sSJEPPESEN. AIRFRAME WORKBOOKi Support Materials Look for these suppor materials to complement your ABP Technician Aiframe Workbook: + ARPTechnlclan Airframe Textbook ‘A&P Technician Airframe Study Guide + Federal Aviation Regulations + AC 43.13-1B/28 Acceptable Methods, Techniques and Practices/Airraft ‘Alterations + Alrraft Technical Dictionary + Standard Aviaton Maintenance Handbook “Toese items are among the wide variety of Jeppesen reterence materials avaible though your authorizes Jeppesen Dealer. if there sno Joppesen Deslerin your area, you can contac us dec Jeppesen Sanderson Sanderson Training Systems 55 Invornass Dsvo East Englewood, CO 80112-5408 ‘rn joppesen.comPREFACE. ‘The A&P Technician Airframe Wortbook is designed to help you check your understanding of the ‘material you studied in the ABP Technician Textbook. Each exercise ls correlated with a specific textbook chaptar and section. The workbook contains multiple choles, truefase, matching, and Completion exercises. To answer the multiple choice questions, eile tho letter of the correct choice. Fill In the appropriate blanks to answer the other questions. Further instructions are frowided, when nacaccary’ The answers to all af the exercises are grouped inthe Anewor Section st the back ofthis BookTABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 Aircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging Section A Aircraft Design and Construction Section 5 Aiplane Assombly and Figoing Secon Fundamentals of Rotary Wing Areraft ‘Sheet Metal Structures Section A Metalic Arraft Construction Section 8 ‘Shoot Metal Tools and Fastonecs Seaton Shee! Metal Fabrication Section inspection and Repat of Metalic Aerat Stuctues Wood, Composite, and Transparent Plastic. Structures ‘Section A” Aeraft Wood Structures Section B Composite Stuctures Secton Transparent Plastic Materials Aircraft Welding Secon A Welding Processes Secon Advanced Welding ane Repairs Section Basie Gas Welding Aircraft Fabric Covering ‘Seaton A. Fabre Covering Processes Section 8 Covering Procodures Section C Inspection and Repair of Fabric Covering Aircraft Painting and Finishing ‘Section A Fabric Fishing Processes Section & _Arrat Painting Processes Seaton Finishing Equipment and Safety Airframe Electrical Systems Section A Alrbomne Sources of Electical Power Seaton Aircraft Electneal Creuts Seaton Wiring instalation Secon Electrical Systam Components Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems ‘Section A Princpes of Hydraulic Power Section 8 Hydraulic System Components and Design Secton —_Hydraule Poner Systems SectonD Alrrat Pneumatic Systems R gry at ot 32 37 44 4 a “ 54 54 52 5a et 1 62 74 a 7 78 7 a BA 83 Ba 86CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13, CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 Aircraft Landing Gear Systems ‘Section A Landing Gea’ Systems and Maintenance Section 8 Areraf Brakes Section C —Aerat Tires and Tubos Position And Warning Systems Section A Aniskid Brake Control System SectonB Indicating and Waring Systems Aircraft Instrument Systems Secon A Principles of instrument Systems Section 8 Instrument Systom instalation and Maintenance Practices, Aircraft Avionics Systems ‘Section A Avinies Fundamentals Section 8 Autopilots And Fight Directors Section Installation And Mainionance of Avionics Airframe Ice And Rain Control Sesion A. Airrame lee Conta Systems Section B Rain Control Systeme Cabin Atmosphere Control ‘Section A Fight Physiology Section 8 Oxygen Ard Pressurzation Systeme Section Cabin Climate Conta Systems Aircraft Fuel Systems ‘Section A Aviation Fuels and Fuel System Requirements Section Fuel System Operation Section Fuel System Repair, Testing, and Servicing Fire Protection Systems Section A Fre Detection Section Fire-Extinguishing Systems Aircraft Airworthiness Inspection Secon A Required Airworthiness Inspections Secon 8 Inspection Guidelines ané Procedures Secon _Airerat Maintenance Records on on re} 10-4 toa 102 4 ns 424 faa 124 125 134 134 33 144 “4 at 143 154 154 152 155 164 161 163 wa 4 3 14AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING ‘SECTION A AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ary silanes usualy wed a a wind is known asthe ange of wieste x egion of_ Wo presse above he ataches he sus to give the wing the aerodynamic shape it needs ta proce it? crafts ually located (ahead or being) the ete oAircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 1, Milled skins for high-speed aircraft may be proded by conventional machining ory ailing. by machining 14, Laminated terials suchas onde honeycomb ace used for srr streture because they provide maximum as cl aa fvorble strength to weight alo 15, Conto sures are balanced hut ther centerof gratis (ahead ofr bein) the hinge le. 16 ‘Stitines ofthe thin set met covering fra como sufice maybe increased by the seta skin 17, The thee primary contls of i iplane ae » 16 On jet uanspon strat equiped with vo sts of ales, oly the ‘outboard sileron i used rir high-spood gt 19. Ae {sa convol device tht dss i by dstuping the srlow over a par of the wing 20, The primary pupae of winglets 0 impeone by ring by ising the a (haunt) are pais of smal, low spectator etions mounted on the upersrtice of wing top high-energy ir down to the surface to prevent shock induced separation. 22, The sembly of tal sures of an sizplane is alle the - 23, The extension ofthe veri eablizer tat may extend aly othe cabin sevon is krown a (0), te 24, An all movable horizon ilsrfce i called) 25, An albmovabl til surfice usally as large th insted on ts walling edge. Tiss known a (0) (ero o anise tb 26, The movable surfioes ona V i design are known as, 27. The wings, il engine and lating gear reattached to the boy of en icra, which scala tbe 28. na (ator Waren) iss isla, the stays carry only the esi odsAirroft Structural Assembly and Rigging A 29, Boh ens and compressive lous ae carried inthe diagonal member of (rat or Warren) alae 30, Airrat sing a ales ype lading gear configuration ae als called pearaiplanes 31. Airraft sing nosewheel ype landing gear coniguraton ae also called _w sielanes. 