Final

Unit 2 anglo saxon

Elegy= ağıt, yakıt

lament= ağıt türü eser
initial= ilk, başta olan
depict= tasvir, betimleme
remarkable= kayda değer, farkedilir, sıra dışı, istisnai, eşssiz/tek
homilies = kısa tavsiye konuşması / öğüt türü eserler
Traditions gelenek
Caesura or natural pause= duraklama
Society toplum
Great müthiş, harika
Poetry şiir
Scope = bards

Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the appropriate words
in the box.
Traditions Caesura Society Great Poetry
Scops Foundations Prose Meter Stressed

1. The foundations of Old English literature were deeply rooted in

Germanic traditions.
2. Anglo-Saxon scops used oral storytelling to convey heroic tales.
3. The Christian traditions of the Roman church played a significant role in
Anglo-Saxon England.
 4. The meter between the stressed and unstressed syllables gives poetry its
rhythm.
5. The ceasura, or natural pause, divides lines of Old English verse.
6. Stressed syllables often alliterate in Old English poetry.
7. The hero Beowulf is a prominent figure in Anglo-Saxon poetry.
8. The Old English society features seafaring warriors bound by loyalty.
9. King Alfred is known as Alfred the great for his contributions to
literature.
10. The Prose of Old English prose included histories and religious texts.

EXERCISE 2:
Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.

C Monastery A Something handed down from the past, such as a

cultural or historical influence.

G Immortality B A poem or song expressing sorrow, often for

someone who has died.

J Slaying C A place where monks live and work, often in

seclusion, for religious purposes.

A Legacy D A sermon or speech that provides moral or

spiritual advice.

B Elegy E Referring to the Benedictine order of monks,

known for their monastic communities and
religious practices.

H Versatile F A historical record of events, often in

chronological order.
I Pagan G The quality of living forever or being remembered
for a very long time.

E Benedictine H Capable of adapting or being used in various

ways.

D Homilies I Relating to beliefs or practices of a religion that is

not one of the world's main religions, especially
pre-Christian or polytheistic beliefs.

F Chronicle J The act of killing, often used in the context of

heroic stories.
Exercise 3: Match the word on the left with its correct synonym on the
right:

F Influence A fight, conflict, combat, action, encounter, clash,

engagement, struggle

E Provide B courageous, brave, plucky, confident, stout-hearted,

lion-hearted, daring

A Battle C broadcast, publicize, make known, bruit about, air, televise,

circulate, publish, distribute, disseminate
J Tough D nearly, about, approximately, practically, virtually,
wellnigh, bordering on, on the brink of, verging on, on the
verge of, little short of; not quite, all but
B Valiant E 1 supply, furnish, equip, outfit, fix up (with) provision,
contribute, accommodate
2 produce, yield, afford, lend, give, present, offer, accord

C Spread F power, pressure, weight, sway, impact, force, effect,

leverage, potency; hold, control, mastery, ascendancy,

D Almost G v. 1 hold, have in it; bear, carry:

2. hold, have the capacity for, accommodate,
admit, carry; seat

G Contain H show, exhibit, air, put or set forth, make visible,

expose, evince, manifest, demonstrate, betray, reveal,
unveil, disclose; advertise, publicize
H Display I poem lyric, rhyme or archaic rime, song, ode, rhapsody,
jingle, ditty

I verse J hard, firm, durable, long-lasting, wear-resistant,

substantial, strong, stout, rugged, sturdy, sound, well-built

Exercise 4: Comprehension Questions.

1. What were the two major influences on Anglo-Saxon literature

mentioned in the text?
Christian traditions of the Roman Church and Germanic
traditions of Anglo-Saxons
2. How did the Anglo-Saxons contribute to the foundation of Old
English literature?
The Anglo-Saxons contributed to the foundation of Old
English literature through their Germanic language, religion,
warrior culture, and oral literary tradition.
3. Who were the scops, and what role did they play in Anglo-
Saxon society?
Scops were bards who played a significant role in Anglo-Saxon
society by performing songs and stories at the banquets of
rulers, thus preserving the oral tradition of literature.
4. Why did the Anglo-Saxons value the oral tradition of songs
and stories?
The Anglo-Saxons valued the oral tradition of songs and
stories because, in a society with widespread illiteracy, it
served as a major literary entertainment and offered
individuals the prospect of achieving a form of immortality by
becoming the subject of a heroic song or tale.

5. What were the main types of poetry found in the Old English
manuscripts mentioned in the text?
The three major types of poetry found in the Old English
manuscripts mentioned in the text are heroic verse, elegy, and
religious verse.

