f,dalh iy f,dal ksfrdaOh

(Essense of Buddhisam)
fmrjok

f,dj mj;sk fndfydauhla wd.ï" iusuq;s urKska miqj we;s meje;aula ms<snoj fmkajd fohs'
ñksidf.a wdrïNfha mgka fï olajd iusuq;s urKh fkdje,elaúh yels O¾u;djhla f,i
ms<s.eksu;aa thska ñ§u ioyd lsisoq úioqula fkdue;s nj ms<s.eksu;a fuhg fya;j
= hs¡ fuf;la
f,dj ,nd we;s úoHd;aul yd fN!;sl oshqKqj u.ska o urKh je,elaúh yels u.la fidhd
.eksug wfmdfydi;a ù we;' fuu .eg,qj ksid urKska miq Ôú;hla ms<sno n,dfmdfrd;a;j
+
úúO wd.ï u.ska ñksidg we;s lr fokq ,nhs' fuhska uo wiajeis,a,la ,nk ñksid fuu
Ôú;fhka miq ,nd.; yels iq.;.dñ Wm;la fyda úsuqla;h
s la n,dfmdfrd;a;+fjka lsishï
wd.ula ms<sf.k th Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hñka ta wkqj yeisrsug fm<ô isá¡
f,dj mj;sk m%Odk wd.ï lsysmhla bmso uerS kej; bmfoñka hk ixidrhla mj;sk nj
fkdms<s.kakd w;r ta fjkqjg fmkajd fokafka urKska miq isoqjk fkduefrk iodld,sl
Ôú;hla we;s njhs' th foúhka jykafia lrd hdula fyda iaj¾.hg hdula ksrhg hdula f,i
úia;r fjhs' yskaoq wd.ug wkqj i;ajhd ;+, ia:r
s j mj;akd wd;auhla mj;sk w;r
mqkre;am;a;sh fjñka hk tu wd;auh hïlsis ojil fudalaIh ,nd fl,jr jk nj;a tf;la
úúO rEm ldhhka iys;j iir iersirk nj;a fmkajd fohs' fus wkqj wd.ï u.ska urKska
miq ,nd.; yels úuqla;h
s ka f,i mqkremam;a;sh" iodld,sl Ôjkh" fudalaIh jeks O¾u;d
fmkajd fok w;r th ,nd.ekSu ioyd wkq.ukh l,hq;+ ls%hdud¾.o úia;r lrhs'
fn!oaO o¾Ykfhka fmkajkafka bkaos%hka yryd mss<sf.k Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk ish,q O¾u
j,ska ksoyia ldhsl udkisl jHdhduhlskao f;drj m%{dfjka oelsh hq;= o¾Ykhls¡ful, th
oelsug kus Tn úiska wefika oel lfkka wid fuf;la nqoaO foaYkdj f,i ms<sf.k we;s
O¾u i;Hoehs .fjsYkh l, hq;= w;r uq,djg m;alrkq ,nkafka weihs lkhs neúka nqoaO
foaYkdj f,i wefika iy lfkka wid ms,s.;a ish,qu O¾u ms<sno ielhg meñfKñka
úu¾Ykh l, hq;=fjhs¡fuu fmdf;ys ioyka jkafka ls%hdfjka f;drjq ksjka u.hs¡ta ;=,
l,hq;= lsisjla ke;¡th m%{dfjka oelsula fjhs¡ nqoq flfkla ish,qu Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk
O¾u j,ska ksoyia ksid lsisu O¾uhla foaYkd fkdlrhs¡foaYkd lsrsug lsisoq O¾uhla nqoaO
iajNdjh ;=, fkdue;súu thg fya;=jfjhs¡¡uq,djg m;ajq Pkhd úiska wik ,o m%Yak j,os
Tyq isák uq,dfjka ksoyiaúug hula foaYkd lrk w;r iq;% foaYkd f,i mj;skafka thhs¡
fn!oaO o¾Ykh by; úia;r lrk ,o iodld,sl Psjkfhka hq;= iaj¾. rdPH ms,sno
ixl,amh;a bmo uefrñka .uka .kakd wd;auhla iys; i;ajfhla we;ehs hk ixl,amh;a
ms,sfkd.efkk w;r tjekakla wh;a jkafka bkaos%h uq,djla fyj;a lsishus oDIaGshlg ^w;a
fkdoqgq ms<s.eksulg& jeáfuka úka;kh yryd hk .ukla f,ihs¡ fn!oaO o¾Ykh i;ajhd
;=, fjkiafjñka mj;sk Njh ^mqk¾Njh& iy Pd;s hkqfjka fmkajk ilaldh osIaGsfhka
ksoyia úu;a uq,dfjka isoqjk fuu .ufka wjidkh jk ish,q uq,djkaf.ka ksoyiajq ksjk;a
fmkajhs¡th urKska miq ,nd.kakla fkdjk nj Tng oelsh yelsfjhs¡fn!oaO o¾Ykh
ujsl=iska bmosu Wm; f,i fyda iusuq;s urKh urKhla f,i idlpPd fkdlf¾¡ta ksid Njh
iy Pd;s hkq fu;ku fus fudfydf;a uq,dj ksid ls%hd;auljk fohla jk w;ru thska
ksoyiaúuo iusuq;s urKfhka miq isoqjkakla fkdfjhs¡ls%hd;aul jk mqoa.,fhla we;ehs
ms,s.eksu Wv we;sjq ms,s.;a ixidrfhka fus fudfydf;a ksoyia úh yels ksjk nqoq oyu
fmkajd fohs nqoaO iajNdjh hkq ish,q uq,dfjka ksoyiajq ;ekls¡ish,q ms,s.eksus j,ska ksoyiajq
oelauls¡th ,nd .eksug ms,s.;a O¾u ms,sno ielhg meñKsu;a ^wei my,úu& {dK my,ú
m%{dj my,úu wjYH fjhs¡nqoaO jpkhg wkqj weisfuka m%{dj my, fjk w;r weish
hq;f
a ;a fmr fkdweiq O¾uhhs¡t;k jpk ke;¡th bkaos%hka blaujhs¡uq,dfjka
ksoyiafjhs¡ld,fhka f;drj wld,slj isoqfjhs¡if;la mqoa.,fhla wd;auhla we;ehs hkak
;ud ;=, f.dvke.=kq oDIaGshla neúka tu oDIaGsh oel thska ksoyia jk f;lau i;ajhdg Prd
jHê urK isoqfjhss¡nqoaO iajNdjh Pd;s Prd jHdê urK blaujq ;ekla jk w;r ieu
flfkl=gu fus Psú;fhaosu ,eìh yelshs¡l+vd orejd;+, oekqu fkdue;slu;a ilaldh oDIaGsh
keu;s ixfhdaPkh f.dv ke.s ld,hg wiq fkdúu;a ksid urKh ms<sno ix{djla fkdue;s
fjhs' ;reK úhg t<USu;a iu. oekqu yryd iusuq;sfha mj;sk urKh keu;s O¾u;djh
ye`osk.;a;;a urKh ms<sno .skak ;oska Wmdodkhùu jhig hdu;a iu. isoqfjhs' ks¾u, nqoq
oyu úf,damkh ù .sh miq yskaoq wd.fï uq,O¾u ish,a, nqoaO jpkh f,i ms<sf.k wd;au
ixl,amh" l¾uh" mqkremam;a;sh jeks O¾u;d ms<sn`o nqoqkajykafiaf.a ú.%yh l=ulao hkak
úu¾Ykh lsrsu fjkqjg ysko
a q O¾uhu ms<s.ksñka ta wkqj yeisrsug fn!oaO f,dalh yqreù
we;' ta wkqj hñka fndfyda fn!oaOhka ;ud wfkaljdrhla bmso we;s nj;a urKska miq
osjHf,dal iem ú`o kej; ñksfil+ f,i bms`o ffu;s% nqoqka oel ksjka oelsfï oS¾> .ukl
ksr;fjhs' ta i`oyd wkq.ukh l<hq;= ls%hdud¾.h wOHd;aul .=rejreka úiska fmkajd fohs'
ta ls%hdmámdáh ;+,ska ia:r
s ju tjeks M,hlg ta oehs is;u
S g fyda iel lsÍug mjd
ìhfjhs'O¾uh ms<sno iel fkdlrk f,i Wmfoia fok ksid .=rejreka foaYkd lrk foh
i;H nqoaO foaYkdj f,i ú;lal úpdrfhka f;drj ms<s.ks¡ ta ksid ;ud lrf.k hk
ls%hdud¾.h ms<sno ielhg meñK i;H .fõIkh lrkakka úr,fjhs' ffu;s% nqoqka ndysrska
oelsu fjkqjg hus wfhla f.!;u nqoqka jykafia fmkajd oqka o¾Ykh fus fudfydf;a olso
Tyqg ffu;s% nqoqka ;ud ;=,ska oelsh yelsfjhs'th iusuq;s urKfhka miq olskaklaa fkdfjs¡

fn!oaO o¾Ykh mqPd" weoys,"s iS, Ndjkd jeks mqoa., oDIaGsh u; lrk lsisoq ls%hd
mßmdáhlska oelsh fkdyels m%{dfjkau oelsh hq;a;la fjhs'iS, Ndjkd jeks ls%hdoduhka jD;
jk w;r ksjka oelsu ioyd tu jD; wkq.ukh l, hq;=hs hk oDIaGsh ;=, ls%hd;aulfjhs¡
thska i;aj mqoa., yd wd;au oDIaGsh oeäj Wmdodkh jk ksid lrkafkla ufula isák neúka
thska f;drjq fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsh fkdyelsfjs' jD; wkq.ukh lrkakd fyda fkdlrkakd
hk fofokdu m%{dfjka fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsh hq;=fjhs¡ Ndjkdfjs by,u ;,h jk
fkajix{dkdix{dh;kh olajd is; oshqKql, wis; ;dmihdo úúO udkisl ;, j, isá
wd,drld,du Woaoldrdu mq;a; jeks .=rejrekao urKfhka ksoyia fkdjq Wm; urKh ms<s.;a
whhs 'isoqy;a l=ure ;ud fidhk m%Yakhg ms<s;r
= la fkd,eîfuka .=rejrekaf.ka wE;ajqks'
miqj tjlg ;snq fhda. Ndjkd jeks ls%hdoduhka ;ksj wkq.ukh lrñka úuqla;h
s fijq kuq;a
ih wjqreoaola wjidkfha fus ls%hdoduhka ;=,ska ;ud fidhk Wm; urKh ke;s ;ekla ,eìh
yelso hk ielhg meñK ish,qu ldhsl yd udkisl jHdhdu w;yer ouk ,§' nqoaO;ajh
,eîfuka miq ;ud oqgq mxp bkao%shka yd uki blaujq o¾Ykh oelsh yels m%{djka;hska we;ao
hk m%Yakh yuqfõ nqoqka ksyXj jev isá njo "miqj foúhka úiska m%{djka;hska f,dj isák
nj;a O¾u foaYkd lrk f,i l, b,a,Ssu;a fya;=fjka O¾u foaYkd lsÍug iqoqiq flfkla
fidhd jeäh njo fmd;am;a j, ioyka fjhs'^fuysos fmkajkafka ndysr foúflfkla meñK
wdrdOkd l, njla fkdfjhs¡nqoqka jykafia ;=,u isoqjq f,dalh foi ne,suls¡nqoqkag Wmfoia
osh yels ndysr foú flfkla fkdue;sfjhs&ldgo fus o¾Ykh foaYkd l, hq;f
a ;a ne,sfusos
wd,dr ld,du Woaoldru foi ne,q nj;a Tyqka n%yau f,dalfha Wmam;a;sh ,nd we;s nj;a oqgq
nj ioykaúfuka woyia jkafka uers bmos we;s njla fkdfjs&nqoqkag ,.dúh yels Njhl
fkdisásuhs&fus ms<sno jvd;a meyeos,slsrsula fus fmdf;ys bosrshg ioykafjs¡
ixidrh" wd;au ixl,amh" mska mõ" l¾uh" mqkre;am;a;sh jeks O¾u;d nqoq oyñka m%Njh
,enQjka fkdj isoqy;a l+uref.a Wmam;a;h
s g fmr mgka mej;s O¾u;d fjhss' fuu O¾u;dj,ska
.s,s ;snq iudPh úiska fuu O¾u;d ms<sno nqoqkaf.ka úuik ,o wjiaA:d j,§ ta ms<sn`o nqoqka
jykafia fmkajd oqka i;H ms<sn`o úuiqu fuu .%ka:fha wruqK fjhs' ta wkqj lsisoq ldhsl fyda
udkisl jHdhdulska f;dr m%{dfjka oelsh hq;+ m%{d" iS," iudê u`. Tnf.a úu¾Ykh ioyd
fuys fmkajd fokq ,nhs'
tÉ'ta iqks,a Okr;ak
233$1 ta "m%.;s udj;" fydaud.u
[email protected] Mob-076-6456506 ,070-1097565

ls%hdfjka f;drjq ksjka u.