232, When a landing gous rected ia the ste, the (orator nce drag is rect 33, Teday, lmostall piston powerdaiplanesenlose the engine in a) coming 54, Heat is emoved rom the eylinden of an scold engine hy forcing arto Now trough — or teins, 135, The amount of sirlow though the ins of high-powered engine i usally contol by there 36, Cov Maps ae normally {open o closed) during ground operations 37, The vo mest common locations rbot or uot engin nstlaons re: ® SECTION B AIRPLANE ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING 1. The the axes ofan pane ae » _ or 2, Thesilerans rotate an plane aba its i 3, Theclevatorsrotteansmplae abut is__ Lis 4. Therdder will eae a aera about is ais s. The June to overcome te eet of ileon dg.Alroraft Structural and 6, Theewotypesof sailiyexhbited by an aircraft ae 6 7. About which ofthe hee axesf an smplane do cach ofthese iems provide stability 1 Horizon i surfs: Dita in he wing: «Vesti fino the ai The xd horizontal al ure ie called he orion 9, The movable orizonta tilsufaces are called the 10, The ti oad ofan airplane in eve ight nomally act {upward or downva). 11, When he contol whee ofthe aircraft is pulled back, the ling edge ofthe elevator moves (por down), 12, Anclevatordonnspring is sao provide # mechanical ore onthe elevators ay a sat ator whon te aplae is ‘oven with te cemerof erat nearits {forward resent 13, fall pshes the contol yeke forward the ling edge ofa stable will move {oper dows) 14, Tonk an silane tthe rat, the aileron on the iht wing moves (opor down) 15. The two aileron tllranks areconnected by a cable, 16, The emporary movement of th nose of an selan oward the wing thats sing atthe begining oF tum is caused y 17. Which iter raels a greater distance, th one moving up or the one moving down? The one moving (up or down), 18 AG) -tye aileron bas its hinge ine lsat fr enh back hat ts eadng edge wil protude blow the wing sure when she aleron is ised 19, Many silanes ue adders compensate for aileron drag. 20, Depressing the right rudder pol will move the ling edge of he ae othe ght octet 21. Ata) is wunly mounted on a sont srfice to cot for an out-of tri condition. 22, A balance ab moves inthe (ame or opposite) rection asthe contra srice to which ‘tisatchesAircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 16 23, Sabre re nomally esuippes with (servo or ant-serv0) a 24, Am ani-sero tb moves inthe {amo or opposite) direction a the contol srice 0 whic itis tached. 25, Aservo tb movesin the (same or opposite) direction asthe ont! sree o which it iatached, 26. A spring ab moves only when the contol Fores are (igh oro. 27. Large spans, which lize an ajable sail, moe he leading edge ofthe saber up o own by means of 28, Moving the lading edge ofan adjstablesbilzer up rims the plane nas. por down), 29, When wing Maps are lowered, he increase both he it and the - thai produced bythe wing 30. When plain Naps ae lowered, hey __ _—fncease or decrease) the camber ofthe wing 31 (ora) Maps are used to proven the srflow fom breaking away om the upper surfaces when he aps re aly extended 32. Ate) (shape) Nop ries out ofthe tiling edge ofthe wing on wack and inreses ho ‘wing are as wellas its camber 33, A fined (slot or sat) ducts ar over the tap ofthe wing koxp the eon Map efetive and provide later contol daring most of sal. 34. Leading esas may be extent by ae of two methods. Wha ae these methods? ® 38, A ening edge Map neeases the ofthe wing 36, Mealy. wing shoud fst tal at ibe {000 oti. 537. Asal strips smal angular stip of metal or rubber nae on he leading edge of wing {atte wing root or ahead ofthe sileron 38, Thedieronce in pressure between the lower and upper ssfices of wing causa to spill ve he wing pnd16 Aliroraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 59, Wing ip vortices crete dragand reduce MP espilly at. (igh or ow) angles of atc and (high low) srspoe 0. ___ ste popular metho of onlin wing tp vortices on moder, high-speed aera, a {sa simple method to top, or reduce, the spanwise ow of iron wing. 42, Alifingsrfice locate tthe foot fan airplane tat replaces a conventional horizontal stabilizers called @ 43, Hylauically boosted contol stems we (oversbe or ereversible) inputs to prevent contol surface butting fom being ack tte plo. 44, Two gps of devices used by the Boving 747 for lateral conto re: 6 45, The Bocng 747 has {how many) independent adders to provide yaw cot 46, Butoh ols prevented inthe Boeing 77 by the us of fn). 447, What wo devices, other tune wiple-sloaed Fowler Maps, ler the camber of «Boeing 74 wing when the aps are lowered? ® 48, Conto surface travel speifcions fora pricular make and model fire may be found in what FAA publication? 49. wing isaid tobe {ashen or washed-out iit s rigged to reduce isang of incidence ad dees ti 50. Some arf aileron systems re rgae So that when thee in load bth ailerons wil be afew degres blow the reling edge ofthe wing. Thisis known as ieron 5, Fillin th stand numer designation fr each ofthese cable types: 1 Nonflexible or Flexible . ExtaflesbleAircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 17 52, Wha peices uF el ease mye ob wi ech oF ese trans? a. Wovensplize _% 1b. Niopress love % ‘8, After iastaliag the trial on acon abl, it shouldbe sujet to a proof aad et, whichis — Gat perce ofthe breaking tenth of the cable ‘4. Airraf contol ables shouldbe arefllyeheckd for what wo defects? » 55, Fired {nay or may not he wed to change the destin ofa cable 56, Using the cable tension chart in gure 1-86 of the Jeppson A&P Technician Arframe Txt, ithe ort sion forthe following conditions: 2 3116inch 7X19 cable whan adjusted at 0 degrees Fabri. pons 1b. iach 7X19 cable whenadjsod at 0 depres Fahrenheit = pounds hind 7X19 cable whenadjsted at 90 degrees Fahrenheit = pounds 4, 106inch 77 cable when adjusted tT degrees Fabrebeit = pounds 57, For tumbuckle to develop its fl stent, thee must be no more han (ow many) treads exposed tithe end of de are 58, When aty-niving 2 tumbuchle, you should have test ow many) fall wraps of| ite around the shank before the wire ic of 59. When nstaling tree rod end tings for push pl type controls you can pss pec of safety wir though the heck hole, th rod end (Gs ris no seri far enough (60, When the upper wing of biplanes ahead ofthe lower wins, the span is sid to have {postive or negative) sags. (61, The ference hetween the angle of incidence Between the wo wings fs