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Converting Z Scores

The document discusses z-scores and the normal distribution. It defines z-scores as a measure of relative standing that represents distances from the mean in standard deviation units. The document provides examples of converting raw scores to z-scores using the z-score formula and locating corresponding z-values on the normal curve. It emphasizes that z-scores allow accommodation of all values at the baseline of the normal curve while preserving the meaning of the original raw scores.

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Mary Jane Duma-og
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11 views

Converting Z Scores

The document discusses z-scores and the normal distribution. It defines z-scores as a measure of relative standing that represents distances from the mean in standard deviation units. The document provides examples of converting raw scores to z-scores using the z-score formula and locating corresponding z-values on the normal curve. It emphasizes that z-scores allow accommodation of all values at the baseline of the normal curve while preserving the meaning of the original raw scores.

Uploaded by

Mary Jane Duma-og
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 8:

UNDERSTANDING THE Z-SCORES


Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. understand the concept of the z-score;


2. convert a random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice-versa; and
Tell whether the statement is TRUE. If
not, correct the statement.
1. The normal curve is a bell-shaped distribution.
2. At the base of a normal curve, there are 6
standard deviations expressed as z
3. The tails of the curve touches the baseline so that
the curve can cover 100% of the area under it.
4. The z-score is, in fact, a standard deviation value.
5. The mean and the standard deviation of a normal
distribution is 1 and 0 respectively.
Drill

Find the corresponding area of each of the


following:
1. z=0.96 0.3315
0.4591
2. z=1.74
3. z=2.18 0.4854

4. z=2.69 0.4964

5. Below z=0.27 0.6064


Lesson Introduction
z-score is stated to be a measure of relative
standing.

These scores represent distances from the center


measured in standard deviation units.

There are six z-scores at the base line of the


normal curve: three z scores to the left of the
mean and three z-scores to the right of the mean.
Discussion Points
The z-score
The areas under the normal curve are given in terms of
z-values or scores. Either the z-score locates X within a
sample or within a population. The formula for
calculating z is:

where:
X = given measurement
μ = population mean
σ = population standard deviation
𝑋ത = sample mean
s = sample standard deviation
Discussion Points
The z values are matched with specific areas
under the normal curve in a normal distribution
table.

Therefore, to find the percentage associated with


X, we must find its matched z-value using the z-
formula.

The z-value leads to the area under the curve


found in the normal curve table, which is a
probability, and that probability gives the desired
percentage for X.
Discussion Points

For any population, the mean and the


standard deviation are fixed. Thus, the z
formula matches the z-values one-to-one with
the X values (raw scores). That is, for every X
value there corresponds a z-value and for
each z-value there is exactly one X value.
Example 1
Given the mean, μ = 50 and the standard deviation,
σ = 4 of a population of Reading scores. Find the z-
value that corresponds to a score X = 58.
Example 1

This conversion from raw score to z-score is


shown graphically
𝑋 − 𝜇 58 − 50 8
𝑧= = = =2
𝜎 4 4

∴ 𝑋 = 58 −→ 𝑧 = 2

From the diagram, we see that a score X = 58 corresponds to z = 2. It is


above the mean. So, we can say that, with respect to the mean, the
score of 58 is above average.
Example 2
Locate the z-value that corresponds to a PE
score of 39 given that μ = 45 and σ = 6.

With respect to the mean, the score 39 is below the population mean.
We can also say that the score 39 is below aveage.
Exercises
Summary
1. The areas under the normal curve are given in
terms of z-values or scores. Either the z-score
locates X within a sample or within a
population. The formula for calculating z is:

What is the importance of the z-scores? Raw scores may be composed


of large values, but large values cannot be accommodated at the base
line of the normal curve. So, they have to be transformed into scores
for convenience without sacrificing meanings associated with the raw
scores.
Summary

Importance of the z-scores

Raw scores may be composed of large values, but large


values cannot be accommodated at the base line of the
normal curve. So, they have to be transformed into
scores for convenience without sacrificing meanings
associated with the raw scores.

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