wmg fmfkk fus f,dalh f.ähl msg fmd;a; ke;fyd;a lgqjg iudk l, yel¡ th
uoh;a Y%djh;a wdrCId lrk w;r wNHka;rh oelsh fkdyels f,i wdjrKhla
lrhs'wNHka;rh oelsug kus wdjrKh bj;a lr ne,sh hq;=fjhs' nqoaO foaYkdjo
tfiauhs¡ th oelsu ioyd Tng hula wjYHfjhs'th f.dfrdaiq iSñ; Yla;h
s lska hq;a mxp
bkaos%hkaf.ka l, fkdyelsh'th w;.d fyda iam¾Y l, ne,sh fkdyels fohla neúka
wdjrKh ù we;s ish,a, oelsug b;d ishqus ;sCIK fud,hla fyda nqoaêhla wjYH fjhs
tu ksid fuu wOHhkfhaos Tn mxp bkaos%hka blaujd ish,q ms<s.;a O¾uo ;djld,slj
mfil ;nd ;u {dkh" ielh iy ;¾l ú;¾lh ta ioyd wjYH fuj,us f,i mdúpsÑ
l, hq;=h'thg fya;=j jkafka nqoq flfkla iusuq;s O¾uhla foaYkd fkdlsrsu;a th
bkaos%hka blaujd m%{dfjka oelsh hq;a;la ùuhs¡nqoaO o¾Ykh m%{djka;hska ioyd
muKla ùfuka bkaos%hkag fmak foag fjkia wNHka;r oelaula ta ;=,ska we;sfjhs¡

fuu wOHhkfhaos wmg jeo.;a jk uq,sl .fjsYkh jkafka i;ajhdf.a oqlg fya;=j
isoqjk wdldrh ms<sno úuid ne,suhs¡hfula fn!oaO o¾Ykh fyda fjkhus wd.ula fyda
o¾Ykhl ms<sirkh fidhkak fya;j
= jkafka fus Psú;h ms<sno ;ud ;=, ;Dma;u
s ;a njla
fkdue;s úu;a lsishus oqlla mej;su;a ksid nj ks.ukh l, yelsh¡;ud ;=, mj;sk oql
l=uk wdldrfha tlla oehs úuiqfjd;a tla tla wh thg fya;= jYfhka úúO fmkakqus
lsrsus lrkq ,nk nj oelsh yelshs¡ ;ud f,dalhla f.dv k.d .eksu;a th oeäj w,a,d
.eksu;a ksid oqlg m;aú we;s neúka thska ksoyia úug wjYH nj" tfia;a ke;akus
ixidrh ms<sno yg.;a .skafkka ksoyiaúug" urKfhka Prdfjka jHdêfhka ksoyia
fuhg jvd Wiia ;;ajhl ldu f,dalhl bmosu fyda lduh rys; f,dalhl bmos fus
wfmaCIdjla we;súu" tfyu ke;akus ;ud;=, Ñka;kh yryd f.dvke.=kq w;a fkdolsk
,o wka wh úiska fmkajk ksjkla lrd hdfus wfmaCIdjla we;sù we;s njhs hkqfjka
fláfhka oelaúh yelsh'

f,dalh oqlla f,i ;ud ;=,u f.dvke.su ms<sno wOHhkfhaos ;=ka uia jhie;s orefjl=
;=, we;s .;s ,CIK foi n,uq¡ nqoq jrfhla th m%NdIajr ukila f,i olajhs' orejd
Tn fudn n,k kuq;a lsisjla w,a,d fkd.ks¡th fnrhlg jefok Ynsoh fuka t;ku
we;sú t;ku ke;sfjhs¡ wei lk kdih osj lh hk bkaos%hkag jefgk hula

we;so th ;ekam;a fkdfjhs¡orejd ujf.a Wkqiqu;a ujf.a lsrs;a uq,a fldg .;a .ukla
we;sj ls%hd;aul jk w;r Tyqf.a yeisrsus rgd ta wkqj fmkakqus lrhs¡ Ñka;kh yryd
f.dv ke.=kq iam¾Y fyda ri rEmhla t;k ke;¡t;k we;af;a úYajfha iajNdjhhs¡orejd
ujs l=iska ìysjkafka wei lk kdih osj lh keu;s NsCIdfjka ke;akus f.doqre
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isák bkaos%hka myla iy m%NdIajr ukilao iys;jhs¡uq,sl wjosfhaos
Ñka;kh ls%hd;aul fkdjk ksid uki m%NdIajrj mj;s¡fn!oaO o¾Ykh wd;au fyda
wkd;au hk oDIaGsj,ska f;dr ksid fuu bkao%shka my ,eìu fmr l, mdmhla ksid isoqjq
fohla f,i ie,lsu i;aj mqoa., wd;au wkd;au oDIaGsj,ska f;dr o¾Ykh oelsug
ndOdjla fjhs¡ñg wu;rj Od;= iajNdjfhau mj;sk úúO;ajh jk tlsfkld ;=, mj;sk
rEm rd."wrEm rd."udk"WoaOpsP"wúoHd j, úYu nj ujsl=iska Wmosk ;eku olakg
we;s fjkialus" mqrdK mdmhla fya;f
= ldg f.k isoqjkakla hkak fus úu¾Ykhg jeo.;a
fkdfjs¡wOHhkh ioyd Od;= ugsgfusu mj;sk fuu úúO;ajh uq,dfjka ksoyia jk f;la
úYaj O¾uh f,i i,lkak¡nqoq flfkla fmkajkafka f,dalh;a f,dal ksfrdaOh;a nUhla
muKjq fus Yrsrh;=,u mj;sk njhs¡ta ksid fn!oaO o¾Ykh iajhx Wmam;a;shla fyda
wka;¾ iusnkaO;djhla ke;sju oelsh hq;=hs¡uq,djg m;ajqfka w;r u.os neúka ta nj
oel thska ksoyiaúu mukla fn!oaO o¾Ykh fmkakqus lrkq ,nhs¡

l=vd orejdf.a fus wjosh jk úg bkaos%hkag isoqjk iam¾Yh yryd .ukla orejd hk
kuq;a ldn,sl"Miai"ufkda ixfps;kd"ú[a[dK hk wdydr orejd fkd.ks¡ ish,q
i;ajhka by; ioyka p;=¾úO wdydr j,ska hemqk;a l=vd orejd thska ksoyiafjs¡Tyq ;=,
i;ajfhla hk oDIaGsh f.dvke.s fkdue;súu thg fya;=jhs¡fu;k isoqjk bkaos%hka j,ska
,nk iam¾Yh Miaih f,i we;euqka ú.%y l,;a i,dh;k újD;úula fkdue;s ksid
Miaihla isoqfkdfjs¡f,dalhla f.dv ke.s fkdue;s ksid fus orejd ;=, oqlla fyda Wm;la
Prdjg m;aúula jHdêhla urKhla fkdue;s fjhs¡Tyq ixidrhla fyda flfkla
mqoa.,fhla wd;auhla we; fyda ke; hk oDIaGsj,skao f;drfjhs¡fus orejd fndaêi;aj
bpspkaOlfhla f,i yeoskafjhs¡tfia yeoskafjkafka nqoqúfus Yla;h
s t;k mej;su
ksihs¡nqoaO iajNdjhg m;aúug orejd uq,djg m;aú uq,dj oel thska ksoyiaúh
hq;h
= ¡nqoaO iajNdjhg fus fudfydf;a yeu flfkl=gu m;aúh yels w;r th nqoqrPdkka
jykafia hk mqoa., oDIaGsfhka .kak nqoq flfkla f,i .eksug boqrdu fjkia fohls¡th
ish,q uq,djkaf.ka ksoyiajq iajNdjhlafjhs¡

orejd l%u l%ufhka jefvk úg wei .efgk wdf,dal fyda Ynso fyda iam¾Y ri jeks
ix[d ^rEm& l=ulao hkak ms<snoj jpk rys; iajhxfhdaPkhla iy fjsokdjla orejdg
we;sfjhs¡orejdf.a l,ska mej;s fkdwe,qk m%NdIajr f,dalh os.gu fkdmj;shs¡th
ke;sú fjkiaú hhs¡th ksYap, núka ños Ñka;kh uq,afldg.;a .ukla wdruN
lrhs¡kdurEm f.dv k.d .kakd f,dalhg msúisu orejd isá m,uq wka;¾ l,amfha
úkdYúu f,i;a fojks wka;¾ l,amfha wdrusNh f,i;a fmkajd osh yelssfjs¡fn!oaO
o¾Ykfha fmkajk f,dal úkdYh fyda l,am úkdYfha wdrusNh fuhufjs¡thska msgia;r
ndysr f,dalhla fn!oaO o¾Ykh idlpsPd fkdlrhs¡

fojks wka;¾ l,amfhaos orejd ;joqrg;a jeä ny f;drk jhfia miqjk neúka
m%NdIajrj mej;s uki Ñka;kfhka fjkia u.lg ;,a,q lrhs¡fus olskafka l=ulao hkak
uj iy mshd úiska W.kajhs¡orejd wei .egqkq wdf,dal ix{dj l=ulaoehs lfkka wid
oek.ks¡th wefika oqgq foh lkska wid oek.eksula ksid ukfia ;ekam;ajqfha ix{d
folla ixl,khls¡j¾K rEmh;a ^oqgq foh&Ynso rEmh;a ^wid oek.;a foh& f,i th
olsuq¡miqj orejd olskafka m<uq wka;¾ l,amh ;=, oqgq kdu rys; f,dalh fjkqjg wid
oekf.k ukfia ;ekam;a l, f,dalhhs¡fus f,dalh kdurEm f,dalh fjhs¡we,sus .eáus
iys; kdu rEm f,dalhhs¡fuys kdu hkq fjsokd ix{d ixLdr ú[a[dK ksid rEmh;a
iu. f.dvkef.hs¡túg f,dalh ndysrj fukau wNHka;rj ukfiao f.dvke.=Kq
uq,djlska iukaú;fjhs¡kdu rEm hkq ndysr fohla fkdj ukfia we;s wrEm
O¾uhkah¡Ñ;a; ffp;sisl fjhs¡rEm fjsokd ix{d ixLdr ú[a[dK hk wrEm
O¾uhkah¡wefika oqgq foh lfkka wid oekf.k br fyda ioq jYfhka ;ekam;a lr .;a;d
fiau lk .egqkq Ynsoh l=ulaoehs lfkkau wid oekf.k ukfia ;ekam;a l f.dv
ke.=kls¡th /fyhshl=f.a .srjl=f.a y~ f,i orejd ;ekam;a lr .kshs¡wksl=;a bkao%shka
yrydo fufiau isoqfjhs¡wid oek.;a fohska ;udf.a uj wka whf.ka fjkafldg .kakd
w;r miqj ujf.a .=K j,ska th fmdaIKh lr ialkaOhla f.dv k.d .ks¡bkaos%hka mi
fyda;=fjka f.dvkef.k rEm fjsokd ix{d ixLdr ú[a[dK hk mxpialkaOh ;udf.a
hehs ms<s.eksu ksid mxp WmdodkdialkaOhla njg m;afjhs¡fuu fmdaIkhúu tlla f,i
fkdmj;shs¡mdif,aos uj ms<snoj rpkdjla ,shkafka ;ud ;=, f.dvke.=kq kdu rEm
ialkaOh Wmfhda.s lr f.kh¡

br f,i ;ekm;a jqfha rEmh mukla fkdj bfrys iajNdjho yevho iys;
ialkaOhls¡oeka br foi fkdn,du th oelsh yelsfjhs¡th orjd úiska f.dvk.d .;a
f,dalfha mj;shs¡

nqoq oyfus kdurEm hkqfjka yeoskafjkafka rEm"Ynso".kaO"ri"iam¾Y hk mxp bkaos%hka

;=,ska ,nk wruqKq iy thg wdfjsksl .=kdx. j,ska f.dv ke.+ ukfia ;ekam;a jqk
ialkaOhs¡ ukfia f.dv ke.=kq ;udf.a f,dalh ;=, i;=rdo"ñ;=rdo"foúhkao "N+;hkao
fjhs¡tlu rEm Pdhdj tla wfhl=g ñ;=frla f,i;a ;jfll=g i;=frla f,i;a
f.dvkef.hs¡Tng ñ;=frla jk rEmhu ;j flfkl=g i;=frla fjhs¡ta wkqj ndysrj oqgq
rEmh ;=, i;=frla fyda ñ;=frla hk lsisoq mod¾:hla fkdmj;shs¡ta ;=, uyd N+; muKla
we;ehs hfula lshkq we;¡kuq;a ta ;=, lsisjlau fkdue;sfjhs¡tfia ioyka lf,a mGú
wdfmda f;afPda jdfhda hkak n%yauk O¾ufhaos we;s fohla f,i fmkajk kuq;a nqoaO
foaYkdfjsos bkaos%h f.dapr fkdjk iajNdjhka mukla úuhs¡i;=rd ;u ukfia f.dv
ke.=kq rEmhla mukla fjhs¡th f.dvke.+ mqoa.,hdg wdfjsksl rEmhhs¡osjH f,dalo
foúhkao uq,dfjka wkqkaf.ka .;a oekqulska f.dv kef.hs¡Ndrydr fjkafk;a mqo mqPd
mj;ajkafk;a ;ud oqgq foúfhl=g fkdj wkqkaf.ka wid.;a oekqfuka ukfia f.dv ke.+
rEmhghs¡úYajh ;=, ke;s hkjd" tkjd"jefgkjd hk ls%hdjkao msx mjs"fydo krl"iem
oql",dN w,dN jeks tlsfklg idfmaCIj f.dv ke.=Kq oaú;ajhla we;s ixialdr O¾uo
orejd ukfia f.dvk.d .ks¡nqoaO foaYkdj ixialdr O¾u flfi,a lolg Wmud lrhs¡th
m;=re .id n,k úg yrhla fkdue;sh¡