6. How did Old English poetry exhibit a specific rhythmic pattern or

meter?
Old English poetry exhibited a specific rhythmic pattern or meter
characterized by stress, with emphasis typically falling on the first
syllable of a word. Stressed syllables often alliterated with the
initial consonant or vowel sound repeating at the beginning of
other words or stressed syllables.
7. What themes are commonly depicted in Old English poetry, as
exemplified in Beowulf?
 Common themes in Old English poetry include seafaring warriors,
the importance of bravery and loyalty, and the struggle between
good and evil, often interpreted in Christian terms.
8. Who was King Alfred, and what significant contributions did he
make to Old English literature?
King Alfred was a courageous leader and scholar who played a
significant role in establishing English law. He encouraged the
translation of important works from Latin into Old English. His
contributions earned him the title "Alfred the Great."
9. What is the importance of the translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical
History of the English People in the context of Old English
literature?
The translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English
People was important because it helped preserve Old English
literature, and it provided insight into the lives of important
figures like Caedmon, the earliest known Old English poet.
10.What role did Ælfric play in the development of Old English as a
literary language, and what were some of his notable works?
Ælfric, a Benedictine monk, played a key role in developing Old
English as a literary language. He produced works like the Catholic
Homilies and Lives of Saints, contributing to the versatility of Old
English literature

1. What were the two most important influences on Anglo-Saxon (Old

English) literature mentioned in the text? Soru yanlış doğru cevap
germanic(anglo-saxon’s) and christian(roman church) traditions
A) Viking and Norman traditions
B) Greek and Roman traditions
C) Germanic and Christian traditions
D) Roman and Christian traditions

2. Who were the storytellers who created heroic verses in Anglo-Saxon

society?
A) Scribes
B) Monks
C) Scops
D) Bards

3. What was the major literary entertainment for the illiterate Anglo-
Saxons?
a) Prose writings
b) Religious texts
 c) Oral tradition of songs and tales
d) Greek and Roman classics

4. Which manuscript contains almost all of the Old English poetry that
has been preserved?
a) The Beowulf manuscript
b) The Exeter Book
c) The Junius manuscript
d) The Vercelli Book

5. In Old English poetry, what pattern of syllables gives a line of poetry

its rhythm?
a) Rhyming couplets
b) Iambic pentameter
c) Alliteration
d) Blank verse

6. What were the major themes in Old English poetry as discussed in the
text?
a) Bravery, honor, and loyalty
b) Romance and chivalry
c) Love and passion
d) Political intrigue and power struggles

7. Who was the Anglo-Saxon king responsible for translating significant

learning and literature from Latin into Old English?
a) King Arthur
b) King Canute
c) King Edward
d) King Alfred

8. What was the first great prose work written in Old English during King
Alfred's rule?
a) Beowulf
b) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
c) The Vercelli Book
d) The Exeter Book

9. Which writer is mentioned as an important figure for enhancing the

versatility of Old English for literature?
a) Beowulf
b) Bede
c) Ælfric
d) King Alfred

10. The Anglo-Saxon period is characterized by a blending of which two

traditions in its literature?
a) Greek and Roman
b) Celtic and Viking
 c) Germanic and Christian
d) Norse and Norman

Exercise 7: True or False

True False

1 The two most important influences on Anglo-Saxon x

(Old English) literature were the Germanic traditions
of the Anglo-Saxons and the Christian traditions of
the Roman church.

2 The early Anglo-Saxons had a written literary x

tradition that was preserved in manuscripts.

3 Anglo-Saxon storytellers, known as scops, played a x

significant role in preserving their oral literary
tradition.

4 The Old English poem "Beowulf" contains only heroic x

verses and does not include other types of poetry.

5 In Old English poetry, the rhythm is determined by x

the number of syllables in each line.

6 Old English poems typically consist of one x

continuous line without natural pauses.

7 The epic poem "Beowulf" portrays the monster x

Grendel as a hero and a friend of the Christian
community.

8 King Alfred, also known as Alfred the Great, played a x

significant role in translating Latin works into Old
English.

9 The first great prose work written in Old English was x

a historical account known as "The Anglo-Saxon
 Chronicle."

10 The writer Ælfric is mentioned as one of the x

important figures who contributed to the versatility
of Old English as a literary language.

EXERCISE 5
Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. The Anglo-Saxon era was a period that greatly influenced language and
literature.
2. The oral tradition of songs and stories was a major form of
entertainment for Anglo-Saxons.
3. The heroic literature not only entertained but also offered a model for life
and a chance for immortality.
4. Christianity played a significant role in Anglo-Saxon England, resulting
in the preservation of Old English literature.
5. Old English poetry featured distinct rhythmic patterns and alliteration.
6. Themes in Old English poetry often revolved around seafaring warriors,
bravery, and loyalty.
7. King Alfred's contributions to translating Latin texts into Old English
earned him the title 'Alfred the Great.'
8. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle served as a historical record, compiled by
various writers over centuries.
9. Writers like Ælfric played a crucial role in making Old English a
versatile literary language.
10. The Anglo-Saxon period is characterized by a blending of Germanic and
Christian traditions in literature.
 UNIT 3 THE CANTERBURY TALES (c.1387–1400), GEOFFREY CHAUCER