iplne i owns (62, Thesteunlined wires on biplane tht un fom the center ston tothe iterplane stat on the lower wing ae calle he (yng oe anding) wes. (63, When assembling bps the (upper lower wing panel ae installed Fst oA is completed when jet tensor tkes of x prestorzd, then depresurizs and lands,18 Aircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 65. The structure fet transports may become weakened over ine by 66. After transport sirraft has enn sevice Fors specified numberof yer has scutes number of ples itt undergo a sere of, and aspartof be SECTION C FUNDAMENTALS OF ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT. 1. Theraae ofan autogio s tuned by Fees 2, Tongue of th ain oor is cmpensted on singleotrlicopler by the use ofan) 3. Two ways of counteracting tue fom 2 dual-ote helicopter system are: eo _ 4 Rigid rotrsystms have movement only aboot heir (Pap, dag, eater axis. 5S. The fourfxces ating on a hefcoper oor are: 6. Most iopters se a) (eymmetical or asymmetrical srl ston, 7. What arth gyroscope fresh act onthe spinning roar fa helicopter? bo — 5 {precession or cova fect eases the oor it 90 degrees way fom the pont he contra force is pie.Aircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 19 ¥ precession oconois eet causes a oor lade 1 attempt speedup a tape ap sd moves its cee of mass clos fo the or mas. 10, Coriolis fest is minimize on a emirgi rotor by using an (ondersing o oft) hu. 11. Ground eet is nomallyconsdared to extend upward fom the surface about (ovat potion) oF arto span 12, Whats meant by he abbreviate OGE? 13, Whats meant by he abrevitioe 1G? 14. The holier lade thal moves inthe sume destin that he helicopters moving i calle the (evancng or reeaing) bade 15, Ablicoter experiences disymery of during (hovering oe feward) Hight 16, Dissymtry of i is compensated fo by lade sod _ 17, A betcoper tor normaly stalls nthe, (atvancing retreating) bad 18, Anelicoper rotor stals in (igh rom) spond ight 19, Lit produced bya helicopter ror system because of forward igh called 20, Wahelicoter experiences engine flr, the rots by an aerodyamie fore known 8 he fos, 21, Daring powered ight alow cag the rte {upward or downward 22. During auterottin, he alow tough the oto ofa helicopter i (upward or downward 23, Thehlicopter conto that changes the phen ll the rotor blades athe same time is ele the Pitch contol 24, Inonder to maintain constant roter RPM, engine power must be changed every ime the pic othe rte blades ‘changes. Two mechanisms used to accomplish these power changes ae the andthe 25, Onmos helicopters, the tht csi of twist rip mounted on the end of the (oytie or colletive) contol 26, The aicptr contol hat changes the pitch ofthe rotor ads a a cori point in thei otation scale the Pith corr4-10 x. Bs ». 20. a1 2 2. as. a6 ”, 38. ». , Airoraft Structural Assembly and Rigging “The fseage of some halcopr is ep elatvly lvl in fight at ih asped by using 0) _ _ controle by the ele pt coro increas the down Toad onthe tals the eye conto is moved forward Boosted enzos on a helcolercanot fe vibration hac through he contol if a cont system is use, ‘The pitch ofthe til tors emtoled by operated by the pilot. Al oor oeted within acolo dct scaled A baicopter is inerety, (sable or unstable), “Thee syste used to increase the stability of lcoter ae » Low frequency vibration se. as (0) (beat or bz. Vitratons caused by the mincotor system are silly ofthe {ow o high egueney ‘ype ‘An oucofeack rotor would aemally cause 8 (ater o verca vibration An outofalace rotor would normally cause Altera o venti vibration etiopter blades mus be balened bah ® Heticopc blades are als alanced in wo dictions. These ae ® Thee methods of checking msn oor lad tack are 8 Aajsting he length ofthe ih change ros is orally done to comet an ou-oFack canon found {oo the ground or in ghAircraft Structural Assembly and Rigging 2. 4. 45, 46 ‘Benaing the to blade ie ibs noma done coms an ou-orack coton found {or the ground orn gh). Cooling aris supliod toa recipcating engine installed ina lcopter bya), Helicopter power opt is conto hy the pitch come ‘Two types of arbosa engines eo power a liopter te: a eticoters powered by recrocang or drt sha turbine engines mus use some form of 1 dsconneet he engine rom he transmission daring tating Helicopters must have some srt. eve treks he eagine om the rtor any ime tho speed ofthe engine ops below that required to dive the roto.4:12 Aircraft Structural Assembly and RiggingSHEET METAL STRUCTURES SECTION A METALLIC AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION 1 The ype of mea smtiono 2 stractre wd fr ara aeAircraft Metal Structure Repair 9 teaprpeny desane vetJome se Het wil (wa he wet st), 10, Aizerfstetres a mt ely tala points whee sess Concent oes) ve wrap changes (Gietion oeross-setonal ares) 11, To preven asmal erick fomenending, you may isend 2. Aluminum alos, {are rae no) suiceplibe wo carson, 3. Name the primary alloying ehament in each of these aluminum alos: aT bam 556, mms 14 Commercialy pure aluminum identi bythe mumber. 15, Mostof he aluminum alloy wed for aircraft structures alloy number 16, Aldi. {our laminar, ant-corsion rime) ha cory, rolled) ont the uric of bears alumina alloys 17, Inonerto potest the alloy win an Aad set and to preven resin of potent pins, the surice oF irra set metal shouldbe poset rm ond 18, When an aliminum lly is ested 1 is rita exmperaure and quenched tis (soation or precipitation) eat wet 19, Ail ging is another nam foe __(oltono precipitation) heat restmen 20, Aluminum alloys may be (hardened or sttana) by aneaing 21, Give the temper designation far each ofthese condition: As fabricated Annes — Solution beat weated _ 4 Solution eat ete ar cold worked Soluion heat tested ard ariiilly oped 1. Stan hardened io quater hard temper Strain hanened ofall temper 22. Magnesium i lighter obeavir than aluminum.Aircraft Metal Structure Repeir 23 23, ‘Thue drawhcks 1 he eof magnesia srt mil a; 8 24, Titanium is sein structural tas f jt wanspocs where high © required 25, Because of i's strength and eistance to cooson, sans tele wel sted for thigh or tow) ‘temperature applications such b 26, Aluminum allo faced honeyomb panels re useful as structural material because of heir 6 27. Three methods of czrosion prevention used on aluminam alloys ae b 28, Thnw egirmens forthe Formation of oreo on alain alloy ae 6 29, Par alumina (vill or will ne coro 30. A proceso film may be Formed onthe surface of pice of sumiaum alloy by what two methods? bAircraft Metal Structure Repair SECTION B SHEET METAL TOOLS AND FABRICATION 1. Whensing sale for sheet metal lyout, you (should or should nat) messi from itd 2. Sosies (shoud o should not be used to mak Bnd lines Base 3, {fend pei used to make marks on bine engine hot section pats rrcproetng engine exhaust systems, ‘shat an happen? 