fus jkúg orejd f,dalhla ks¾udKh lr f.k th ;udf.a f,dalhla njg m;alrf.k
we;¡m%NdIajr uki ;=, ;snqfka fkdneoqkq ú;a;hla kus oeka mj;skafka neosus u;
f.dvke.=kls¡tu ksid ;ukq;a wkqkq;a hk oajkaohla mek ke.=ks¡l%u l%ufhka orejd
f,dalh oevsj w,a,d.ks¡th mxpialkaOh Wmdodkh lr.eksfuka iliajq mxp
WmdodkialkaOfha f.dv ke.suhs¡bkaos%hka yd ukfia ls%hdldrs ;ajh mokus lrf.k
ks¾udKh jkakdjq ls%hdj,sh f,dalhla yd ta ;=, ls%hd;aul jk mqo a.,fhla we;s lsrsu
ilaldh osIaGsh ks¾udkhúu fyj;a i;df.a bmosuhs¡fuh Pd;s f,i mápsP iuqmamdofha
fmkajhs¡mápsPiuqmamdofha Pd;s olajd if;la mqoa.,fhla ls%hd;aul fkdfjhs¡ f,dalh
iusmq¾K lr.ksñka hk orejd ;=, mxp WmdodkialkaOh ^ilaldh osIaGsh& úpslspP
s d
Ys,nsn; mrdudi " ldurd. "má>"hk Ñka;kh ksid ygf.k /f.k hk O¾u my;a
rEm rd." wrEm rd." udk" WoaOpsP" wúoHd hk uk O¾u my;a tlg neos mj;s¡

uq,dfjka f.dv k.d .;a f,dalh fya;f

= jka i;ajhd ;=, we,sï .eáï we;sfjhs¡hula
,nd.eksug fyda m%;sfCIam lsrsug ta fï w; o.,ñka oqlg m;afjhs¡

f,dalhu uq,dfjka ieoqkq nj oel th oqla iys; nj;a oek thska ksoyiaúug hfula
huslsis ls%hdmámdáhla wkq.ukh lrhso Tyq ;=kajk wka;¾ l,amhg wj;s¾Kfjhs¡Ys,
Ndjkd jeks úuqla;h
s ,ensu ioyd lrkq ,nk ish,qu ldhsl iy udkisl ls%hdldrlï
fuys fjhs¡fuu wka;¾ l,amfha isákakd ;=, we;s iajNdjh jkafka O¾u ms<s.eksu iy
ta wkqj ls%hd;aulúuhs¡ielh ;¾l ú;¾lh fkdue;¡.=rejrfhl= isá¡Tyqf.a .%ykhg
wiqú ixidr pl%fhka ksoyiaúu ioyd Tyqf.au O¾u pl%hg wiqú .ukla hhs¡wefika
oel lfkka wid ms<s.kakd neúka .=rejrhd lshk foh iel fkdlrhs¡

fuys isák hfula fuu ls%hdj,sfhka úuqla;sh ,eìh yelso hk ielhg meñfkhso Tyq
fuu ls%hdldrlï iy ms<s.eksfuka bj;afjhs¡th wei my,úuhs¡Tyq .=rejrhdf.kao
Tyqf.a O¾ufhkao ksoyia fjhs¡ta wkqj Tyq i;r fjks wka;¾ l,amhg m%úIaG jk w;r
ielh iy ú;lal úpdrfhka lghq;= lrhs¡Tyq lsisoq O¾uhla ms<s.eksu fyda m%;sfCIam
lsrsu fkdlrhs¡m%{dj u;=lr.ks¡;ud ;=,ska nqoqka oelsug fya;=jk m%{dj miajk wka;¾
l,amfhaos ,nd.ks¡

isoqy;a l=ure ih jila l, oqIalrls%hdj wjidkfha jrla ierháfhka uqyqK fiaosu

ioyd P,dYhlg .sh wjia:dfjs ;u rEmh meyeos,s osh ;=, osiaúu;a tfjsf,au ierháh
j;=rg jeáfuka P,h le,ö ;u rEmh ke;sj hdfuka wei my,jq nj ioykafjhs¡;ud
fuf;la fijq m%NdIajr ukio ierháh j;=rg jeá fkdfmks .sh rEmh fuka iq,q foalska
iusm¾
q kfhkau ke;sjk nj oel oqIalrls%hdj w;yersh nj ioykafjhs¡oqIalrls%h dj
w;yersug fya;=jq idOlh foi ne,sfusos fuf;la lrf.k .sh foh tljru k;r
lsrsug wNHka;rfhka hula ierháh fya;f
= ldg f.k isoqjqks¡th ld,fhka f;drj
wld,slj isoqjq fohla f,i ie,lsh hq;f
= jhs¡fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsuo i;a O¾uh Y%jkh
Ñfuka laIKhlos jk oelaulska isoqfjhs¡oqIalrls%hdj w;yersfuka miq kej; bkaos%hka
;=,g tau kej; wdydr .eksu f,i oelafjhs¡oqIl
a rls%hd m%;sudfjka fmkakqus lrkafka
mxp bkaos%hka ioyd wdydr fkdosfuka úuqla;sh ,ensfus W;aiyhl ksr;jq njhs¡weia .s,s
;sìfuka lka .s,s ;sìfuka ixfla;j;a lrkafka rEm Ynso úkaokh m%;sCIam l,
njh¡bkaos%hka ioyd wdydr fkdfok úg ;ud ;=, isák mxp j¾.fha NsCIqka ^wei lk
kdih osj lh hk NsCIdfjka Psj;ajk wh& yerod hk w;r miaj. ;jqika Wojsjg

meñfkhs¡kej; wdydr .kakd úg bj; .sh ;ud ;=, isá mxp j.a.h
s NsCIqka kej;
meñfkk w;r miaj. ;jqika bj; hhs¡Tno ksjka oelsu ioyd bkaos%hka mskúu w;a
yrsk úg nuqKq oyu Wojsjg meñfkhs¡

nqoaO;ajh ,eìfuka miq mejiq Wodk jdlHfhka lshkqfha fuf;la ixidrh mqrd i;aj
mqoa., wd;au jYfhka ;snq ms<s.eksfuka ta fudfydf;a ksoyiajq njh¡

by; ioyka lrekq ixCIsma;j .;al, l=vd orejd m%NdIajr ukilska ukiska idod.;a
f,dalhlg wj;s¾K jq yeá;a ta f,daalfhka ksoyiaúug úuqla;h
s fidhd hefïos jeros
.=rejrekag wiqúu;a thska ños m%{dj u;=lr .eksu;a oelsh yelsh¡

nqoq oyu wksl=;a wd.us yd o¾Yk j,ska fjkajkafka th foaj O¾uhla foaYkd fkdlrk
f,dj mj;sk tlu o¾Ykh úuhs 'f,dalfha mj;sk m%Odk wd.us foi n,k úg b;d
ixCIsma;j fufia j¾. l, yelsh 'ls%ia;shdks iy bia,dus wd.us tlu uejqusldr
foúfhl= ms<s.ks 'ls%ia;h
s dks wd.u foúhka iy wdorh God and Love hk moku u;;a
bia,dus wd.u foúhka iy Nh God and Fear hk moku u;;a" yskaoq wd.u nyq foaj Many
Gods hk ixl,am iy uejqusldr uyd n%yauhka ms<s.kakd w;r fn!oaaO o¾Ykh No Gods
hk mokñkao hqla;hs" nqoqka jykafia uejqus jdoh fkdms<s.;a w;r foaj O¾ufhka f;dr
o¾Ykh fmkajkq ,enqfjs foúhka ureka nUqka we;ehs ms<s.;a iudPhl ùu ksid miq
ld,skj fuu ms<s.eksus fn!oaO o¾Ykfha fldgia f,i jrojd.eksu isoqjqks' tu iudP
ms<s.eksu u; isá Wml wdPsjlhdo nqoqka jykafiaf.ka úuid isáfha Tn foúfhlao'
n%yaufhlao "ukqIHfhlao "hCIfhl=o "udrhdo hkakhs' tjsg nqoqka jykafia Tn ms<s.;a
fus ish,qu fokd rd. oafjsY fuday hk ;=kska hqla; nj;a nqoqka jykafia thska tla wfhl=
fyda fkdfjk nj foaYkd lrk ,os'fus ish,qu fokd isákafka ;ud f.dvk.d .;a f,dalh
;=, úu;a tajd ish,a, bkaos%h O¾u fjhs¡nqoq flfkla foaYkd lrk o¾Ykh f,daflda;a;r
tlla jk ksid th bkaos%hka blaujhs¡th oelsh yelafla m%{dj;=,ska muks ¡

ksjka oelsfï ud¾.h l=ulao@

wm fuysos fmkakqus lrkafka ksjka oelsh yelafla flfiao@ ta ioyd ms<smeosh hq;= hïlsis
ls%hdud¾.hla we;ao tfia kï ta l=ulao hkakhs¡fï ms<sno úu¾Ykhg m%:u Tnf.a
m%{dj u;=lr .eksug hï hï lreKq úia;r lsrsula fuysos isoqjk w;r wm wruqKq
lrk fohg ta u.ska hïlsis msgqjy,la ,efnkq we;s¡

fláfhka ksjka oelsu ioyd wkq.ukh l, hq;= ls%hd ud¾.hla fkdue;¡ksjk ;ud ;=,u
we;s w;r th uq,dfjka jeis we;s neúka uq,dfjka ksoyia fjkf;la ksjk oelsh
fkdyelsfjhs¡kuq;a uq,djg m;a i;ajhd úiska lrkq ,nk úúOjq ldhsl fyda udkisl
jHdhduhka lsisjla nqoqjrfhla lrk f,i fyda fkdlrk f,i fkdfmkajk w;r
ms<s.eksula fyda m%;sfCIam lsrsula fkdlrhs¡ta ta wh bkak ;ek wkqj lrKq ,nk ls%hd
úúO ksid nqoaO foaYkdj fmkajkafka ;ud isák ;ek oel thska ksoyia úfus ud¾.hhs¡

uq,djg m;a Pkhd úiska huslsis m%Yakhla /f.k nqoqka lrd meñKs úg Tyq isák
uq,dfjka ksoyia lsrsu ioyd hula nqoq flfkla foaYkd lrkjd úkd nqoq flfkla ,.
foaYkd lsrsug lsisoq O¾uhla ^Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hdhq;= fohla& fkdue;sfjhs¡t;k
we;af;a ;;d.; iajNdjhhs¡;sìh hq;+ wdldrhhs¡nqoaO foaYkd f,i ioyka jkafka tla
tla wh úiska nqoqka jykafia fj; meñK úuik ,o mekhlg fok ,o ms<s;r
= ehs¡nqoqka
jykafia lrd meñK úuik ,o m%Yakhla we;akus ,efnk mss<s;=frka ta mqoa.,hd tu
m%Yakfhka ksoyia fjhs¡.=rejrfhl=f.ka m%Yk
a hla úuiqúg thg W;a;rhla ,efnk
w;r th weiq mqoa.,hd m%Yakh;a ms<s;r
= ;a hk folu lr.idf.k hhs¡Tyqg oeka
m%Yakh;a ms<s;r
= ;a hk folla ;sfns¡nqoq flfkla úúO mqoa.,hka úiska úúO O¾u
wkq.ukh lrk ksid thska ksoyiaúug i;H fmkajhs¡;ud wkqkaf.ka wid ms<sf.k
wkq.ukh lrf.k hk O¾u ms<sno ielhg meñKsu wei my,úu f,i;a bka miq i;H
ud¾.hg wj;s¾K ú {dK my,ú" m%{dj my,ú iir .uk wjika lr.ks¡ksjk oelsh
hq;f
a ;a ñksi;a nj ,enq fus Psú;fhaos ñi urfKka miq fkdfjhs¡

jrla nqoqka jykafia iqN+;s uy ry;ka jykafia f.ka —iqN+;s uu lsishus O¾uhla
^Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk&foaYkd lrkjdo ˜hkak úiq wjia:dfjs iqN+;s uy ry;ka
jykafia —udf.a oeksfus yd úYajdifha yeáhg Tn jykafia lsisoq O¾uhla foaYkd
fkdlrhs˜ hkqfjka ms<s;r
= e oqka nj;a ta wid nqoqka jykafia f;jrla idOqldr oqka nj;a
fmd;a m;aj, ioykafjhs¡

