GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE AND SERIESIn the previous lesson, you learned how arithmetic sequences and series can help you predict outcomes of certain real ife problems. In this section, you wil be able to discover a new sequence and series that you can use to help predict the outcomes of more real fe problems, Be reminded to take each activity seriously, Make a conscious effort to highlight the new concepts that you wil be learning,Finite Geometric Series In the previous module, we derived the formula in finding the n“ term of a geometric sequence. This formula allows you to accurately identify the n' term of any geometric sequence. We shall now proceed to discussing how to find the sum of the terms of geometric sequences, Consider the geometric sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, ... If 1 let you find the sum of the first five terms of the geometric sequence, maybe, you'll simply generate the five terms then add them. For example, 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48 = 93.Find the sum of the first five terms of the following geometric sequences. 1) 7,14,28,... 4.) 1,6,36, .. 2.) 3,12,48,... 5.) 54,18,6,.. 3.) 100,50, 25, .. Basically, you will identify first the common ratio of the sequence to generate the next terms of the sequence. For Item number 1, the common ratio (r ) is equal tots 2. Therefore, the first five terms of the sequence are 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112. Then, add the terms to find the sum. 7+14+ 28+ 564112 = 217Here is the formula in finding the sum of the first n terms of a finite geometric sequence: a,(1- 1") Int Where: 5, = the sum of the first n terms a, first term n= number of terms r= common ratio SieLet’s try to use the formula. Find the sum of the first five terms of the geometric series 7, 14,28, Solution: a, = 7, n-5, Let’s substitute the given values in the formul: _ Ay1. Find the sum of the first seven terms of a geometric sequence whose first term is 3 and common ratio is 4. Solution: a; =3, Ra, r=4 Substitute these values in the formula: a,(1- r") = TE 3(1- 4”) 7 1=4 _ 3CL= 16,384) a2, Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the geometric sequence + L Solution: a, =, n=6, r= ee I] - l Nv Substitute these values in the formula: _ a=) nm 1-=-r =e ™ eo 1=2 zl — 64) 6Illustrative Example: Joey saves an amount in his bamboo bank each week. To make it fun, he doubles whatever amount is inside the bank during the next week. On the first week, he saves 1 peso. On the 10% week, how much will be in the bamboo bank in all? First Week | Second Week | Third Week | Fourth week Amount Pi 2 P4 P38. ‘The total savings can be computed by 142444844512 —+ Si a, = 1,7 = 2,519 =? 40-7) ae lerASSESSMENT 1, Find the sum of the first 6 terms of a geometric sequence whose first term is 2 and common ratio is : 2, What is the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric sequence 4, 2, 1? For numbers 3 — 5, use the sequence 3,6,12,... Determine Sra 4.r= 5.55 =Infinite Geometric Series , In the previous lesson, you have learned about finding the sum of the terms of a finite geometric sequence using a formula. Since the sequence is finite, we can easily find the sum. But, what if the sequence has no last term? Can you possibly find the sum? Consider a 1 by 2 rectangular figure. Divide the figure into various portions shown as follows.Ina mathematical statement, we can write the sum of the areas of the rectangles as follows: t-t-4-4— 1+5+d+e a+ *@) ‘Sum of terms of an infinite geometric sequence The three dots or simply called ellipsis indicates infinity.Based from this example, we can have the formula: a, i-r Where: So. =sum to infinity a, = first term rT = common ratio San = Let us test if the formula is correct: 1 1 1 1 1 ltetetaetr e+ et 2 4 8 16 32Solution: a,=11 Find the sum of the terms of the infinite geometric sequence 3, 1, 5.... 4 Solution: a: = 3, my Substitute these values in the formula: ay STS 3 Sa = —2. Find the sum of an infinite geometric sequence whose first term is 5 and common ratio is ; 1 Solution : ai = 5, ret 4 ‘Substitute these values in the formula: S,2—b ON ler 5 $,=— Te earlIllustrative Example: A ball tossed to a height of 8 meters rebounds to ; its previous height. Find the distance the ball has travelled when it comes to rest. Note: 1) The distance travelled going up is the same as the distance travelled going down. 2) When the ball is at rest, the distance is zero. on ; 1 Bad 3H pxcoesa Tossing Rebound | Rebound | Rebound Up 8m. 4m 2m im Down 8m 4m 2m im Total 2(8) or 16m_| 2(4) or 8m | 2(2) or 4m | 2(1) or 2mThe total distance can be written as 2(8) + 2(4) +2(2) +21) + or 284442414) Boo a,= 8,7 =F 50 =!ASSESSMENT 1. INFINITY Solve for the specified geometric series. Show your complete solutions. 1. ) Find the sum of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence whose first term is 4 and common ratio is = 2. ) Given the sequence 9, 3, 1,... , find 5.Problem: Solve completely. A ball tossed to a height of 6 meters rebounds to 2 its previous height. Find the distance the ball has travelled when it comes to rest.