4. Fett marking pens (ace or ar not widely wed for sheet metal aout 5A punch used to laste the center of rivet hole when sing the old skin asa ptr for anew oe eA punch commonly wed to remove vets od inside cts, nA fx power orhand tool ht every wef for making det 8, Leni the colo od forte hades ofthe aviation snips which a. Cutright b Cutten ©. Cutstight_ 9. When sing a deburing tok soid using oo much pressure to prevent te hole fom becoming 10, The west commonly sed shop tol fr eating sheet metal wok i 1, The oe in parts ofa wit dil ae: 12. Amumber rts used cules for 1/8" diameter ives. 18. The rake ihe most widely sed honing machin in ica! mainenane shor.Aircraft Metal Structure Repair 2 14, wht cote suse 1 deny sah ores Ceo fasteners? 32h inch . S2inch ee 15. 800) Is used for finding te location fnew vet holes whe joining ended set metal skins over previously drilled skins 16, Ata) is usd to emove unwanted mata chips poco by dill rm between metal sets. 17. Rivet lengths measured in insements of inch nd rivet diameters are measured in increments of sch, 8, Idea the head shape of eachof thes solid lini alo rivets 8. ANR6(MS20426) b. ANaro ats20670) AND 4. ANA, 19. Prior installing an ANA26 ive, the meta mast be 20, nen fy the alloy sein solid sluninum ives having these head idefistion characteris: 4, nomark imple © tet orrased dot 4. raised dashes tase ros. 21, Give he alloy number used fr ives enti by the flloming code lets aA be © AD ap © bb. feAircraft Metal Structure Repair 22. Magnssum skins oul be etd wing et Mee y me coe eter, 23, 2017 Aluminum lo ives, fetid bythe cde leer D must be bein they an be driven. To msn than in an annealed contin, they ate quenched and immetlately stored ina freezer Fortis eson thy ar commonly called __ vt 24, Rivet that can be isa wihout accesso both end areca sive 25, A(n)___isa pes spe of vet tat eaves a headed hole fora machine serew aller ‘nstalition 26, Thre commonly wid tuk fstnes used on cowling, noes panels ele, ane refered toby thera ames, and ae called and fasteners, SECTION C SHEET METAL FABRICATION mes the vigil shank diameter 1. Onapropesy driven ives, the wid of the bucked head mst be and ie beiht must be times the original Shank diameter. Fors ive joint to develop its squire srength, a0 svt should be installed with its center tare othe edge of sheet than rivet damtes 3. Adjacent vets ina ow should ben loser han lamers, ond no farther pack ‘han wv iametrs ofthe vet hank 4 Thedstance beeen ows of taggored svt should be __ (what faton ofthe itance between ives ina aien ‘Whit sie es dil shold he we forthe salon ofeach ofthese vet sizes? 382. ine 932k 4. oh 46. Thehexd ange ofan MS20426 rivets Seqrees 1. When thre sheets of meta aredimpled and stacked wo be svete together, they should be (sin or rain) dimpled.Aircraft Metal Structure Repair 2 {what ype oraimptng is usedan magnesm sheet to preven thm Hom craeking the dimplingyrocess? Aimpting 9, An ANATODD6rivet would be mos propery driven witha) ist iting one shot rivet gun 10. When insliag rivets acconig to he NA.C.A method, the manufictred hed i placed on the (inside or outside) ofthe strate 11, The ping code usd in en vting i 4. Bad ive oo 1. ad vet 2969) Drive the ie some mae ‘op 12. When practic bends should be made (aro wih) the gain of he mea 13. Indicate the inimum bend ras fo each of hese types of meta by tefesng tothe bend radius chart in Figo 2- 127 ofthe Jeppesen AAP Tella Arfame Textbook 1 1032-neh 5052-0, inch .om32inch 2024-73, sch, ©, .065ineh 7078-16, inc 1H. The poiat of itrection of hemo ines oF 80 sides of a end ical the point 15. The distance rom the mali point the bend angen ine known a he 16, Fora bend of 90 degrees the stbock is calelted using the formula: Setback = 17, Fora bend of more ores than, we must apply 2 conection factor known a 0) actor a id th setback 18. The formula sed to determin sthack of an ange ater han 9 is Setback = 19, Find the stack foreaeh ofthe ens 8 T=0040nch — BR=0.250.inch —_—_Degoes = 90 Sethask = - b. T=0040inch — BR=0250inh Drees “4S Seach ~ & T=00W0ineh BR =0250-inch Degrees ~135 Seach — 4. T=0128ineh BR ~0S0-nch Detrees~ 90 Setback =28 Aircraft Metal Structure Repair 20, The amount orm ctu tvolved nme Rens known as be 21, Using the bend allowance chat (igre 2-132) on page 274 ofthe et, find the Bend allowance fo acho hese bends. T0040 BR.= 0250 Degrees 90 Bae b. T=0m%2ineh BR =0:1254neh Degrees =90 BAS ©, T=0032.nch BR =0125:ineh Degrees = 185 BAS 4. T=00stineh BR =0280.ineh Deproes = 48 Ba. ©. T=008h-ineh BR.~0280ineh Degrees = 135, 22, When bending ball angle ints convex curve the Mange ofthe sta with he ball mst be {shrunk o sete, 23, If apie of metal besomestachard when tis Being bumped nt a compound curve mayor may nt) be annealed to soften it 24, Whatis dane to lightening hls n wing to ad sie? They any be 2S, tn onder fr sss tl pieces ob lt sins the thin an yt have one Mt on top of nother proces called SECTION D INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF METALLIC AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES: 1. Shallow sratches in alminum may be repaired by 2. When epiing & damaged component or par th tchnvian shoul consul the manufactures manu. 3. Theses way fra tecnica t assure that the FAA will approve arpa to use that has teenAircraft Metal Structure Repair 29 Approvals or rtm to serve owing a eat wsng approved at may be made by an A Fecncan Who holds an ‘What form mst be complete when turing an ica servic following majo ruta repai? FAA Form, Why isan octagonal patch prefered over a ectangula puch in high sessed aircraft structs? ‘What iamstermechanical-ock Chery vets normaly aed to replace an MS2O47OADS rivet? sinc diameter ‘What maybe