;ud oeäj w,a,df.k we;s f,dalfhka ksoyia úug nqoqka ;ud;=, my, fjk w;r
ndysrska nqoq flfkl= oelsh fkdyelsfjhs¡;s%mg
s lh fyda fjkhus fmd;la Odrkh lr
.eksfuka oekqula f,i th ;ekam;a fjk kuq;a ld,fhka f;drjq fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsh
fkdyels w;r oekqu ms<sf.k .nvd lsrsfuka i;H jeisf.dia O¾u NdKavd.drsl
flfkla ìysfjhs¡O¾u NdKavd.drslfhl= ta fudfydf;a oelsh hq;= o¾Ykh oekqula f,i
u;lfha .nvd lrk neúka ksjka oelsu oqIalrfjhs¡wdkkao f;reka nqoqka iu. tl
l=áfha isg nqoqka jykafia foaYkd l, ish,qu foaYkd .nvdl, ksid nqoaO mrsks¾jdkh
f;la ksjka oelsug fkdyelsjqks¡ fmd;a m;a j, ;sfnk lrekq oekqula f,i .nvd fldg
;ud ksjkg wdikakhhs is;k fyda ksjka oel we;ehs iss;k wh nyq,fjhs¡ jpk yryd
ksjka oel we;s who nyq,fjs¡Ndjkdj jeks ls%hdj,shlska nqoqka oelsh fkdyels jkafka
Ndjkdj Ñka;kh fmr oersj isoqúuhs¡ksjka oelsu ioyd hk oDIaGsfhka Ndjkd
lrkafkl= isáu ksid ilaldh osIaGsh b;=reú Ñka;kh ke;sfjhs¡Ndjkdfjka ;udf.a hhs
ms<s.;a is; oevsj Wmdodkh jk ksid lrkafkla isá¡Ñka;kh wvq j hhs¡ukqIH
iajNdjfhka fjkiafjhs¡ksjka oelsh yelafla ukqIHfhl=g neúka ukqIH;ajfhka .s,sys
we;s flfkl=g ksjk oelsh fkdyelsh¡

m%:u O¾u foaYkdj lsrsug iqoqiafil= fiúfusos nqoqka jykafia wd,drld,du iy

Woaoldrdumq;a; foi ne,sfuka Tjqka n%yau f,dalj, bmos we;s nj oqgq nj
ioykafjhs¡n%yau f,dalj, bmosu hkafkka woyia jkafka Tjqka ñhf.dia kej; ;ekl
bmos we;s njla fkdj Tjqka isá Njh fjkiaúuhs¡Ndjkdj fya;= fldg f.k ukqIH
Njfhka fjk;a Njhl bmosuhs¡th uers isoqjq Wm;la fkdfjss¡ Tjqka i;a O¾uh Y%jkh
l,yels ;,hl fkdisá njhs¡tjeks whg O¾u foaYkd lsrsu M, rys;fjhs¡Ñka;kh ;=,
is;Ñ
= ,s bmosu isudú we;s ksid n%yau f,dalj, wdhqI jevs nj ioykafjhs¡n%yau
f,dalj,g nqoqka fkdjäk njo ioyka jkafka ta ksihs¡fus fya;= ksid Tjqka kej;
ukqIHfhl=j nqoafOdamdold,h ;uka ;=, we;sfjkf;la i;a O¾uh Y%jkhg iqoqiq
fkdfjs¡th f,fyisfhka ,.dlr.; yels fkdfjhs¡;ud úiska lr.;a fofhys M,hla
f,i úYaj O¾uh ls%hd;aulúu ksid wdkka;¾h l=I, l¾uhl M,osuls¡nqoaO foaYkdjg
wkqj i;ajhd iers irk ;sia tla ;,hu mj;skafka nUhla mukjq fus Yrsrh ;=,hs¡ thska
msg we;s f,dalhla fkdue;sfjss¡miqj Ñia;r flfrk ks¾udK r;sh"mrks¾ñ; jij¾;sh"
hduh ^ld,h& jeks osjHf,dalo fu;ku mj;shs¡úpdrhla fkdue;s ksid jeá oqlaúosk
wúÑ uyd krlho ";srsika f,dalho fu;ku ls%hd;aul fjhs¡nqoq flfkla nUhla muKjq

fï Yrsrh ;=, f,dalh;a f,dal ksfrdaOhla mkjk ksid thska ndysrj lsisjla
fkdue;sfjs¡wd,drld,du "Woaoldrdumq;a; wis; ;dmihka Ndjkdfjka ,ndf.k ;snq
n%yau ;,hka fkaj ix[d k ix[d h;kh ^ix[dj we; ke;&hk ;ekska kj;s¡Wm;
urKh we;¡urKfhkaksoyia fkdfjhs¡wis; ;dmihd isoqy;a l=ure oelsug meñKs
wjia:dfjs yeéfuka iy iskyúfuka ixfla;j;a jkafka thhs¡isoqy;a ;jqid .=rejreka
w;ayersug fya;j
= jqfhao ;ud fidhk Pd;s "Prd "jHdê "urK hkafkka ksoyia njla
fuu ;,j, fkdue;súuhs¡

fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsug wjYH uq,sl iqoqiqlu jkafka ñksfil=úuhs¡ñksfil= hkq ilaldh
osIaGsh" úÑlspP
s d "is,nsn; mrdudi "ldurd. "má> hk Ñka;kh ksid ygf.k /f.k
hk Ñka;k O¾u my;a rEm rd."wrEm rd."udk"WoaOpsP"wúoHd hk ujsl=iska Wmf;aosu
;snq uk O¾u my hk oY ixfhdaPhkaf.ka neoqkq wfhls¡by; ioyka ilaldh osIaGsh
úÑlspP
s d is,nsn; mrdudi hk ixcfhdaPk ;=fkka ksoyiaúu fidajyka M,h f,i
oelafjhs¡nqoqka oji fus M,h ,enq fldaá .kkl Pk;djla úiq njo Tjqka f.dú;eka n;a
lrñka fyda ;u l¾udka;fha kshef,ñka wUqore fmdaIkh lrñka .sysf.hs Pssj;ajq njo
fmd;a m;aj, ioykafjhs¡th Psú;h yerhdula fkdfjhs¡ i;H oel uq,dfjka ksoyiaj
ñysrsM, N=la;s úosñka Psj;aula f,i oelaúh yel¡
by; ioyka l, lreKq yd iudkj i;ajhd úiska wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk úúO jD; O¾u
ksid tys l¾uM,hla f,i úYaj O¾uh fya;=M, oyula f,i ls%hd;aul jk whqre
fmkaúh yelshs¡fus ish,qu foaj, uq,dY% nuqKq O¾u yd neos w;¡tajd nqoq oyu úf,damkh
úfuka miq u;=jq wo ls%hd;aul jk nqoaOd.u ;=, mj;shs¡fus ish,a, is,nsn; mrdudi
fjs¡jfrl tla;rd n%yaukfhl= nqoqka jykafia lrd meñK ;udf.a fidfydhqrd wP jD;
^tMfjl= jf.a yeisrsu ksod.eksu& f.da jD; ^yrfll= jf.a&rlsk nj;a urKska miq Tyqg
;=ula isoqjkq we;;aoehs nqoqka jykafiaf.ka úuiq nj ioykafjhs¡nqoqka jykafia ;=ka
jrlau ms<s;r
= e fkdos ksyåj isá nj;a kej; kej; úuisu ksid hful=f.a wfmaCIdj
th kus th tfia bgqjkq we;ehs m%ldY l, nj ioykafjhs¡

nqoaO foaYkdfjs fufia ioyka fjhs¡ —kys iS,j;x fya;= -WmamPPk;s ;;d.; -
wgsGlaLrd ;SKmo-iUqfok mldis;˜fuys woyi iS,jD; lshdosug ;;d.; flfkla
my, fkdjk njhs¡hus hus fya;= u; fuu O¾u fldgia fy,sorjs fkdflfrhs¡lrKsh
fu;a; iq;f
% ha ioyka jkafka o osgsGsxp wkqm.usu is,jd oiaifkak iusmkafkda oDIaGshg
fkdmeusKs

10

Ys,h ms<snojhs¡o¾Yk iusm;a;sh oDIaGs.; Ys,fhka fkd,efnhs¡mqoa.,fhla we; Tyq

ksjka oelalúug is,a /lsh hq;=h hkak oDIaGshla mukls¡tjeks Ys,hlska ksjka oelaldo
hkak ;ukag oelsh fkdyels ksid tu ls%h;aulúu oDIaGs.; is,hlau fjhs¡oDIaGshg
fkdmeñks is,h Tn;=,u we;¡th oelsh hq;h
= ¡fn!oaO o¾Ykh Ys, iudOs m%{d f,i
ms<s.eksu ksid oDIaGs.; is,hla ;=,ska iudêhla ,nd m%{dj ,ensfus u.l i;ajhd
ksr;fjhs¡fuu Ys,h iy iudêh ñ;H Ys,hla iy iudêhlau fjhs¡fuu ,smsfhka
fmkakqus lrkafka m%{d iS, iudê lshk ksjka u.hs¡m%{dfjka ,nk ks;H Ys,h iy
iudêh fjkia fkdfjhs¡oDIaGsfhka iudokajk Ys,h ìfohs¡th j;=rg hglrf.k isák
rn¾ fnda,hla jeksh¡iudoka jk Ys, nqoq oyug wh;a fkdjkafka bkaos%hka iy ukfia
ls%hdldrs;j
a h ;=, flfkla mqoa.,fhla ke;s nj oelsu fjkqjgflfkla mqoa.,fhla
we;ehs hkak ms<sf.k th ke;slr .eksug ldhsl yd udkisl jHdhduhl fhosuhs¡

wksl=;a jD;j, iajNdjhka ms<snoj fuysos fmkakqus fkdlrk w;r Tngu úu¾Ykh
lr ne,sh yelsfjhs¡flfkla ksjka oelsu ioyd ks¾udxY wdydr .eksug fm<Usu¡wUqore
iusnkaO;dj,ska whskaúu fujeks odIaGs.; jD; j,g WodyrK ksid Tyqg ta w;ayrsk
,o foaj,a fkd,eìhdu yerekq fldg ,nk ksjkla ke;s njTng mila jkq we;¡th úYaj
O¾ufhys we;s fya;= m%;H njhs¡hfula fuu Yrsrh ms<sl=,a fohla f,i m%;sfCIm lr
Ndjkd lrhso tys m%;M
s ,h Tyqg Yrsrhla fkd,eìhhs¡ fn!oaO o¾Ykhg fï lsisjla
wod, fkdfjs¡uia jeoaodo ffjYHdjo ;ud lrk lraudka;h ndOdjla fkdú ksjka ols¡

fuh lshjk Tng ñg fmr wid ms<sf.k ;snq O¾u ms<sno ielhla fkdue;s kï fuu
fmkakqï lsrsu tlfy,du m%;f
s CIam jkq we;s¡fï m%;sfCIam lrkakd ljqo@ th Tn úiska
lrkakla fkdfjs¡fu;k lrkafkla lrjkafkla fkdu;shs¡kuq;a fuu m%;f
s CIam lsrsu Tn
úiska Ndrf.k Tn lrkjd hhs ug lshhs¡fuf;la oek ms<sf.k ;snq Ora uhu weisu
yerekq fldg thg m%;ú
s reoaOjq hula weisug bv fkdfokafka ljqo@ wm ta m%Yk
a hg
ms,s;r
= la fidhuq¡Tn l,hq;f
a ;a lrkafkla lrjkafkla ke;=j isoqjk fuu isoqúu foi
ne,su muKhs¡Tng fmfkkq we;s fuf;la ixidrh mqrd ^fuys ixidrh hkq fmr Wm;la
fkdfõ&weiq O¾u hus ;ekl ;ekam;aj ;sì Ñka;kh yryd u;=jqk njla iy thg wkqj
uu fuu O¾uj,g tl. ke;ehs Tnmejiq nj¡wksl=;a Tn;=, u;=jk hCI "fma%;" osjH
iajNdjhka w;f¾ i;H fidhd hk isoaOd¾: flfkl=f.a iajNdjhla .=rejrekaf.ka wid
ms<s.;a O¾u iys;j isáu fus m%;f
s CIam lsrsug fya;j
= hs¡

11

by; ,shk ,o ,sms ;=,ska Tng huslsis .egMjla mek ke.=ks kï Tng úuish yelshs¡fuys
fojks fldgi bosrsfhaos idlpsPd lruq¡fuys my;ska ioyka fjkafka Wïu.a. Pd;lfha
we;s we;eï l;d j,ska fmkajk wNHka;r O¾uhhs¡

Wusu.a. Pd;lh" Pd;l l;d "Wmud Wmfush ;=,;a Ñ;% leghus hkdosh ;=, i.jd we;s fn!oaO
o¾Ykh oelsfuka flfkl=g m%{dj u;=lr .; yelsh¡s fn!oaO o¾Ykhg wkqj ish,qu O¾u
ke;sú wjidkfha fkduefrk iq,q lrekq ;=kla b;srsfjhs¡th mj;sk ;ekla fkdue;¡tys woyi
bkaos%h O¾u uk iy Ñka;kh blaujk njhs¡fuu lrekq ;=k kus nqoO
a iajNdjh"uyd
m%{dj"wur hkakhs¡

fmd;am;a j, úia;r jYfhka flfrk p;=rdHh i;H" w¡h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h"oyia jrla lshq
j;a th oelsh fkdyel¡ksjk" oelsug m%{dj u;=lr .; hq;= neúka fuu Wmud Wmfush i;H
oelsug wjYH m%{dj u;=lr .eksug Wmldr fjhs¡nqoO
a foaYkdj jkafka udf.a O¾uh
m%{djka;hskag mukhs hkakhs¡
fuys oelafjk ld, f.da, m%Yakh"lels,af,a kvq ;skaoqj"f;dafohH nuqKdf.a l;dj" mq;% m%Yakh
;=,ska hus ;rulg m%{dj u;=lr .; yelsfjhs¡

ld, f.da, m%Yakh-

ld, f.da, i;a wjqreoaola ne, fufyjr lr osla;,dj ,nd.ks¡ld, f.da, keu;s fya;=M,
O¾uh i;a wjqreoaola ^bkao%shka fydoska úkaokh lr& ne, fufyjr lr Ñka;kh keu;s osla;,d
lr ldr neo.ks¡wei lk kdih osj lh uk hk bkaos%h O¾uhka l=vd orejd ;=, fya;= M,
O¾uhla f,i uq,ska ls%hd;aul fjhs¡orejd ;=, ls%hd;aul jkafka úYajfha mj;sk O¾u;djhhs¡
i;a wjqreoaola hk úg Ñka;kh neo .eksu ieu flfkl=gu isof
q jhs¡i;a wjqreoq wjidkfha
oslamsáhd fyj;a ilaldh osIaGsho meñksu isoqfjhs¡fuu m%Yakh Woa.; jkafka lejqus u,a,l=;a
iu. ld,f.da, osla;,d iu.ska uj mshd ne,sug ^kdu-rEm& hk .ufkaosh¡ osla msáhd ^ilaldh
osIaGh
s -msáh osla lrkakdhs& ^bkao%h
s 6 ¬ilaldh osIaGsh orejd ;=, f.dv ke.su ksid fya;=M,
oyu jk ld,f.da,f.a ls%hd;aulúu kj;s¡&.. .eUqre nj;a oe;s fudareka isák nj;a mjik
oslamsáhd nvq folla mukla tljr /f.k .f.ka tf.dv lrúh yels nj mjid osla;,d iy
lejqus u,a, mukla wrf.k f.dia .. ueo isg lejqus lhs¡ ;udg lejqus u,a,;a osla;,dj;a
wysñsjk nj oek.;a ld,f.da, ?flusjd ñfhusud hkqfjka is;d ..g neiai miq tys oe;s
fudreka ke;s nj oek .ks¡Tyq .f.ka tf.dv fjhs¡oslamsáhd iy osla;,d;a lejqus u,a,;a
yndf.k hk úg ufydaIO mKaä;hkaf.a uqr fin,qkag yiqfjhs¡ufydaIO mkaäs;hka ^m%{dj&
kvqj úiod lejqus u,a, iy osla;,d ld,f.da,g h,s ndrfohs¡fuu l;dfjka fmkajkafka
ixidrh ms<sno we;slr we;s nh ksid bkaos%h Orau úkaokh lsrsug fkdyels f,i fmkajd we;s
jeros Orauhhs¡ .f.ka

