Question Answer Mark

Number
15(a) • Construction of correct vector diagram (parallelogram or
triangle) with all 3 directions and 0.096 (kg m s1) and 0.14(kg
(1)
m s1) labelled

• Momenta correctly scaled (ratio of lengths 0.14 to 0.096 rounds

to between 1.40 and 1.50) (1)

• Horizontal resultant (to within a slope of 1 small square) (1)

• Total momentum = 0.22 to 0.24 (kg m s1) (1) 4

(Do not award MP4 if this value has been obtained by

calculation or from an incorrect diagram)

0.096 kg m s1

1
0.14 kg m s

15(b) • The sum/total momentum before a collision is equal to the

sum/total momentum after a collision (1)

• Provided no external forces act (on the system)

(1) 2
Or in a closed system
15(c) • Use of p = mv (1)

• v = 1.9 m s1 (1) 2

(v = 1.7 m s1 using show that value and allow ecf from (a),
v = 2.0 m s1 if 0.236 kg m s1 used)

Example of calculation
0.23 kg m s1 = 0.12 kg  v
v = 1.92 m s1

Total for question 15 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
11 Max 4
• Initial momentum (of the child, ball and skateboard/total) is zero (1)

• Due to conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the

ball is thrown = total momentum after the ball is thrown (so final
total momentum is zero) (1)

• The momentum of the child/skateboard is equal to the momentum

of the ball (1)

• The momentum of the child/skateboard is opposite in direction to

the momentum of the ball
(1)
• As the mass of the child/skateboard greater (than the mass of ball),
the velocity (of the child/skateboard) will be lower (1) 4

(all symbols to be defined, ‘mv’ to be defined if used for momentum)

(MP3 accept to the right/positive for forwards)
Total for question 11 4
Question Answer Mark
Number
18(a) • Use of p = mv (1)

• Use of conservation of momentum (1)

• v = 6.3 m s−1 (1) 3

Example of calculation
Before: pmallet= 0.17 kg × 1.6 m s−1 = 0.272 kg m s−1
After: pmallet= 0.17 kg × 0.3 m s−1 = 0.051 kg m s−1
0.272 kg m s−1= 0.051 kg m s−1 + (0.035 kg × v)
v = 6.3 m s−1
18(b) METHOD 1 (1)
• Use of Ek = ½mv2
• Use of sin 30° to determine vertical height moved by disc (1)
(1)
• Use of Egrav = mgh
(1)
• Use of W = Fd
(1)
• Use of conservation of energy e.g. Ek = Egrav + W
(1)
• FF = 6.6 N

Example of calculation
Ek = ½ × 0.035 kg × (5.0 m s−1)2 = 0.44 J
Egrav = 0.035 kg × 9.81 N kg−1× 0.065 m × sin 30° = 1.12 × 10−2 J
0.44 J = 1.12 × 10−2 J + (FF × 0.065 m)
0.44 J - 0.0112 J = 0.43 J 6
FF = 6.56 N

METHOD 2
• Use of v2 = u2 + 2as to determine deceleration along ramp
• v = 0 and a negative
• Use of sin 30° to determine component of weight of disc down slope
• Use of ΣF = m a to determine resultant force along ramp
• Subtraction of weight component from resultant force.
• FF = 6.6 N

Total for question 18 9

Question Answer Mark
Number
11(a)
Use of p = mv (1)

p = 4.53 × 105 (kg m s-1) (1) 2

(reverse calculation can gain both marks)

Example of calculation
p = mv
p = (7.15 + 5.35) × 104 kg × 3.62 m s-1 = 4.53× 105 kg m s-1

11(b)
Equates the initial with the final momentum. (1)

v = 2.44 m s-1 (allow ecf from (a)) (1) 2

Example of calculation
5.35× 104 kg × v + 7.15 × 104 kg × 4.50 m s-1 = 4.53× 105 kg m s-1
v = (4.53× 105 kg m s-1 − 7.15 × 104 kg × 4.50 m s-1)/ 5.35× 104 kg
= 2.44 m s-1
11(c)
Use of EK = ½ m v2 (1)

EK = 6.5 104 J (allow ecf from (b)) (1) 2

Example of calculation
Initial k.e. = 0.5 (7.15 × 104 kg (4.50 m s-1)2
+ 5.35× 104 kg × (2.44 m s-1)2) = 8.84 105 J
Final k.e. = 0.512.5 × 10 kg × (3.62 m s-1)2) = 8.19 105 J
4

Difference = 8.84 105 J − 8.19 105 J = 6.47 104 J

Total for question 11 6

Question Answer Mark
Number

12(a) the total momentum before (a collision) = the total momentum after
(a
collision)
Or
Sum of momentum values before (collision) = sum of momentum
values after (collision)
Or
total momentum remains constant
Or (1)
the momentum of a system remains constant

Provided no external/unbalanced/resultant force acts (on the system)

Or (1) 2
in a closed/isolated system

12(b) Use of p = m v (1)