used to replaces Hi-Shearsivet fou do not have the itis ois ner HiShea ve?” ete sive spacing inthe Sears of wing pane isnot the same, which spacing shouldbe epied when replacing section ofthe pane? “The sume spacing asthe crest sam _—_—_ {inboard oe outboard). What ool used to frm a ski path to the contour othe icra faselage skin? ‘When reputng icra lots he ives sould dipped in slant a diven while hey re et ordey), Repu o corrpated conto uric skins ar es permed by A cont surfce repair mst nt (2 or remove) weight behind the hing fine Prior to cuting an inspection tne w access an area nesting epi, be sure tha the nan A shoct tl rpc oa presario srctre may requ the we ofAircraft Metal Structure RepairWOOD, COMPOSITE, AND TRANSPARENT PLASTIC STRUCTURES SECTION A AIRCRAFT WOOD STRUCTURES. ‘ 6. Sandpaper {should or should not) be used to prepare a suri fo gluing 7. Almost all udesives have fourtime periods that are cial her se, they ae eo 5 plywood, covered with ater fabric may be used ashe external skin on some sire 9 The owe for wood deter od suture isa good coat high-quality plces32 Aircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair ate, 12, If wood comes up in sal cha rather han splints when ti picked with he poi oa considered tbe {good orroued, 13. A wing spar (oy or maya) be spliced under the iting for ai stn 14. A splayed patch cannot be used in plywood skin that it more han inch hick, 15, The taper for spayed patch s SECTION B COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 1. Thvoe advantages ofered by composites ae: » ‘The he man pars ofa ier reinforced composite re the: 8 3. Therma common ypes of fips ae: ® 4 isthe name given to aromatic poly bers, such as Kev. 5. Because ofits many excellent ropes, Aramid is ideal for iat pars that ae subject nd 46, Carbo ier hs high (compressive or esl) strength but promotes - (lees o aan) corrasion when boned to aluminum ose 17. Firewalls maybe made of Aber composites odsipat the eat 8. Thestengh of be is (panel or perpendicular) ote dteton hat the threads theres wen un te lng ofthe abe as comes othe ol ae rte the ovary or wet,Aircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair 33 10, The ty woven eae produed by me Weavers to prevent the edges hm Weling seer oa the 1, The 12, Matsa in which al ofthe jo hers ra in one diction, giving stent in that destin, are known as 13. Chopped ers that re compressed togtherae oe aed 14 Fates are {ovore oss) resstant ober breakout, delamination, and moce damage tolerant than uniieonal materia, 15, The wo categories of resin mt systems are: 6 16, Thermopistic and thermosetting resins have (reat olin strength in theses, ant {oust be o ced nt be eitored with paper, cath, or othe filaments, 17, Athermoplati resin {oll oe wil na) change shape if sfcenlyr-hestd while a thermoseing ia (illo wll na change shape if re-estd 18. Epoxy esa matrias are gat ystems consinting of a anda The ct ering agent by iting chemical rstiont arden he ep 19, Prodimpregated aris oF prepregs, are simply Fabrics that have the system lead impregnated int the irs 20, Prepress Be kept 1o poet he resin fom cain 21, When the {et or shel) ie ofa pre-pegfvichas epire (omy or may not be used for aircraft aplication. 2. poplar thinotropc agent for us wth hemoseting sins to give the sin 2004 body with minimum of weight 23. In adion to microbons, an maybe used 1 filer material when repairing composite structures. 24,.Sandwich-consction cov tril ay be made of ®Aircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repai 25, The dbon ection oF honeycomb core ithe arco In which he Roneycom amet or an) be pulled apart, 26, Close el styrofoam should he used with (epoxy polyester) resin oly. on foam can be used with either epoxy or polyester resin, 28, The procedures for mixing res systems _(are or ant) very important ». (StF ite or Pot ft is the working ie area Batch while ahah lite pot i isthe storage it of unopened resin contains 30, What plications should he ensued to obtain information on the hazardous ingredients, heath peecauons, ‘ammabilcy characteristics, ee ofthe various mai sed in composite consrucon? 51, What items of personal protective egupment are essential when working with composite chemicals? & 7 432, When working with solvents resins, simran io take precautions aguiest__ando always workin reas, 233, Two sommon solvents sed in composite work ae: & 5s, ve nufatring methods at may be used wih laminated constuction te: 8 4 235, The purpone ofthe inal nish somposte struct eto bo -Alroraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair 35 i, What four metous are used dst te elected chargé on compost stctes? 4 537. Three commen methods fr ipeting and sting compost sructres ae ® 38 The _ is asimple method of detecting delaminations close othe surface of pa. 439, To dt itera fli oars of delamination a) may be used 40, Radiography O). (nay or may ot) be usd 0 detect water inside honeycomb core cals a Joeaes fas by temperature araons lhe srfice ofa damaged pa. 4, Scissors with special sel Bas wit serrated dss are wed to cut thro abr 43. Whenever possible composite nator should be with wood when ding. 44 You _should or shold not) use cing eolat when dling into bonded honeycomb of far core sacar 4s Stee, Carbide or Diamond) dis work nal yps of composites and have log ie 46. While sanding, dingo rimming composite materials rst be worn prevent treating ove Fumes o ds. 47. Special bn point dis a aval fr dling (ovat ype) composites 48, Aluminum oxide sandpaper —_ (should or shoud not) be used to sand cabon/grapite materi 49, The older type fiberglass reps (can or canes be sed on advanced compen 50, Repairs made to advanced composites using mati nd techniques that hive traionlly been sed for Feels repairs illest an (siowothy or onsiworty) epi.Aireraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair 1, Damage to asrat compost cn sul e placa in oe or hese tree cargoes: ’ 52. Aicaiven ae the best tools to me o remove damaged honeycomb cre materi ftom an ica svete 53 {the method that is usually used 1 remove advanced compost pis with the 56 cating is used to remove damaged material with a tapered att 55, The water rk est is a tnetest Lo 56. A) {0 which ean be sey reference the vention of he Warp ofthe er ‘7. Mechanical press is used ding the caring operation o 8 se is probably the most effective method apply pressure tarp 59. Composite mauris systems maybe divided according wo type of caring and will be one ofthese wo Ps: 6 60. The wse oft lamps to care composite pars (sori m0 reommended 61, Flexible sticon are the prefered method of ppg eal © cure composite component fr epi wok ao uring isthe process of sing the temperature oa pint, olding tere, hen rising the temperate, oldng it tthe new vals, and coining his proces nil the cure tempor is reached, Aer the cure ime hs lapse, the revere procedure wll be used to slowly coo the materiAircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair a. fikmand aes arsed nee compost rea ana ‘other bagging materi to alew exces marx materi to low trough othe upper seis. 6 arabs materials which are wed to soak up the exces sins 65, lamina fasteners {should o shoul ot be used with carbonate materi 66,1 poncre inthe face of hmeycomi struct is minor estan nc), tb repair maybe made by ons rep involves injection of resin and miroblloons ino damaged ae (68, Scpration of laminate layers separation of the pls fom the core material i called (60. A potad ropa of minor amaze to a seactural components considered to be (permanent or temporary) while rps to an-staca parts re considered tobe (permanent or tempor) 70, Wa damaged area in honeys cori to large tobe reputed by a pote repr, it maybe cleaned out and filled wih pug made of teil or, SECTION C TRANSPARENT PLASTIC MATERIALS 1. Plastics, gener, may be cli sone of thse totes ® 2. Inthe US, hemos equ used transparent plastics fr aia windows and windsil ae ® 3. Acstone (il or wil ot) soften ary past 4. The most ststactry way to stare acy sheets (ile a, bor) 4 Stor them horizontally Stor them verily Store them sigh away from he versal 5. When plat material hs thosands of tiny cracks init sie, sido be38 Aircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair 6. Soaking tect asp i esting wate is (ontitny oe unsatisfactory) way f etn tint formed shape, 1 The fourmethods for compound curve-foming for complex pan ar: ® “ When swing acy het, mportant to eed he materi vwavoid 9, Thence angle fora twist il sed to dil cy plastic should be about depres 1, {ss good material for soning arc platic leit 11, A comented joa in acrylic plac (docs or does ot shrink sit becomes ha 12, Caring ary pts at an ested temperature is aio refered 1 8 13, Temporary reais o serie windsields may bemade with arith ea so 14. Acrylic windshields maybe aed with and water, 15, When nstaling a new windsil,srew oles andthe edges should have about _inch clearance tallow forAIRCRAFT WELDING SECTIONA WELDING PROCESSES oscars when two of more poses of ste are held together by 8 7 Anyone performingAloratt Welding 11, The orm of re welding tht ls moto the nsdn arf maintenance s known as Are Welding. Thies commonly refered to by what three eter designation? 12 Asal wire of is wed os the non-onsumablecectode for IG welding. 13. Ime TIG welder, the elec we produces a temperature of upto degrees Fatreaei, 14, When using diet cunent for TIG welding, the must het is pt at the work when the DC is connected with {aright or verse) play 15, Two forms of elect rexatunce welding ae: ® 16, What tre variables are conti to get the proper weld using either ofthe two elec resistance welding metas? c 17 ‘The ie basic ypes of weld jens are the “ join ® Jn. ° Joint @ join. 18. Aclealy famed oxyacetylene weld should encompass the folowing qualities 6 4 19, Ponatation of welded srr ys should bea depth of. percent ofthe thickness ofthe base mea. 20, tnbrazing the ier metals plled between clsely fing pars by tion.Alroraft Welding 43 21, When braving, the filer ro soul be mst by (cite 0. 4 Holding he rod in he same of the teh, Touching ther to te bot meal 22, Softsolderisa mixture of aod 23, Fitings may be tached to snes stl ony ins by soldecing. SECTION B ADVANCED WELDING AND REPAIRS 1 Alumina (des or dos not) change is color a it mls, 2. Which gasis tee for torch wen aluminum, acetylene or hydrogen? 3. Thesmin advantage to oxshydrogen welding thatthe hydrogen flame bums mich (leaner orate than cepene 4 The Name use for welding slminum shouldbe neta or lity (carbrizing or oxiiing. 5 An shies the pull of molten meta to prevent he formation of ondes when TG wing (6. Titanium must he welded ina amosphere hat prevents any oe om contacting the ht meta 7. Exhaust stacks fom an avr engine shouldbe T1G welded sing (0Cer AO, 8 A dente strc te may be repsite witha welded patch provided the dentenodeeperhan____the ‘ube diameter and doesn't nvelve mor than ofthe be cicumreace. 9. A rosete wed is farm of ap or but) weld 10. The ends of aeintorcing be sed over a damaged tube in a teat structure can be cul wih thers 3depree ors), 1, Use of, rt on landing gear sembly makes welding resis or44 Aircraft Welding SECTION C BASIC GAS WELDING Acetylene ga sored under a resus of mre than pounds per square inch wll ‘become unstable Normal operating presse fr most welding jobs using actyleeis_ wo we Acetone es maybe stored ander presue by combining i ith The amount of actyene gas na stel eylinder is determined by the (veigtor pressure) ofthe lind. ‘The acetylene tan valve should be opened no more than © ‘Oxygen mus ever be sede the presence of. sed substances Tanks previously led wih « uid mst be - sore beginning any welding operations. “Tuming the asylene regulator ajusting handle clockwise wl {open clos) the valve “Te non mi for conneting ine oxygen regulator to the tnd vale has, ight or ef hand ead ‘The sx lene hase is colored. and basa (eto righ hand headed fing at sch end ‘The iting o the {oxygen oracetyene) hos are identified by a groove cut sound theichex mat fines ‘The oxygen has is colored and has a en ori) hand seadedfiting teach x “The torch most often used with lind ase is an {equa- pressure ox injector ‘ype ‘A torch designed for light-duty welding, such sone used ith icra thin wall hing, has its valveon te end of the tore nee the (por bose “The loner the numberof the welding tip (nthe size ofthe eric), the (smaleror lags the i.Aircraft Welding 45 2», 2 n. 2, "hese of he oitice m8 wedng tp measured with he sank oa) ‘Torches sould be ie wth af) ot with Most mi ste ler ods areeostd