12

t;r jq miq ^fidajyka M,fhka miq& o ilaldh osIaGsfhka f;drj ish,q iem iusm;a wdmiq ,efnk
njh¡fidajyka M,ia; mqo.
a ,hd ;=, fya;= m, O¾uhla f,i lus iem ls%hd;aul úuhs¡

mq;% m%Yakh-

tla;rd ia;s%hla mqf;l= jvd f.k ufydaIO mKaä;hkaf.a fmdl=kg f.dia m<uqj mq;= kyjd
msrsio
s q fldg fros lv u;af;a ysoqjd kdkakg jq l,ays hlskk
a la meñk orejd /f.k hhs¡uj weh
,qyq nosk kuq;a fus uf.a orejdhs hlskak lshhs¡ufydaIO mKaä;hkaf.a pr mqreIhka meñk
fofokdu l=o,df.k f.dia ufydaIO mkavs;hkag Ndr fohs¡^m%{dj&ufydaIO mKaä;hka
m%Yakh úiohs¡brla weo orejd ;nd fome;a;g wosk f,i;a weo,d .;a ;eke;a;shg orejd
ysñfjk nj;a mKaä;hka lshhs¡orejd fjsokdfjka le .ik úg we;a; wusud orejd w;
yrsh¡s fus wkqj orejd ysñsúh hq;af;a hlskk
a gh¡ kuq;a ufydaIO mkaä;hka wikqfha orejka
flfrys ,h fudf,dla jkafka ldgo hkak úuid jeoq ujg hhs ls miq orejd kshu ujg
Ndrfohs¡fuys fmkajk O¾u;djh wdorh fifkyi lrekdj we;sj orejd ukiska w,a,df.k
isás ujgu orejd ysñúuhs¡kuq;a j¾;udkfha mj;sk oyug wkqj wNHka;rfhka uf.a orejd
hkqfjka w,a,d .;a wh jeros lrejka f,i i,ld ish,a, w;a yersh hq;= hhs mjihs¡i;aj
f,dalh ;=,o megjd wdrCId lr .eksug uj osú mroqjg ;nhs¡tys ls%hd;aul fjkafka Ñka;k
O¾uhla fkdfjhs¡th úYaj O¾uhls¡megjd ljd fmdjd we;s oeä lrk i;aj uj ;=, ls%hd;aul
jkafka Ñka;kfhka f;dr ye.sus iuqodhla¡wdorh lrekdj lmamdoq lrk wh fus ukqIH Psj;
s fha
;ukaf.a wvq nvq lmamdoq lr .kakjd yer olsk ksjkla fkdue;s fjhs¡nqoO
a foaYkdj yrshg
fkdoelsu iramfhl= jeros ;ekska we,a,su jeksh¡jeros f,i nqoO
a foaYkdj .eksfuka Pkhd
uq,dfjka uq,djgu m;afjh¡snqoaO foaYkdj ;=, uj;=, orejd flfrys;a orefjl= ;=, uj
flfrys;a mj;sk fifkyi iir neo ;nk nkaOkhla fkdfjhs¡

f;dafohH nuqKdf.a l;dj-

nqok
q a jykafia f;dafohH nuqkdf.a mq;df.a f.a ,.ska jäk úg n,af,la nqrhs¡f;da to;a ug ìrejd
wo;a nqrkjd hkqfjka nqok
q a jykafia lshd f.k jähs¡nuqKq mq;d fus isoaêh ;u odishf.ka oek
f.k l,amkd lrkqfha ^mqkremam;a;h
s ms<sf.k& fus n,a,d uf.a mshd úh hq;=hs¡ta ksihs nqoqka
jykafia f;da to;a ug ìrejd wo;a nqrkjd hkqfjka ioyka lrkak we;af;a ¡tfia kus mshd i.jd
we;s Okh fidhd .; yelsh¡s jyd nqok
q a yuqú fus .ek oek.; hq;=hs¡fus l;d mqj; bosrshg hk
úg nqoq flfkla ndysr Okj;l= úug wjYH iyfhda.h fohso¡wehs f;da to;a ìrejd wo;a
nqrkjd hhs lsfjs wehs¡wehs iqjo mekska kyjd n,a,d ksos fldg kskao hkak lsgg
s q jk úg Okh
flfyaohs wikak hkqfjka lsfjs hk m%Yak j,g wikakd ,lafjhs¡igyk

13

flá lr .eksug fuys ;sfnk o¾Ykh fláfhka fmkaúh yelshs¡wo fndfyda wh ;=, nqrk
n,a,d isá¡ta ksidu ú[a[dKfha ;sfnk ksjka oelsfus yelshdj u;= lr .; fkdyels fjhs¡ ud
fuu l;dj ;=,ska huslsis O¾uhla fmkajkak W;aiy lrk úg iuyreka ;=, nqrk n,a,ka
ls%hd;aulfjhs¡ta ksid fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsug ;ud ;=, isák nqrk n,a,d oel W! iqjo mekska
kyjd ksos lr .; hq;= fjhs¡tÑg ú[a[dKfha ;sfhk rx ydrd fohs¡nqok
q a wjidkfha nuqkq
mq;dg ydrd oqkafka mshd úiska i.jd ;snq Okhhs¡^uj }rEmh jk w;r mshd jkafka fjsokd ix{d
ixialdr ú[a[dK hk kdu O¾uhs& nqrk n,a,d ksos lrjd js[a[dKfha i.jd ;snq ksjka
oelsfus yelshdj u;=lr .;a nuqkq mq;d i;H oel iirska t;rjqks¡
lels,af,a kvq ;skaoqj-

lsisoq jrola fkdl, nv uy; uqo,d,s u.=,a we;= ,jd md.d uerefjs wehso hk m%Yakh tod fuka
woo ñksiqkag mj;sk WNf;dafldaál m%Yakhls¡fuu l;dj fmkajkafka fmrod rd;s% weo ye,qkq
jraIdfjka tla wfhl=f.a f.a úkdYfjhs¡fudyq fuh lels,af,a rPqg meñKs,s lrhs¡rPq f.a yeoq
jvqjd fuhg jeros lre lrhs¡jvqjd lshkqfha Tyq jeros lre fkdjk njhs¡fuys jvqjd kus
;kaydjhs¡ksoyig lrekq úuisfusos jvqjd lshkqfha ksji Yla;su;aj idod .; fkdyels jqfha
ueá wkk ,o l,fha lg weo ksid ueáyrshg wkd.; fkdyelsjq njh¡rPq jvqjd ksfodia fldg
l,h yeoq l=U,alre f.kajhs¡ fuys l=U,d hkq ixialdr O¾uhs¡túg l=U,alre lshkqfha Tyq
jrolre fkdj l,h yok úg tla;rd .eyekshla t;kska tyd fuyd .sh ksid ueá yrshg mous
fkdjq njh¡ta ksid .eyeksh th g jro lre nj Tyq lshhs¡fuys .eyeksh hkq Ñka;khhs¡ rPq
jvqjd l=U,alre ksoyia lrhs rPq .eyeksh f.kajhs¡wehf.ka ksoyig lrekq úuihs¡weh tyd
fuyd .sh kuq;a ;ud jroldrsh fkdjk nj;a tfia hdug isoj
q qfha rka lrejd úiska ;eksug oqka
wdnrK wehg fkd,enqkq ksid ks;r ks;r hdug isoq jq njhs¡fuys rkalrejd hkq ix[a[djhs
^ix{dj rEm Pdhdj lsisod fkd,efnhs ta fjkqjg ,efnkqfha kdu rEmhs&rPq wehj ^pska;kh&
ksfodia fldg rka lrejd f.kajhs¡ rka lrejd^ix{dj& jro ms<s.ks¡kuq;a Tyq lshkqfha ;ud
b;d fli. neúka u.=,a we;= ,jd md.d uersug iqoi
q q fkdjk nj;a k.rfha nv uy; uqo,d,s
thg iqoi
q q nj;ah¡^ix[dj lsisoq f,ilska fmdaIkh fkdjk úYaj O¾uhla neúka th
fli.h¡th mápsP iuqmamdohgo we;=,;a fldg fkdue;af;a ta ksihs& wjidkfha nv uy;
uqo,d,s u.=,a we;= ,jd urd ouhs¡nvuy; uqo,d,s kus mqrjd .;a jeros oekquhs¡ta wkqj
;kaydj"Ñka;kh"ix{dj"ixialdr jro lrejka fkdfjhs¡wo fndfydauhla ;kaydj jro lre
lr ix{dj fyda pska;kh jrolre ixialdr jrolre lr tajd ke;slr ksjka oelsug hhs¡ta
ksid Tn;=, ms,s.;a nuqkq O¾uh u.=,a we;= ,jd md.d uersh hq;=fjhs¡

2 fjks fldgi

Fuu fmdf;ys m<uqfjks fldgi Tn lshjqjd kus tys wjidkfha ioyka lrkq ,enqfjs fuf;la
ixidrh mqrd ms<s.;a O¾u ;sìu fya;= fldg f.k fuys ioyka jk o¾Ykh we;eus wh úiska
m%;sfCIm lsrsu úh yels njhs¡
Fuu fmd; lshjk Tn fuys ioyka lrk lrekq m%;sfCIm lrhs kus thg tla fya;j
= la jkafka
wefika oel lfkka wid ms<s.;a O¾u mej;su;a ;j;a fya;=jla jkfka fuys ioyka lrekq
.%ykh lr.eksug wjYH m%{dj u;= fkdjsuhs¡fldkla mqo.
a ,fhla ke;s ;ekl fujeks
m%;sfCImh lsrsula isoqfjs kus fus mek ke.su isoq lrkafka ljqo hk m%Yakh we;sfjhs¡

I;ajhd úiska .kq ,nk wdydr 4ls¡tajd kus ldn,sl Miai ufkda ixfps;kd ú[a[dK hk
wdydrhs¡fuu wdydr4 ka tlla jk ldn,sl wdydrh we ilk kdih osj lh hk bakos%hka yryd
isof
q jhs¡ldn,sl hkafkys woyi len,s jYfhka hkqh¡s wks;a wdydrh jkafka Miaihhs I;ajhd
ldn,sl wdydr mrsfNdPkh lrk w;r thska Miaih we;sfjhs¡th oka fok f,I ioyka
fjhs¡nqoqka jykafia fmkajkq ,enqfjs wdydr j,ska 4 ka tlla okafok f,ihs¡;j;a 4 ka tlla
lraudka;fha oshk
q qj ioyd fhdod .ks¡th ufkda ixfps;kd wdydrhhs¡;j;a 4 ka tlla u;=
m%fhdaPkh ioyd ;ekam;afjhs¡fuh js[a[dk wdydrhhs¡ ú[a[dKh hkak fláfhka yeoskaúh
yelafla u;= m%fhdaPkh ioyd ;ekam;a l, Okh fyda wdydrh f,ihs' i;ajhd .kakd wdydr
y;rlaa fjhs' ldn,sl wdydr "Miaih "ufkda ixfps;kd"

ú[a[dK "tu wdydrhs' ldn,sl wdydr hkq bkaos%h mfyka ,nd .kakd rEm YnsO" >kaO" ri
"iamrAYhs'th len,s jYfhka .efkk ksid ldn,sl fjhs¡ nqoq flfkla fuu wdydr y;r
fkd.kakd kuq;a msKv
a md;fhka hefmhs' tys woyi jkafka ldn,sl wdydr "Miaih "ufkda

ixfps;kd "ú[a[dK hk ukig .kakd wdydr nqoq flfkla fkd.kakd njhs' Okh jYfhka
ne¨úg i;ajhd ;u Okfhka y;frka tlla mdrsfNdPkh lrhs'^ldn,sl wdydr& ;j;a y;frka
tlla oka fohs '^Miaih& y;frka tlla l¾udka;h ioyd fhdojhs' ^ufkda ixfps;kd& wks;a
y;frka tl u;= m%fhdaPkh ioyd ;ekam;a lr .kshs' ^ú[a[dKh& fuu O¾u;d ;ud ;=,ska
m%d{dfjka oelsfuka flfkl=g i;H ud¾.hg wj;s¾k úh yel'

ú[a[dKfha fuu iajNdjh tkus u;= m%fhdaPkh ioyd ;ekam;a jk iajNdjh iir .ukg
fya;j
= fjhs¡fmr nqoq jrekaf.ka weiq O¾u ta ;=, ;ekam;aj we;s ksid hula ms,s.;a jsg fjk;a
hula m%;sfCIm lrhs¡;ud fkdoekqj;aj ;ekam;a jk ksid ;ukag oelsh fkdyels fjhs pska;kh
yryd mek k.sk jsg mukla th fmfkhs fus ksid nqok
q a jykafia js[a[dKh udhdjla f,I;a

th oraYkh fkdjkakla f,I;a fmkajhs nqoO

a foaYkdjg wkqj tlu js[a[dKhla Njfhka
Njh .uka fkdlrhs fya;= m%;H fjuska hk js[a[dKhla mj;sk nj nqoaO foaYkdj fmkajhs¡