Uses conservation of momentum (1)
Velocity = − 4.6 m s−1 (1) 3

Example of calculation
2.7 kg × 10 m s−1 = 2.7 kg × v + 7.9 kg × 5.0 m s−1
v = (27.0 − 39.5) kg m s−1 ÷ 2.7 kg = −4.6(3) m s−1

Total for question 12 5

 SECTION B

Question Answer Mark

Number
11(a) 2
Sum of momenta before (collision) = sum of momenta after (collision)
Or
Total momentum before (a collision) = total momentum after (a collision)
Or
Total momentum remains constant
Or
The momentum of a system remains constant (1)

Provided no external/unbalanced/resultant force acts

Or
in a closed/isolated system
(1)
11(b)(i)
Use of p = m v (1) 2

m = 8.22 × 1013 (kg) (1)

Example of calculation
1.80 × 1017 N s = m × 2.19 × 103 m s−1
m = 1.80 × 1017 N s ÷ 2.19 × 103 m s−1 = 8.219 × 1013 kg
11(b)(ii) 3
Use of p = m v with combined final mass (1)

Use of momentum conservation (1)

v = 3.05 × 103 m s−1 (ecf from (i)) (1)

Example of calculation
1.80 × 1017 N s + (5.90 × 1012 kg × 15.0 × 103 m s−1)
= (8.219 × 1013 kg + 5.90 × 1012 kg) × v
v = 2.685 × 10 N s ÷ 8.81 × 10 kg = 3.048 × 103 m s−1
17 13

Total for question 11 7

Question
Answer Mark
Number
17(a)(i)
Use of p = m v (1)
Use of conservation of momentum (1)
m = 151 (kg) (1) 3

Use of F = Δp / Δt scores MP1 and MP2

Example of calculation
p = 250 kg × 2.10 m s−1 = 250 kg × 1.15 m s−1 + m × 1.57 m s−1 = 525.0 kg m s−1
m = (525.0 − 287.5 N s) kg m s−1 ÷ 1.57 m s−1
= 237.5 kg m s−1 ÷ 1.57 m s−1 = 151.3 kg

17(a)(ii)
No external horizontal forces acted on either car during the collision. (1) 1

17(a)(iii)
Use of a = Δv / Δt (1)
Use of ΣF = ma (1)
ΣF = 1.76 × 102 N (ecf from (a)(i)) (1) 3

Example of calculation
average acceleration = 1.57 m s−1 ÷ 1.35 s = 1.16 m s−2
ΣF = 151.3 kg × 1.16 m s−2 = 1.76 × 102 N

17(b)
P exerts a force on Q so Q exerts a force on P (1)
Due to N3 forces are equal and opposite in direction (1)
Resultant force on P opposite to direction of motion so according to N2, P decelerates (1) 3

Total for question 17 10

Question
Answer Mark
Number
16(a) Sum of momenta before (collision) = sum of momenta after (collision)
Or
Total momentum before (a collision) = total momentum after (a collision)
Or
Total momentum remains constant
Or
The momentum of a system remains constant (1)

Provided no external/unbalanced/resultant force acts (on the system)

Or
in a closed/isolated system (1) 2

16(b) Use of p = m v (1)

Momentum before collision = 810 N s and after collision = 780 N s

Or Expected velocity = 6.5 m s−1 (1)

Correct conclusion based on comparison of candidate’s momenta/speeds (1) 3

Example of calculation
Momentum before collision:
65 kg × 5.5 m s−1 + 60 kg × 7.5 m s−1 = 807.5 N s
Momentum after collision:
(65 + 60) kg × 6.2 m s−1 = 775.0 N s
775 ≠ 808 ⸫ momentum not conserved

16(c) Forces acted between skaters (during the collision) (1)

Or
External forces [accept friction (between skates and ice)] act on the skaters
(during the collision)

Work done (by forces) during the collision was not recovered
Or (1) 2
Work done (by forces) during the collision was dissipated
Or
Work done (by forces) transfers (kinetic) energy to thermal energy [accept
“heat”]

Total for question 16 7

Question
Answer Mark
Number
16(a) Use of p = m v (1)
Use of momentum conservation (1)
v = 0.04 m s−1 (1)
Towards O , away from S, to left (dependent on MP3) (1) 4

Example of Calculation
1350 kg × 0.82 m s−1 + 2950 v – 2100 kg × 0.58 m s−1 = 0
v = (1218 – 1107) kg m s−1 ÷ 2950 kg = 0.0376 m s−1

16(b)(i) The rocket motor exerts a force on the gases, so the gases exert a force on the
rocket motor (1)

The forces are equal and opposite according to Newton’s third law
(dependent on MP1) (1)

So there is a resultant/net/unbalanced force on the descent module, which

accelerates according to Newton’s second law (accept Newton’s first
law)(independent mark) (1) 3

16(b)(ii) Use of v = u + at to find a (1)

Use of ΣF = m a (1)
ΣF = 3.4 × 102 N (1) 3

Example of Calculation
a = 0.58 m s−1 ÷ 5 s = 0.116 m s−2
ΣF = m a = 2950 kg × 0.116 m s−2 = 342.2 N

Total for question 16 10