with so proven st rom forming on the sure ofthe od Oxyacetylene welding goggles —_ (il or wil not) provide adequate eye protectin far loci are welding ‘The lowerthe number ofthe welding pele iter, he Aighe dasha) the iter — (Glue or bro) fer shoud be used inthe welding goggles for welding The ofthe metal to be welded wil dtemine the sz ofthe torch ip noe ‘An oxyacetylene flame in whi the feather of the outer cone jus dsapear it the nner one) (oxidizing, nual or caring Name, “The pro-eat fame nan oxyalyee eating torch should be adj to (0), {neural or oxidizing) Sams, ‘When an oxyacetylene welding och sht off the (oxygen o acetylene) shut oft fstAircraft WeldingAIRCRAFT FABRIC COVERING SECTION A FABRIC COVERING PROCESSES The clear dope film and organic fabric sch as caton a inn te posted fom damage by te sun by mixing Which is more flammable, ellos nitrate a sellulsebuyate dap? Recovering an aircraft inthe same mse s ws sed by the manuftirer sors ot) considered to be a aj epi. Thre soures of approved dat for recovering a pane ae ® The minimum eile srengt of new grade cotton fai is pounds per square The fabric on an aireraft witha wing loading of 9.5 pounds per square fot and a never-exceed sped of 180 miles hour ca deteriorate to pounds pe square inch before it considered to be Fabre may be wot over plywood strstr to give tan extremely smooth The wo mest common sync fibries are made of apes ued forntrsh acng nl he wing52 Aircraft Fabric Covering 10, tap st to coveral the seams, overall he ibs around the ups, an along the traliag edge fall the utes 11, Drainage gommess are usualy appli with he {ovat numb) eat dope 12, Drinage grommets should b opened by (uting or punching the center ut 8, eins whore acest the interior ssctre maybe required 4 is special slow-dryng solvent that prevent pid evaporation of sical dope, 15, The dope in which the fing pat smite shouldbe apo othe fae (inno fal strength) 16 One pound of aluminum pose should be mixed with tallons of wth clear ope athe shuninun dope oats, 17, Rejuvenation _—_ {illo will ao estore stent to deteriorated fbi. 18, Rejuventor ia intr of potent solvents nd SECTION B COVERING PROCEDURES 1. Fabricis considered tbe aivorhy until it has estan _%f its orginal strength, 2. The principle advantage os Maule ester ove a Seybot esters tht it doesnot the abi it he abe til good. 3, The prison siveraf mos sascepble to dtroration are locations hat ae ® 4 Allof th intrioe ood meter ofan srr shouldbe given cot of | before the src i ecoverd, 5 Ate) st is ss for and sewing the abi slong the lng ee ofthe wing. oA hot is eto secre ib tithesAircraft Fabric Covering 53 7. Two methods of applying the bri to am sire sre ars athe mahod b te sto 8. Wrinkles are removed from ton fabric afer ts installed onan area struct by spraying it with 9. Theft coat of dope applic eaton five should contin a ave, 10, The recommended brush fr applying arraft dope shoul have (animal or symheti) ris. 11. The first costo dpe applet stn fabric wil case the fbr Aighenor loose). 12, Antisera shoud be ws under he enforcing tape on aircraft having a ever enced spendin excess of ils per hour 13, Awing sib ofan airplane witha neverexcced speed of 200 miles per hour should have a itch pacing every inches in he lpstexm and every inches outside ofthe stipsream 14. Ribstitch nots shoud be planed _—_ {inthe centro beside) the reinforcing ope on 2 wing. 1s. Ae) knot is se joint poses of waxed ib stitch cond 16, Before fbriccovered are structures dry sanded it shouldbe elec. 17 Thessrace tape along the raling edge ofa cont surface should be notched every 18 inches ifthe ipane has @ ever exceed speed of nls pe hour or more 18, The eassike urace of done finish comes rom he (clear or amino) dope 19, Separation of the Finish ean because by 10 {cho ise) aluminum powder in the dope used forthe alumina dope cots, 20, Property applied aluminum dee coats wily with lightly — {glossyor dll) Finish, 21, {Buyeate or Nite) dope shoal be ate om treated ls lth that ewe to covera4 Aireraft Fabric Covering SECTION C INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF FABRIC COVERING The fist oa of dope apie to lass cloth covering should be (brushed or sgrayed) on When making # sewed rept to an L-shaped erin an srr covering, you should use a(n) itch nd should sar sewing at he {apex rend) ofthe ts ‘When using seal stichto repair an L-shaped sr, you should use a minimum of stitches pr inch and look te stitches every 0 stitches witha modified sine kao. Wh epaising the ave ofan airraf that has a never-excsed spec grater than 180 ils po hur, you should (20 oe dope) the patch in placeAIRCRAFT PAINTING AND FINISHING ‘SECTION A FABRIC FINISHING PROCESSES are use narra dope to make its ln exible A dope fi should seraed with _ and water and any wr ened wid an appropriate solvent before the rejuvenatr espa on, Rejoveatrs estore the twa diod-out dope fm, Finish coms of dope shouldbe payed on witha {eany or ih) com, Colored dpe maybe given gsr nih by ining it with up, + ope 7. The topcoats ofa doped nih may pol off ther is (000 much oto fit aluminum powder inthe aluminum dpe cos. A dope film bushes when condenses ou ofthe sr ino he shy appli dope Mixing withthe dope wi revent using if the conn are no to severe ‘The slave humility ofthe sr may be lowered opevent lashing by _—vsming oF cooling) the a Tw uss fr pinholes in doe ft a: Three cases fori nd sag dope surface ae beAircraft Painting and Finishing 13, Orange pet na dope srace maybe caused by ® 14, Localize pos within the dpe fin that do nt dry re called 15, peta i rshed on oo hay ae rushed when it st00 cold wil eause dope 16, Two disndantges of poburthane fnbh ona fbi covered surface are ® 17. Spraying the newer polyuretane materials over a special makes he stale fr use ave fabric sacs 18. Polyurthane meri should be removed rom a damaged surface with tore 2 reps can be made SECTION B AIRCRAFT PAINTING PROCESSES. 