ú[a[dKho jpk yryd úia;r l, fkdyelsh' th oelsh hq;=fjhs' ;ud ;=,ska nqoO
a oelsfusos
m%{dj my, jkafka ú[a[dKh ;=,h' ú[a[dKh ;=, we;s nqoO
a iajNdjh u;=lr .eksug
ndysrska wr.;a O¾u ndOdjla fjhs' ú[a[dKfha mj;sk rx ydrd .eksug fkdyels jk f,i
oekqfuka th jeis mj;s 'nqok
q a oji fmd;a m;a mrsYs,khla fkd;snq w;r oekqu .nvd
fkdflrek neúka iqkS;jekakka"fjYHdjka"ñkSurejka"i;aj >d;lhska "fidreka i;H oel
iir fl<jr lr.;af;ah' bkaos%hka yryd fudfyd;la mdid fmdaIKh jk ú[a[dKh
Wmdodkh fkdúug kus ;ud;=, we;s ilaldh osIaGsh oelsh hq;=fjhs 'WodyrKhla f,i
ú[a[dKh ;=, meje;aúh yels wfmaCIdjla jeks fohla foi n,uq' kuq;a th jpk jYfhka
fyda tf,iskau ;ekam;a fkdfjs' ffjrh hkq wfmaCIdjla neúka hus wfhla ;ud kd.fhlaj fyda
m<s.kakd nj is;k úg tf,iu .uka lrhs' i;=rd yuq Wfkd;a oIaG lrhs' kej;;a Nj .uk
hhs' th ksud fjkakg Pd;s f,i kej; fjkia úh hq;=h' fl<jr oelsh fkdyelsfjhs 'huslsis
flfkla ilaú;s rfPla jkakg m%¾:kd lrk úg ;ud ukiska f.dv ke.+ ilaú;s rP f,dalh
^ixialdr f,dalh& ú[a[dKh ;ekam;a lr fkd.ks' kuq;a hula isoqfjhs' th fuys ioyka
lsrsfuka ms<s.eksulg ,laúh yels neúka ioyka fkdlrñ' js[a[dKh udhdjla jkafka fus
ksihs'wP jD; f>da jD; rlsk ;u ifydaorhdg urKska miq l=ula isoqfjsoehs nqok
q a jykafiaf.ka
úuiq wjia:dfjsos nqok
q a jykafia ksyO jqks' lSm jrla weisfuka miq nqoqka jykafiaf.a ms<s;=r
jqfha hful=f.a m%d¾:kdj th kus tfia isoqjkq we;s hkakh '

uq,ska ioyka jq mrsos fn!oaO o¾Ykh ujs l=iska bmosula iy iusuq;s urKh ms<sno idlpsPd
fkdlrhs 'fn!oaO o¾Ykhg wkqj i;ajhd ;=, mj;skafk is;=ú,s urKhls 'th fudfyd;ska
fudfyd; isof
q jhs 'tl is;=ú,a,la we;sú uers ;j is;=ú,a,la Wmos ';o kskafoaos mxp
WmdodkialkaOhla fkdue;s neúka is;=ú,s Wm; iy urKh isoq fkdfjhs' ish,qu O¾u nUhla
muKjq fus Yrsrh ;=,ska fmkaúfusos ;srsika" fma%;" osjH" n%yau " iy ukqIHfhl= f,i bmosuo
fus Yrsrfhka ndysrj isoq fkdfjhs' ysko
a q oyug wkqj iusuq;s urKfhka miq ndysrj we;ehs
ms<s.;a f,dal j, bmosula fmkakqus lrk kuq;a nqoq flfkla fuu Wm; nUhla muKjq fus Yrsrh
;=,skau fmkajhs'

wkaXP ^ìPqjáka -Ñ[a[dKh ;=, bmosu& P,dnqP ^.¾NdYfha-fjsokd ialkaOfha bmosu&

ixfiaoP ^ixialdr O¾uj, bmosu& Tsmmd;sl ^ix{dfjs- bmosu& fuu Wmam;a;s i;r ;ud;=,ska
oelsh

yelsfjs'jfrl fjsokd ialkaOfha Wm; ,nk Tn fudfyd;lska .S;hla wiñka ix{dfjys Wm;
,nhs' th Tsm md;sl bmosuls'fndfyda fn!oaO l;d ;=, we;d" wYajhd" yrld iy isxyhd jeks
i;=ka f.a meje;au fmkajhs'fuu l;d fmkajkafka hg.sh oji n%yauo;a; rPq rdPHlrk
iufhah's hg.sh oji hkq nqoO
a iajNdjhg m;aúug fmr mej;s iuhhs';uka ;=,u oelsh yel'ta
ld,fha rP lrkafka n%yau o;a;hs' fuhska .jhdf.a iajNdjh jkafka ;K fld< wdydrhg
.eksu;a úplalh úpdrfhka f;drj .uka lsrsuh' f.dkd iy ;K fld< hkqfjka újdydrfha
fhfokafka fujeks iajNdjhla fmkaakqus lsrsughs 'wkqka lshk foh úpdrhlska f;drj

ms<s.kakd úg nUhla muk jq fus Yrsrh ;=, .jfhl=f.a iajNdjh Wmosh's we;dg úYd, Worhla
iy u;lhla o" wYajhd yS,E l, yels msrsisoq fmkqula we;s if;lao fjhs' isxyhd ;=, úplalh
úpdrh mj;sh's fndfyda úg W! l,amkdjl ksr; fjhs' nv msrs we;s úg ;ud bosrsmiska hk
if;l= jqj;a kslrefka fkdurhs'

^ukq i;d f,dafl bmos uxuq,d jqkd u.os&-uq,dj isoj

q qfka w;r u.os neúka f,dalh ksfrdaO lsrsfus
ls%hdj,sfhaos m<uqj ksoyia úh hq;af;a uq,dfjka wkqkaf.a oekqulska f.dv ke.+ ukfia isák
foúhka" osjH f,dal"hCIhka" N+;hkaf.ks'th fn!oaO o¾Ykh oelsug m%n, wdjrKhla we;s
lrhs'nqoq flfkla yskaoq O¾ufha tk fus ish,qu iajNdjhka nUhla muK jq fus Yrsrh ;=,
mj;sk nj fmkajhs'fojkqj úúO .=rejrekaf.a O¾u pl%hkag jeá ixidr pl%fhka ksoyiaúug
;ud ms<s.;a O¾u j,skao .=rejrhdf.kao wE;aú m%{dj u;= lr .; hq;=fjhs¡ta ioyd ielh
;¾l ú;¾lh wjYHfjhs¡

nqok
q a jykafiag ;ud oqgq o¾Ykh fmkajd osug isoj
q qfha foúhka nUqka ureka ms<s.;a
iudPhlh¡tu iudPfha ms<s.eksug wkqj osjH f,dal hkq iem muKla úkaokh lrk ia:dk
fjhs' wmdh oqla j,ska mukla msrekq ia:dkhla fjhs¡ukqIH f,dalh iem oql folu úosk
ia:dkhla ksid osjH iemo"wmdfha oqlo"fuysu ;sìsh hq;=h' osjH f,dalfha iajNdjhka fmd;a m;a
j, úia;r lr we;' tys ujs l=iska bmosula fyda urKhla fkdmj;shs' osjH f,dal j, my,ú
ld,h bl=;ajq úg pq;fjhs' ,iaik oshwe,s" kS, yrs; Whka" iqrx.kdúhka tys we;' ksjka oelsu
ioyd wdmiq fuf,djg meñKsh hq;=fjhs'n%yau f,dalj, we;af;a fuhg jvd fjkia iajNdjhls'
tys bkafka n%yauhka muks'—is; ñi lh ke;s nU f,dj i;rls is; ke;s uq;a lh we;s nU
;,hls˜fn!oaO o¾Ykhg wkqj fuu n%yau f,dal Ndjkdj jvd f.dv k.d .;a udkisl ;, ñi

fjhs'

iem muKla we;s ;ekla ;sìsh hq;= hk Wml,amkh u; osjH f,dalo" oql muKla we;s ;ekla
;sìh hq;=h hk moku u; wmdho iliaú we;' ysko
a q oyfus tk osjH f,dal nysrj we;ehs
ms<sf.k ixidrfha meje;au we;s lr .ks'iem wfmaCIdj ksid osjHf,dal lduh iys; f,dalhs¡
miqj úia;r jk fuu úkaokh lrk hduh ^ld,h& ;=is;h ^;=ka is;& ks¾udK r;sh ^;ud úiska
ks¾udKh lr úkaokh lrk& mr ks¾us; jYj¾;sh ^wkqka ks¾udKh lr ;uka úkaokh
lrk&;dj;sxih hkdos ;uka ;=, we;s ossjH f,dal iy udkisl ;, jk n%yau f,dal^rEmd jpr
n%yau f,dal 16 wrEmd jpr n%yau f,dal 4& iy osjHf,dal 6 i;r wmdh nUhla muK jq fus
Yrsrh ;=, ukiska f.dvke.+ 31 ;,hg wh;afjhs' nqok
q a jykafiaf.a Ys% m;=f,a we;s fo;sia uyd
mqreI ,CIK f,i fmkakqus l, wNHka;r O¾uh jkafka 31 ;,h blaujq njhs' tajd mqreI
,CIK jkafka 31 ;,h ia;%S ,CIK ^lefvk ìfok f,dal& jk neúks' tajd m%¾:kd fkdlrk
ia;s%hla fyda mqreIfhl= ksjka u. hk wIaG mqreI mqo.
a , fjhs'

iqk’; "flda,s; Wm;siai "odrepsPh "jekakka i;a O¾uh Y%jkh ùfuka ;ud isá ;ekska

ksoyiaù i;H oel iirska tf;r úh' nqok

q a jykafia iqks;f.ka úuiqfjs iqks; Tn Th jiqre
lo ìu ;nkakg leu;so hkakhs' jiqre lo hkq oekquhs' iqks; th ysi ;nd fkdf.k lf¾
;ndf.k .sh neúka ìu ;eìug myiqúh' flda,s; Wm;siaiksoyia fkdú isáfha fus f,dalfha
yiqrejkafkla we;ao hk .eg,qfjka ksid yiqrejkafkla ke;s nj;a fya;=M,hla ls%hd;aul jk
nj weisfuka i;a O¾uh Y%jkhúu isoj
q qks' odrepsPhg wykak ,enqfka nqoq flfkla O¾u foaYkd
lrk njhs' ta jkúg odrepsPh ish,q O¾u j,ska ksoyiaú isá w;r nqoq flfkl=g foaYkd lsrsug
we;s O¾uh l=ulao hk .eg,qjg uqyqk md isáf
s hah 'Tyq nqok
q a jykafiaf.ka b,a,d

isáf
s ha O¾uhla foaYkd lrk f,ihs' —oelald oelald mukhs" weiqjd weiqjd mukhs"˜ hkak
weisfuka O¾uhla fkdue;s nj oel ry;a jqks';ud ;=, nqof
a Odamdo ld,h ;ud ms<s.;a O¾u
fyj;a Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk O¾u ms<sno ielhg meñK i;H .fjSYKh ;=,ska {dK
my,úfuka isoqfjhs

m%Yak iy ms<s;=re

tla uy;auhl= fuu fmd; lshjd wid ;snq m%Yak iy iemhq ms<s;=r fuys ioyka fjhs'