Courtly- Saraya uygun, güzel, nazik

Vernacular- yerel dil
Prologue- giriş, başlangıç, önsöz
Pilgrims- hacı, seyyah, yolcu
Shrine – türbe, tapınak
Occurrence- olay
draw lots- kurra çekmek
vary- çeşitli
fabliaux- ribald and satiric tales/ hiciv ve kötücül masallar
bawdy- müstehçen
raucous - gürültülü
vulgar - kaba
appropriate - uygun
enhanced geliştirilmiş
turbulent çalkantılı
ecclesiastical dini
UNIT THREE: CANTERBURY TALES

VOCABULARY REVIEW

A Choose the correct word for each definition.

courtly pilgrim shrine to vary remarkable

fabliau bawdy vernacular to engage to draw lots

1.------------To engage -to attract and keep someone’s interest or attention

2.------------Courtly very polite in a formal way; graceful and polite

3.------------Vernacular a form of a language that ordinary people use, especially one that
is not the official language;

4.------------Remarkable unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise

5.------------Pilgrim a person who travels to a holy place for religious reasons
6.-------------Shrine a religious place built to remember a particular holy person or
event

7.------------To draw lots to make a decision by choosing one of several pieces of paper with
different choices written on them

8.------------To vary to be different in different situations; to exhibit or undergo change

9.------------fabliau a short, usually comic, frankly coarse, and often cynical tale in
verse popular especially in the 12th and 13th centuries

10.--------------bawdy: referring to sex in a humorous way

B Choose the correct word for each definition.
appropriate insult ecclesiastical praise turbulent

elegy clue vulgar enhance raucous

1.------------raucous rude, noisy, and violent

2.------------vulgar generally used, applied, or accepted; of or relating to the common
people

3.------------appropriate suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose

4.------------enhance to improve something, or to make it more attractive or more

valuable
5. ---------- insult1 (verb) to behave with pride or arrogance; to treat with insolence,
indignity, or contempt; (noun) an offensive remark
6.-----------praise (verb) to express a favorable judgment of; to glorify (a god or saint)
especially by the attribution of perfections, (noun) an expression of
approval, words or music worshipping God

7.--------turbulent causing unrest, violence, or disturbance; characterized by

agitation or tumult

8.-------------ecclesiastical of or relating to a church especially as an established institution;

suitable for use in a church

9.------------clue something that guides through an intricate procedure or maze of

difficulties; specifically; a piece of evidence that leads one toward the
solution of a problem

10.--------------elegy a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially for

one who is dead

 hint, suspicion, trace, suggestion, indication,
C diverse A pointer, lead, tip, tip-off, evidence, indicator

native, local, regional, indigenous,

J prologue B autochthonous

different, varied, diversified, multiform, various,

A clue C assorted, mixed, miscellaneous; distinctive,
distinct, separate, varying, discrete, dissimilar,
differing, divergent, heterogeneous

supply, furnish, equip, outfit, fix up (with)

G depict D provision, contribute, accommodate,

purvey, cater, stock (up), victual, provender

against, in conflict (with), antipathetic, conflicting,
I occurrence E contrary (to), at variance (with), antithetical (to),
hostile (to), inimical (to), opposite (to), contrasting

extraordinary, exceptional, noteworthy,

H include F notable, uncommon, incredible, unbelievable,
impressive,
phenomenal, astonishing, astounding, surprising

characterize, detail, illustrate, interpret, portray,

D provide G represent, reproduce, sketch

incorporate, embody, comprise, embrace, cover,

F remarkable H encompass, take in, subsume, comprehend,
contain

happening, event, incident, phenomenon,

E opposed to I affair, matter, experience

B vernacular J introduction, foreword, preface, preamble

Comprehension Questions
1. In which language was The Canterbury Tales written?
The Canterbury Tales is written in Middle English, as opposed to the Latin or French
that was commonly used for courtly poetry of the time.

2. In which languages was the courtly poetry of the time written?

Latin or French was commonly used for courtly poetry of the time.

3. How many pilgrims are there in The Canterbury Tales?

There is a group of 29 pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales.

4. Where are the pilgrims going?

The pilgrims are on their way to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury
Cathedral, located in southern England.

5. In which century was The Canterbury Tales written?

The Canterbury Tales was written in the 14th century by Geoffrey Chaucer.

6. How many stories do we have in The Canterbury Tales?

The Canterbury Tales consists of a collection of 24 stories

7. When did Chaucer complete writing all the stories in The Canterbury Tales?
Geoffrey Chaucer did not complete writing all the stories in "The Canterbury Tales."
The work remained unfinished at the time of his death in 1400.
Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. Most of the General Prologue, which consists of 858 lines of verse, describes the
pilgrims, their social class, clothing, and personalities (including the narrator himself).

2. They differ immensely as Chaucer used many diverse themes and literary methods.

3. Chaucer tells each story in a way to assure that the tone and method are suitable to
each individual narrator, showing their own status, occupation, and character.

4. There is no original manuscript in his own hand; instead, there are fragments that
would have been scribed by someone else.

5. We do not have the original script written by Chaucer, instead, we have some
fragments which were possibly written by some other writer(s).