the conservation is fast. In the sense that I already did. I've
already did something to you.

I never agreed. We never had an agreement on the top about walking.

Your local and former. And in work, color and hormones, from delivering, That the heart would
look like.

From breach of warranty.

And the four pill.

The warranty also happen, the one keep watching, what was
Okay, and the quarter of that one should have been given at the time of the same time. Even after
you bring your heart from already have a room or women, you know, and then now you want to
swim in because you found out that your heart. But that wasn't a part of our authentic
ingredients. That was our banter after and I am, I am explained like this. So I said upon itself. So
when you read your legal,

Um, PowerPoint and the workers.

You will see it in our yellow light and crying it in this place. So of course, you all to have at the
time of the field. It is made after it is importantly and the law upon you. So when it comes to kill
and good to reliever, I want you to ignore them. Um, on countries have a look forward and in the
family weather or warranty is implying across the world, whatever you're buying is. Right. So
the point not one was made after the sphere of not understanding. So if there's not have any
young contribution, no value.

And then, you'll also the You read that one.

I'm the father day, the whole

And M, that's our old box. And these are the four people who can be encyclopsy and responding
things.

Ex,

A document needs the same thing ready? For four things to pay or we pay them. We rather say
no, we're going to help. The agreement was that he was a can. From Paradise and we paid from
the NC State, right? So they will give you now when the father died. And the executive. Now the
core parent who the wording of executive document to justice that there will pay her for the
world and that is going to be

Of the kids.
Something already done. She has already written with also learning to it often. There is an
arrangement at that time. It came home for me and Vision so it was the consideration of no
problem. So the thing has already been done and now we want the offer something form. So
those people off and the documentary school. So consideration must not be found. Of course, in
your inspectable are always the general for the food. There are all means that we know more than
anything must always try to find, what are our exceptions and when it comes to ask, when it
comes to fasten to the region, ask them to reaching real effective in two circumstances like two
circumstances. One And if something is done on this evening, this one where it is done
responsible for the understanding of statement will be, there is more longer like the or not done
in cases where we are. We have, um,

We have service or good, you know combossible. So if I decided I will come run here business
for four years because we need help. It open up some some extremely strong. For them. So I call
and I substitute yourself Um, and we didn't have any agreements or anything, but it was on the
store that you will save. So you are your casing again. In your

You have a holy, you have really a parlor. You have your pasta exception.

And then you have only understanding of a table, but both of these is, are mentioned in all rooms
to fall on versus long.

So it is also in your in your life. This was it. It has both of these exceptions and it also makes.

Both of these people. Right? So the exception to make you detector, Two, we found the
understanding he said that an acceptance.

11 and 8 to our bill of exchange up.

Section three.

But student is not giving me anything in that part, but now you're going to do it.
So, don't traditionally

And we will check a bit of exchange up because that should also provide an exception of we
don't really focus on the to be delivered for your actual extra education. We focus on the decades.
Now, the second rule it will consideration must move from the By the front.

By the person who is going to use team. You will see that.

And I know you this is.

Examples. Only a person who has provided from generation for a problem and support.com. No
one. That's only a person was provide a consideration for fun. Of course, their problems go and

Yeah, so if x y

Promising X and Y that he was careful. A million dollars is why build a shelves? Want you on?
Why build the shelves must be able to share? Provideos of two. Could have fun so and
agreement should live X Y and C.

All of them, sign your But let's look at the comments. That this promises.

That people. So this thing is be consideration. Sponsor between these and the fire the same
process. And I'm like that. You will see. A million dollars to be promises why that he will pay a
million dollars for why? It widen the chance.

So the benefits go to be for these in the providing any consideration.

So let's go up against X, Y, and Z sine.

Is that? If I feel like who are going anything and who are going to be suffering as detriment, Is
the problem.

Uh, why is it, right? C is the person who will be benefiting from the agreement or don't give me
past the engine, um, even receiving a benefit of using anything against me, right? So,

Why isn't here?

Is why building change?

Now, why bill is there?

And also, Off anything all you do you receiving or anything? Who is being built on? No
consideration. Anything in inside there and in this, right? So just know that from him to act.
Nothing passed from getting nothing. So No consideration fast for me and considerations move
from the most. If you are going to be receiving, you have to give it affected as well as in years.
So,

Although it is made from expenses so consideration.