1&m%Yakh-nqoq oyfus jeo.;alu we;af;a m%dfhda.sl ls%hdj,shlaùuhs'o¾Ykhg uQ,sl ;ek osfuka

m%dfhda.sl ls%hdj,sh hgm;aù nqoq oyu wj;lafiarejg ,lafjhs'

ms<s;=r- Tn;=ud ,shd we;s mrsosu fuh o¾Ykhg uq,a;eka oqka fmd;la' nqoq oyu ms<sno Tske;rus
fmd;a m;a ,shjqk;a fn!oaO o¾Ykh m%dfhda.slj oelsums<sno Wkkaoqjla olajk whg jeo.;a
jk fmd;a wvqh's mj;sk nqoq oyu ;=, if;la mqo.
a ,fhla wd;auhla ;sfhkjd' l,hq;= ls%hd
mßmdáhla ;sfhkjd' ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk O¾uhla ;sfhkjd'o¾Ykfhaos l,hq;+ lsisjlau
kE'fuh oelsula ta ioyd uq,sl jkafka m%{dj muKhs'kuq;a lsisjla lrkafk ke;=j bkak ñksiaiq
leu;s kE'ta ksid ksjka oelsu ioyd úúO ldhsl iy udkisl ls%hdldrlus j, fhfokjd¡o¾Ykh
olsk úg fus ish,qu ls%hdldrlus ksjk ioyd fya;= fkdjk nj oekf.k tajd;=, ;joqrg;a
fhosu k;r fjkjd¡ta ksid nqoq flfkla lsisoq lrf.k hk ls%hdj,shla kj;k f,i j;a fus
úosfya ls%hdldrs;j
a hl fhfok f,ij;a foaYkd lrkafka ke¡nqoO
a foaYkdj jkafka ;ud bkak
;ek oel uq,dfjka ksoyia jsuhs¡Ndjkd lrkakd;a Ndjkd fkdlrkakd;a huslsis ojil m%{dj
u;=lrf.k muKhs ksjk olskf
a ka¡

nqok
q a oji ilaldh osIaGsh úÑlspsPd yd is,nsn; mrdudi lshk ixfhdaPk 3 ksoyiajq fidajyka
M,h ,enqq úYd, Pkldhla isá nj b;sydifha ioyka fjkjd' Tjqka isáfha f.dú;eka n;a
lrñka wUqore fmdaIkh lrñka 'fus fmdf;a u;= lrk o¾Ykh thhs'th oelsug uq,ajkafka
m%{djhs'udOHh Y%jkhhs'tl, f.or .syska lrkak YS, Ndjkd jf.a ls%hdmgsmdgshlaj;a
lshjkak fmd;laj;a ;snqfk;a ke'

o¾Ykh oelsfus ls%hdj,sh jvd;a oqIalr jkafka ;ud ms<s.;a O¾u;d ;sìuhs'thg úreoaO hula
m%ldY lrk úg fldamh we;s fjkjd'w.aks NdroaOjdP ;ud ms<s.;a .sks foúhka msou
s g iqodkus
fjk fldg nqok
q a jykafia jäkjd oelsfuka fldamhg m;ajk
q d'ji,hd lsh, nekakd'miqj Tyq
ji, iq;%h weisfuka ud¾. M, ,enqjd'o¾Ykh oelsfus ls%hdj,sfhaos l,hq;= jkafka ms<s.kafk;a
ke;=j m%;sfCIam lrkafk;a ke;=j ne,suhs'tfia fkdlf,d;a .uk t;kska k;r fjkjd';ud
okak lrekq iy fmdf;a ;sfhk lrekq j,g tl. fkdjk úg fus hld fudkjd lshkjo okafk
ke lsh, kj;skjd 'oeka Tn uu lshk foa ms<s.;af;d;a Tn bjrhs'ms<sfkd.kak yskao Tn
bosrshg hkjd Tng oelsh yelso lsh, n,kak'tal ;uhs úh hq;af;a' nqok
q a wd,jl hCIhdg
lsjf
s js uu lshk foa ms<s.kak tmd fjk;a uyk nuqKka bkakjd wy, n,kak lsh,d'ld,du
iq;%fhkao ta nj lshfjkjd'ú;lal úpdrfhka f;drj flfkla lshkfoa wid ms<sf.k hk wh
;uhs wo bkafk'

2& f,dalh;a f,dal ksfrdOh;a nUhla mukjq fus Yrsrh ;=, mekjq nj we;a;ls'ñksia YrSrfhka
msg f,dalhla ke;s nj bka woyia fkdfjs'

uu lshd ;sfnkafka f,dalh wNHka;rfha f.dv kef.kjd' th uq,dfjka f.dv ke.s we,su .eáu
we;sfjkjd¡ oql hkqfjka fn!oaO oraYkh fmkajkafka Yrsrfha we;s jk fjsokd fkdj mxp
ialkaOh Wmdodkh lr.eksu ksid we;sjk oql th ;sfhkafka nUhla muk jq fus Yrsrh ;=,
f.dvk.d.;a f,dalfha'f,dalh l=vd orejd f.dvk.k wdldrh uu ,sshd ;sfnkjd'Tnf.a uj
fyda orejd isákafka ndysr hhs Tn is;=j;a Tn;=, isák nj Tn oelsh hq;=hs'f,dalhu Ñ;a;
ffp;sislhs¡ ish,a,u wNHka;rfha we;s nj Tng fmakak mgka .kakjd 'Tnf.a orejd hkqfjka
f.dv ke.s we;af;a kdu rEm ialkaOhla ^yevh .;s.+k we;=,q& ta orejd uf.a f,dalh ;=,
ke'Tnf.a f,dalfha mukhs bkafk'wNHka;r ndysr hkqfjka fohla fkdue;s jqj;a uq,sl
wä;d,u ilia lsrsfusos fufia ne,sh hq;=h's

Tn lshk l;dj uu ms<s.kakus ndysr ;sfhk Tn;=, ke;s tl fohla fmkajkak'

3& m%Yakh-O¾uh ms<sno ielhg meñKsu wei my,ùu f,i olajd ;sìu jerosh's

ksjk nuqkd úiska we;a l, miq%^fjsoh" foúhka "nUqka" ureka" Ndjkd l%u we;=,;a l, miq m%{d
is, iudê hkak is, iudê m%{d f,i fjkia l, miq& fn!oaO o¾Ykh fjkqjg nqoq oyu
ls%hd;aul fjkjd'ielh wjYHhhs uu lsfjs hfula fus ksjka oelsu ioyd lrf.k hk
ls%hdmgsmdgsh yrso th nqoO
a foaYkdjo thska ia:sr jYfhka ta n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjk foa ,nd .;
yelso hk ielhg meuskqfkd;a muKhs Tyqg ;j oqrg;a bosrshg hkak mqMjka'nqoO
a foaYkdj
f,i fmkajk fndfyda foa i;H jYfhkau nqoqka jykafiaf.a foaYkdjlao hkak fujeks úu¾Yk
j,ska ;udgu f;areus .; yels fjkjd¡ta ksid ;ud wkqkaf.ka wid ms<sf.k ;sfnk ish,qu O¾u
ms<sno ielhg meñksfuka wei my,ú ;ud ;=, {dK my,ú m%{dj my, fjkjd¡

m%Yakh

4& ;srsika i;df. Ñka;kh .ek wm lshkafka flfiao@nqok

q a jykafi;a l¾u úmdl j,g uqyqK
oqka nj ioyka fjkjd';srsika i;dg ;sfhk f,dl=u oql ksrka;rfhkau Nfhka isáuhs'

úYaj O¾u;djhla f,i wdydr"Nh"ffu;=kh"kskao% hk 4 ;srsika i;d ;=, ls%hd;aul fjkjd'

i;dg jg msg n,kjd Nfhka bkafk tal yrs' thsg jvd nfhka ukqIHd bkafka fldhs fj,dfj
uefrhso lshk nfhka urK ix{dj Wfoa iji fufkys lrñka ld,hg jeá, bkafka' ug oeka
jhi fumukhs ;j Psj;a fjkak ;sfhkafk jeäu Wfkd;a fupsprhs hkqfjka';srsika i;dg
Ñka;kh ke'ms<s.;a ld,hla kE' Tng n,q meáfhl= isá kus Tn oelsfuka hula W!g oefkkjd
weú;a bj

lr,;a n,kjd fus uf.a iajdñhdh hk Ñka;kfhka f;drhs' ku lsjsj .uka tkjd Ynso ix{dj
.kakjd' kuq;a okafk ke' fus uf.a ku lsh,'thg fya;=j wefika oel," fus l=ulaoehs lfkka
wy,d kdu rEm jYfhka ;ekam;a fjkafka kE'wefika oqgq foh fjku;a lfkka wik foh
fjku;a ksid wefika oel lfkka wid ilia lr.;a kdu rem j,ska ;srsika i;d ksoyiaix{dj
weiqre fldg Psj;a fjkjd'ta i;d bmoqk nj j;a Psj;a fjk njj;a uefrk nj j;a okafk ke'
i;=kaf.a ,sx.sl wdYdj mek k.skafka fydarafudk ls%hdldrs;j
a hla f,i ld,hlg mukla'
ukqIHhdg ld,hla fj,djla ke' th lrkafka Ñka;kh'i¾mhka jeks i;=ka w;.Ej;a oIaG
lrkjd fodaukiai iy.;hs'fus ál olskk
a Tnf.a w;aoelsus m%udKj;a fmdf;a fudk foa
;snqk;a'úúO i;=kaf. .;s ,CIK tlsfkldg fjkia'fmr l, l¾uhla úosk nj ms<s.kafk
ukqIHd muKhs'

nqok
q a jykafia .uka lrk wd;auhla iys; if;la bkak nj lsh, kE'o¾Ykfha .eUqrg hk
fldg nqok
q a jykafia lsjq foa meyeos,sj fmakjd' th uq;= fmdgla fuka tlsfklg weñKs fmakak
mgka .kakjd'nuqKq oyu fjkafjkjd';djld,slj Tn oelsh hq;=foa Tn fmr bmoqk nj j;a
iusuq;s urKfhka miqq bmfok njj;a Tng ,enqfka fldfyduo@ fus fudfydf;a thska ksoyia
jqfkd;a ;;ajh flnoqo hkakhs'

Tfns orejdg jhi wjqreoq 20la hhs is;kak'fus wjqreoq 20 ;=, Tfns mq;dfj,d fmdf,dfj je,s
leg .dkg^.sksh fkdyelsh&s bmos,d uers, ;sfhkjd'o¾Ykfhaos Wmoskafk uefrkafk is;=ú,s'
flfkla mqo.
a ,fhla fkfjhs'i;a;= fj,d bmos ;sfhkafka wm uy fndai;dfkda ta lshkafka
nqoú
q ug fmr'ta ld,fha rP lrkafka n%yau o;a;-nqoO
a o;a; fkdfjhs' Tno fus fudfydf;a i;H
oelafldla ñg fmr w,sfhla" f.dfkla" wYajfhla" joqfrla" isxyfhla" ú isá i;aj iajNdjhka
oelsh yelsh's úplal úpdrfhka f;drj hula ms,sf.k hk iajNdjh Tn;a uu;a ;=, ;snqk kus
ta f.dfkla f,i ysgmq ld,hhs'wdydrhg .;af; ;Kfld,-oekqu'ta ksihs th iolv myfk
ixfla;j;a lrkafk .skafkka miq i;=ka 4 fofkla hk .ukla ;sfhkjd';j;a wd.ul flfkla
ys;kj urfkka miafia iodld,sl Psjkhg hkj lsh, th;a oDIaGh
s la wms lshkjd tal jeroshs
kej; Wmoskj lsh, tal;a oDIaGshla muKhs'

5&úYaj O¾uh ;=, fydo krl kE lshk tl nqoaO foaYkdjg tl. kE hkqfjka ioyka ù ;sfnk
nj Tn lshkjd'

fuu fmdf;a ;sfnk oaú;ajh yd idfmaCI;djh ms,sno ,smsh th meyeos<s lrkj' fláfhka
fydo krl" mska mjs "iem oql jeks foaj,a wka: folla iys; tlla ksid tlla mj;sk ixialdr
O¾uhs'Tfns orejd fydohhs Tn lshkafka krl hehs ms<s.;a orefjl=g idfmaCIjhs'Tn fus

fudfydf;a iem hhs lshk foa ;j fudfyd;los iem ke;sj oqlla njg m;afjkjd'ta ksid nqoqka
jykafia lshkjd k wka:d kfiaú ;nsfnda hkqfjka tjeks wka: i;H jYfhka ke tajd fiajkh
fkdlrk f,i'kuq;a iudPfha Psj;aùu ioyd fusjd ;sìh hq;=h's o¾Ykh oelsfusos oaú;ajh iy
idfmaCI O¾u blauúh hq;=hs'túg uOHu m%;smodjg msúfikjd¡úYajfha isoj
q k ls%hdoduh fydo
krl hkqfjka fnod .kafka wmsh¡s iqkdñh jeks jHjikhlos l=vd orejd is,a rlskakd wmrdO
lrejd Y%ukhska ish,a,u fmdoqfjs uqyqog ì,s fjkjd¡l¾uh ms<s.;a ;eke;a;d fus isoj
q k
q úYaj
O¾uh fmr l, l¾uhla f,i ms,s.kakjd¡

6&nqoO
a foaYkdjlg wkqj Ñka;kfhka f;dr ix{djla ke;s nj Tn ioyka lrkjd'

Ñka;kfhka f;dr ix{djla ke fkdfjhs ix{dfjka f;dr Ñka;khla ke lshk tlhs yrs uf.a
jegysug wkqj' ix{dj ke;s lrkak ne' th úYaj O¾uhla talhs mápsP iuqmamdofha th wvx.=
fkdfjkafka' Ndjkdfjka by,g .shd f,i ie,flkafk wis; ;jqid Tyq fkajix{dkdix{d
lshk ;ek kej;=kd' Wm; urKh ;sfhkjd fudk Ndjkdj l,;a t;kska tydg hkak nE'

m%Ndiajr ukfia isák l=vd orejd n,kjd mxp bkao%shkag josk ix{d fudkjo lsh, t;k
;uhs f,dalfha wdrusNh'uk iy Ñka;kfha ls%hdldrs;ajfha wdrusNh¡ ix{dj fya;j
= la ksid
yg.kak tlla fkfjhs'th úYaj O¾uhla'w.a.{a[ iq;%fha wNHka;r O¾uh újD; lrk úg
orejd meñfkkafka wNIajr n%yau f,dalfha isg ^Ñka;kfhka f;drhs& fmdf<dj^rEmh&
wdydrhg .kak tkafka ^rEm YnsO .kaO ri iam¾Y hk rEmhka & ;ud;=, we;s O¾uj,g
idfmaCIj n,kafk ke;=j iajhx nqoê
a sfhka ne,sh yelsh's