Hi.

And this is why initially the conceptually that if you look at the scenario, Of it can work work
with. But the rulers traditional rule is if we are using And this is one of the things that follow
your hands. You're thinking is

In your Caliente, y, buenas mentioned.com is something else. Just remember and put on
Right? So you will a lot of people not to and you will look as noise and things are in your life. So
of course, as a, you will always muscles in yourself and

Provided accessual and I give you.

Right.

For any questions, you know, can you Consideration contingency.

Remember when we were doing Lala?

The case of lightener it is the caregway response, find the processor, you know,

Study annoying. His father is complaining. And the poor childhood the word of the fourth book.
That the sun comes will not speaking.

So consideration.

What does that mean? You want to drop off? So, when you

At Korea and Mr. Again This is what is men also by its mom following however,

On to the region.

Is not required. That is, the course, would love to see some measure. Okay, I am giving you a
banana. And you'll give me a speech but a banana is worse. Ten dollars will be one dollar. So We
can have confirmations for them. Not look of that to form is not measuring the power of water.
Being, the poor is is measuring. What is you that you are there or not? You have there, it will cut
it from a broad model from down here between our emblem or something. It's a value to you.
And if the body to the other personal value. So when you give it, work of your skiers something,
have you ever been strong? So before it's not looking up, you're taking one dollar and throw the
conservation in lots of that is marketing, right? So, it does not happening. Then you want the
medical computer comparison values. I could take full and of course, on the fourth is not looking
to buy. So,

12:58 AM
Not looking at locking it because

Body of a function.

What will be downloading? And this gives you not many value of what you think. So in our
windows, If you did one dollar and tap, the house is here for a promise that you will developers
using your home. So before I started out of fishing,

Um, it is to mention.

So lastly not a chocolate cake.

Involving and reference of a song called rocking shoes. No, customers will get a copy. Of that
rocking shoes.

One dollar and six percent and three monthly rougher from from the Bible's box. So what they
have to do is telling one dollar and fifty percent and three operas and they will get special record
shoes. So the copyright from the record

Giving away.

Establish what?
Talking about, including

Were left, including

In five and one to our birthday is your value.

In front of the Together form to show. So it will not be sufficient.

It will not be sufficient if it is juicy that you have. So if you are going to officer you support to be
on control there, Right, and you decided that

Here in this case.

They were doing their job.

And then, the mask offer the Come on, if they want. Um,

Something explanation that we offer. And he didn't feel it. And we're talking towards 10. World
that individual. And the fourth house that comes the ratio of patiently. Games of calling to God. I
will recommend you reading. Right. Okay, it is something.

We will talk to me working out.

But in a person, that's more than he can required to do by law. More, and what?

Right. Um, this is an existed construction food.

In this second.
Welcome to Market, it does not have to additive, so it does not have to be of a comparative value
with what is

From what is coming to the ratio.

Definition. You can look up the types of consideration. You can look out the exception to the
rules, you can look at sorry, they rule the conflation rules. You will one conservation of

Point. Um, he will see a fly go.

Of consideration. It must be fishy on the ground. No, from the top.

That you must have your fucking head. So, then you read across some question, you can spot it,
right? So we want to stop here and your first display on noodles,

I am also going to

All right, you can help me or walk over to the Right. Um, is there any questions so far in order to
read on the small bedroom? All people legally like don't get frustrated class or asking, or just
came over the longest pounding song and all these things. I won't get this part right. Anybody
wants one

Did y'all have a standing origin? Those are more.

What do you think? I think not because

Walk about the circumstances here. I think this is what you usually ask you so involved using
But it still wasn't my friends.

Can you speaking consideration?

All right, that's what I would say. I think it'll be pumpkin along on someone who gave an
example. I have an example before

Miss, I got a question. Do an answering the eggs on questions. City answered quickly or you
should look at this.

In all the, um,

He must look at the world because everything turns out of the Northeast, the heart for Um, in 203
years.

Phone into the wall.

And,

All those things.

She's painting on the reward of a princess.

Sometimes, you have to look out the circumstances in the posture,

Walk all the way. On every kid, from your social.

Uh, reports of