7&;u Okh 4 wdldrfhka úhous lrk f,i nqoqka foaYkd l, nj;a 1$4la ú[a[dKh ioyd
fhduq lrk f,i nqoqka lshho hkak'

nqoq flfkla fyda ry;ka jykafia flfkla ndysr O¾uhla foaYkd lrkafka ke'kuq;a wNHka;r
O¾uh újD; lrkak nE o¾Ykh oelmq wh úr, ksid'Pd;l l;dj,;a yx.,d ;sfhkafk
o¾Ykh' kuq;a wmsg wykak ,efnkafk ndysr l;dj'ñysoq uy ry;ka jykafia wU mek f,i
wikafka wNHka;r O¾uhla' thska rPq ms<sf.k we;s ixialdr f,dalh ry;ka jykafia olskjd
'wU .ia ;sfhkjd kEfhda fkdkEfhda bkakjd wjidkfha pl%ldrj weú;a uu bkakjd hk ;ek
kj;skjd'nqoq flfkla 1$4 b;=re lrkak 1$4 la oka fokak lshkafk ke'th wdra:l
s
jsoHd{fhl=f.a ld¾hhhs'tfyu lsjj
s kus ta O¾uh fndre fjkjd'1$4 la b;=re lr, 1$4 la
oka oqkafkd;a lkak ke;=j uefrkj'Tn Wmhd .;a Okh uqo,a fkdfjhs Tn Wmhd .kak Okh
ldn,sl wdydr"Miaih"ufkda ixfps;kd"iy ú[a[dK hk i;rhs¡ fuhska ldn,sl wdydr j,ska
hefmkjd¡ldn,sl wdydr hkq len,s jYfhka bkao%shka my ,nd .kakd rEm YnsO .kaO ri

iam¾Y hk wdydrhs¡Miai wdydrh oka fkdoqkafkd;a fma%;fhl= fjkjd¡fuh uers Wmosk ;;ajhla
fkdfjhs¡ta ksid Miaih oka osh hq;=hs¡ufkda ixfps;kd l¾udka;fha oshk
q qjg fhofjkjd¡fuhska
meje;au fmkajkjd¡b;=re wdydrh u;= m%fhdaPkh ioyd ;ekam;a fjkjd¡th ;ekam;a fjkafka
ú{a[dKfha¡th ;uhs ?f.k hkafka¡

8&odrepsh ish,qu O¾u j,ska ksoyia fj,d isáhd kus wehs nqoqka f.ka wid ry;a jqfha'
odreph ish,q O¾u j,ska ksoyia fj,d isáhd'weoka isáfha uerekq or m;=re ^O¾u hkq Ordf.k
Wiq,df.k hk w¾:fhka .kak&odreph ish,qu O¾u ysia lr, ysáfh¡ ysi¡a kej fmr,s f.dv
ìug wd núka fmkajkafka ú[a[dKh ysia l, njhs¡tfia úug fya;= jqfka ixidrh mqrd oelald
oelald mukhs wdos jYfhka m%.=k lsrsuhs¡ kuq;a nqoq flfkla O¾uhla foaYkd lrkjd hkak weis
ta fudloao hk m%Yakhg wdjd'Tyq m%.=k l, foa ms,snoj Tyq ysáfhaielfhka¡th fmkajkjd
foaj;dfjla meñk Tn ry;aú ke hkqfjka lshq nj ;=,ska¡ O¾uhla ;sfhkjdo keoao hk
m%Yakfhka ksoyia fkdú isá ksid nqok
q a yuqjg weú;a wfka ug O¾uhla foaYkd lrkak hkqfjka
weúá,s lrkjd¡nqok
q a jykafia Tyq isák ;eku ta;a;= .efkk f,i O¾uhla ke;s nj—oelald
oelald mukhs˜weiqjd weiqjd muKhs hkqfjka foaYkd lrkjd¡ O¾uhla foaYkd l,d fkfjhs
O¾uhla ke;s nj ikd: l,d't;kos ry;a jqkd uyk fjkakg fros lE,a,la fydhd hkfldg
f.dkd wekakd'^fya;=jla ;sfhkjd wkskak& Tyq ry;a jqk;a flfkl=g foaYkd lrkakg fohla
b;srú
s ke¡Tyq isjqre ord .;a;;a Tyq ;=, foaYkd lsrsug fohla ke¡hus flfkla odrephg nqok
q a
jykafia foaYkd l, O¾uh wkq.ukh lf,d;a Tyq uq,djg m;a fjkjd¡ta O¾uh yrs hkafka
odreph flfkl=g muKhs¡

9&nqoq oyfus wkqkaf.ka wid ms<s.eksula ke lshk tl jeroshs lshd Tn ioyka lrkjd'

ms<s.eksu iy úYajdi lsrsu wks;a wd.usj, ;sfhkjd'nqoO

a d.fu;a ;sfhkjd'kuq;a ksjros
fn!oaO o¾Ykh ;=, kE'miaj. uykqka nqok
q af.ka wid lsisjla ms<s.;af;ke'uq,ska nqoqka jykafia
fojrla im: lrkjd uu ñka fmr Tn,dg nqoq jqk nj lshd ;sfnkjdo wdos jYfhka'tfia kus
wid n,uq hkqfjka ys;, ;uhs ijka oqkafka —olskjd˜— ms<s.kakj˜ lshk jpk 2 b;d jeo.;a
ousila mej;=us iq;%h wjidkfha m%;sM,h 1$5 fldkav{a[ muKhs wei my, lr .kafka
ms<s.;af; ke'wks;a 4 fokdg nersjqkd'ta wh ms<s.;af; ke ta whg olskak nersjqk ksid'hula
fkdoel ms<s.;aúg idfmaCI;djhg wyqfjkjd¡th kej; fjkia fjkjd fjk;a O¾uhla
weisfuka¡

10&i;r i;smgsGdkhksjrosj jvk úg Ñka;kfhka f;dr ix{djla .ek lshfjkafk kE

i;r i;smgsGdkh fujeks ,smshlska úia;r l, fkdyelshs' wo ldfha ldhdkq miaikdj lshd
jvkafka lfha jdih lsrsula fkdj Ñka;kfha jdih lsrsula' lfhys jdih lrkjd hehs is;k
úgu hkafka Ñka;khghs isysh lfhys msysgjkak nE ud¾. i;Hhg jefgk f;la i;a;= 6 fokd

yh me;a;lg woskjd isysh msysgjkak nE lfhys' lfhys jdih lrk úg ufkakao%sh iu.
ish,qu bkaos%hka ls%hd;aul fkdúh hq;=h'lfhys jdih lsrsula fkdue;sj fjsokdkqmiaikd ps;a;
Ousudkq miaikd jeäh fkdyelsfjhs'wksl=;a Ndjkd n,k úg uu mdoh Wiaiñ lsjf
s jd;a is;
mj;ajkafk ;ud ;=, we;s uerekq O¾u ;=,'is,a /lal;a Ndjkd l,;a m%;sM,h tluhs'kys iS,
j;x fyda;s WmmPP;s ;;d.; ^is, jD; lshdosug nqoq flfkla tkafk kE&

11&l¾uh i;=ka uersu ms<sno wkH wd.us iusnkaO lr l, ú.%h jeroshs

f,dalh ;=, mj;skafka ls%hdjhs'th ukiska .;al, l¾uhla fjhs'i;aj mqoa., oDIaGh
s ksid
;ukq;a if;lah urkafka if;lah hkak ms<s.ks'fldáhd ;=, i;aj mqoa., oDIaGh
s fkdue;s ksid
uqjd urdf.k lhs'Wf.a wdydrh thhs l¾uhla isoq fkdfjs'l=vd orejdo iuk,fhl=
urhs'f,daNh oafjsYh fudayh ;snqk muKska l¾uhla isoq fkdfjhs'i;aj mqo.
a , oDIaGf
s hka
f;drj isoj
q k l¾uhla fkdue;sh's o¾Ykhg wkqj l¾uh lrkafkla úoskafkla
fkdue;sfjhs'fps;kdyx NlaLfjs lusux jodñ wkqj lruh lrkafkla bkakjd' lhska jpkfhka
is;ska lrau lrkjd' lrauiai ldrflda k;:s Ñmdliail fjsoflda t;k lrauh lrkafkla ke
úmdl úoskafkl=;a ke mj;skafka Y=oaO Orauhla' lusuiaifldausys "lusu odhdfoda "lusu fhdaks"
lusu nkaOq "lusu mgsirfkda "hx lusux lrsiaidus l,Hkxjd mdmlx jd ;iai odhdfoda
Njsiaidusks wkqj i;aj mqo.
a , oDIagsh iys; fps;kdfjka lrauh Wmam;a;sh ,nhs^lrau
fhdak&s fps;kdfjka lrauh ;ukaf.a hd,qfjla lr.ks' ^lrau nkaOq& uq,djlajq fps;kdfjka lrauh
;ukaf.a odhdohla lr.ks ^lusu odhdfoda&th Tn b,a,d .;a odhdohls' l¾uh iy l¾uM,h
tljr mek k.skakla¡ld,h ms<s.;aúg th folla fjkjd¡ta wkqj uq, skau l¾uhla l,d hehs
is;kjd¡úmdlh n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hkjd¡tl;ek isoj
q q fohla f,i olsk úg l¾ufhkao
úmdlfhkao ksoyia fjkjd¡

mgdpdrd jia;=j lels,af,a kvq ;skaoqj Wusu.a. Pd;slh iy ish,qu Pd;l l;dj, o¾Ykh
yx.d ;sfhkjd miq ldf,l m%{djka;hska ìysús újD; lr.ks hk úYajdifhka'mgdpdrd jia;=j
;=, fmkakqus lrk o¾Ykh iajdus mqreIhd isys uqraPd fjkjd^ilaldh osIaGsh& uj mshd
uefrkjd^kdu rEm& fmrod Wmka orejd Wl=iaid wyig f.k hkjd^ rEm rd. wrEm rd. udk
WoaopsP wjsoHd hk uk O¾u my& f,dl= orejd ixidr id.rfhau .yf.k hkjd^ilaldh osIaGh
s
úpslspP
s d is,nsn; mrdudi ldurd. má>-pska;k O¾u my iys; orejd&mgdpdrd ksrej;aj
nqok
q a olskjd¡ ish,qu weo.;a i,qms<s ^O¾u& ke;s jqkdu t;kska .uk bjrhs nqok
q a uqk .efikjd
ndysr fkfjhs wNHka;rh n,kak nqoO
a iajNdjh ;ukag o¾Ykh fjkjd'lels,af,a kvqfjsos
urkafka nv uy; uqo,d,s ^oekqu& oekqu jeros lrehs' f.a yeoq jvqjd^;kaydj& rka lrejd
^ix{dj& tyd fuyd hk .eyeksh ^Ñka;kh & jeros lrejka fjkafk ke'

i;a Orauh Y%jkh fjkjd th wefikafka wNHka;rhg' nqok

q a jykafia wd,jl hldg lsjsfjs
uu fus lshk foa ms,sno ielhla we;akus ;j;a uyk nuqkka bkakjd wykak lsh, ld,du iq;%fha
lshkafk;a ms,s.kak tmd lshk tlhs' i;a Orauh foaYkd lrk flfkla ke nqoq flfkla foaYkd
lrkafk;a ke'th Y%jkh fjkjd ;ud isák ;ekska ksoyia fjkak nqoq flfkla wyk m%yakhlg
W;a;r fokjd mukhs'

ta ielh m%Odkhs oraYkh olskk

a g talhs uu ,sjf
s j Ordf.k Wiq,df.k hk Orau flfrys
ielhg meusKh
s hq;=hs lsh,d nqoq flfkla Orauhla foaYkd lrkAfkkE'

13&plal=x Womdos hkq ielh my,úula fkdj i;H oelsuhs-plal=x Womdos wei my,úu¡ fuysos
fmkajkafka ;ud ms<s.;a lrf.k hk O¾u ms,sno ielhg meñKsu hkqfjka¡isoy
q ;a ;jqidf.a
ierháh j;=rg jeá j;=r le,Uqk miq wNHka;rh we;s hula fmkqkd ;ud fidhk m%NdIajr
ukio iqM foalska ke;s fjk nj' isoy
q ;a ;jqid fu;kos ielhg meñK oqIalr ls%hdj w;
yrskjd muKhs' oeka .=rejrh;a ke hkak udra.hl=;a keye'Bg miq úkdjla jdokh lrk
;reKshla olskjd ukrus iqoq je,s ;,d wdydr .eksug fidoqre .usudkhla is;a .kakd jk
mshi wdmyq bkao%shkag tkjd Bg miq ld,hla wdydr .kakjd'fus ld,h ;=, isoy
q ;a ;jqidg Wojs
lf,a iqPd;d isgq oshksh muKhs¡miq ld,hl {dK my,ú" m%{dj my,ù úoH wdf,daflda f,i
.uklska miq nqoq nj ,nkjd'

14&;ud ;=,ska i;H olskafka mfia nqoqjre lshd Tn ;=ud lshkjd'

nqok
q a fidhd .;a oraYkh ;sfhkjd úf,damkh fj,d' th u;= lr.;a úg Tn;=, ;sfhk nqoê
a h
we;s nqoO
a foaYkdj olskk
a g¡ld,;%hlska f;drj olskjd'fus fudfydf;a fus isák
wdldrfhkau'by; lrekq idlpsPd lsrsfuka flfkl=g m%{dj u;= lr .kakg yelsh¡s oqIalr ls%hd
lrkafk ke'f.!;u nqoqka foaYkd l, o¾Ykh m%{a[dfjka olso ffu;s% nqoqka olskjd'ta ksihs
f.!;u nqok
q a ùhHdêlhs ffu;s% nqok
q a m%{dêlhs hkqfjka ioyka fjkafka 'mfia nqoO
a iajNdjh
fuys iusmq¾Kfhkau idlpsPd l, fkdyelsh¡s fláfhka wid oek.;a fohlaj;a foaYkd l, yels
fohlaj;a t;k ke¡iusud iusnqoq jrfhl= my, fjk úg mfia nqoj
q re msrskj
s ka mdkjd¡fmd;a
m;a j, ioyka jk f,i mfia nqoj
q re wdydr ys.fhka fmf,kjd¡js[a[dkh ysi¡a msvq is.d
jäkjd mqPd l, foa mjd wdmiq wr .kakjd¡^l=i Pd;lh&