1. The doe basi tshniques fr stripping paint rom metal surfaces ar: 3, These and disposal of chemical stippr i sly rogue bythe, and 4. Pantsof an srr surface hit most not be touched wih punt stripper maybe masked wilAlreraft Painting and Finishirg 6-3 6 ‘Pat stepper should be ase on 82 hick or hin yee ‘Stepper residue i leaned fom an sire surface with or Sun bling (is oris nt) good meted for removing pia fom arr structure or pas, New med lasting systomsuse teil to remove the old ish nd sive Flr comosion may cur unde the dase film of (polyurethane oe we) sopeoas Na) coating changes the sufcw of alumina lly into an one fim ha | chemically inert and wil notallow foam comosion “Two common primer maori are C — Most ighvolume prodaton all-metal ira are primed with ala) primes Wath primers mae p ofthese tre components: ® Wash ries shouldbe applied with mas li thickness of il 1 topeoa snot applied ve the wash primer within hours another coat of pier mst be applied ver the fist ne Aout the most ric aspeetf the application of wash primers isthe acest to have sulcent inthe air property convert the ac iat a phosphate fm Acre lnequerhas (high or ow) olds content ‘The best sh produced by 21 aryl equ wil esl rom cele orb) 2. A Tew heavy cous of finish spray on 1b, Sever lip oa of fnish sprayed on “The most durable finish stem and the one that ves the most pleasing appearances proce bythe system6. Aieratt Painting and Finishing 20. primer may be used unde polyurethane peo uli it ot properly ure may causefliforn consion 21. After mixing polyurethane wih is cts, must he allowed to stand for 1S wo 30 minutes. This ale the time ofthe materi 22. The viscosity of thianed fishing maori is determined using a0) 23, A polyurethane fnsh is wsly dry enough tobe taped afer _hours of dying tine, b tis esto at 24, Thetime between the mixing fa ety materia andthe me it ha et yp too mach frit be wei eed the if ofthe material 25. High silty finishes consist of thre ayers: 2 base coat, ost of ndon topcoat 26, An acyeoot fs, fr superior co asphakum or btuninous pt, good coat of oa 27, Zine vomate paste tats od for making leak proot Seams {il o¢ wil ot) han 28. oils wed protect he inside of the aula strate in aera slags, ‘mpennage structure, and ann gar. SECTION C FINISHING EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY 1. Mostofthe fumes from nisting materiiare (heavier oie than it 2. Allfiter units and water traps in he shop ar system shouldbe drsined vat imewab, 23. Powe oaing oF ry pining” is sully served for parts such as and 4, Theo basic spray gum types neler foot or foodAlroraft Painting and Finishing 65 5. Fitensypemasks when wom by spray pines ——_ (il wil iter out the pint fies. {6 Paintmixing agit shouldbe ven by an, il moto, never with an Atl mtr, 7. Aconety adjusted spray gun shoul proce uniform fin-shpe spay, with he fn - (parle or prpeicua) othe wing pons 8. Amexcesiveoverspray may be cused byt, {ch ite) atomizing ie resus, 9, Match the spay pater withthe number hat denies the cause ofthe distortion, (oo bd Materia too thik othe mount of tomizing i 1b _Plugaedup wing porthole on one side © _Nanal spy pate. & Too much sr ough the wing port hols forthe amount of materia ha is being pry . Matra bil in the air cap. 10, "When pintng an sire, ou shoul pint the corners and eg fi then the at sures This statement fewer fl). 1 Each pass made by paint spay gun shoul vera the previous pas by about {what ation of tie width, 12, When an aiplane i spayed, he pining should be dane so the overpay fills ‘head of rhein th re being painted, 19, Inneately ae 96;66 2m, Aircraft Painting and Finishing Amexvemely tin masking ape provides the sharps ines for tim oo “The ocaton and sie of repitaton numbers required onan srt ar speci in Feral Aviation Regulations “The Roman leer provoding the registration numbers st be place onal ivi aif registered inthe United Stas of America ow much length would be equied olay out the nutes NAGPAB, if he numbers ate 12 inches high? inches. Abull-point penis a {good orb) ol to use to mark he surface of an arf when laying ou the istration ners esas ar applied by skin them in lean warm un the lear portion sides easily rom he backing, Dried overpay on he pn shop oor sould be removed by — (vetoed) sespig itAIRFRAME ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AIRBORNE SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL POWER motion between the wire cl nd the 6 om the rotating commutator ostatonary 2. ofa smaller DC generator ar the: 8 9 primary fietions. They arer2 Aircraft Electrical Systems 10, ach ass connectas to fe exera ety a esl age coppee 11, Bases are made ofhigh-gmde to prevent undue wear onthe ets ave a reasonable serie life 12, Generators may be construc in one of toe ways. They maybe wound c wound, « wound b wound gener are not ue in irra boas of poor voltage epson charters 14 Compound- wound peneraon combine fatares ofboth serie an shunt wound generators and may be one of ties ops compourde, compounded compounded 15. The dstonion of he magne ld between te generator ples cause by the magnetic ld rete by he mate cent isle 16. The poston where the plan of two opposite coli perpendicular othe magnet Fld of the generator called the Plane 17 Some generators use counter the lfc of amature reaction, 18, The speed a which genera epi to produce its ated voltage scale the - speed and is ually about rw. 19, Varying the curent contol generator cup. 20. Thethre relays contained ina thee-anit volage regulator ar: me 21, DC generators employ relay between the generator opt terminal and he bas to prevent the barter fom discharging tough he generator esd magnetism may be wstored oa generator by thet 23. A variety of tess canbe pecirmed on DC generator and motor armas with aspailly designed est wit called 24, Large alr use AC stems because hey can produce a mount of power and are inweiah.Aircraft Electrical Systems 73 25, Ihe penile ference between 3 DC generator ana ernst tha he magnet He (stationary or moving in a generator and (saionary or moving in an iterator. 26, The atematngcutent posed ina DC stemator is changed nt ist current with 3 {soldstte or mechanical rectifier. 27. The principe pas ofan atemator are the: 8 4 28, Carbon bss riding om smth. ‘amy the lumen fom the voltage relator tthe stemator rotor 29. Soldstate votagerepuatrsare usualy epi or replaced) i they fall. 30, A reversecutenteuou rel (sors no necessary with « DC aerator. aha phase ero suse fr alostallairafaplctons. 532, Mone lea fom each winding ofa roe pase lomo i connected 12 common poi th stator is - connected and ifthe phases are connected end-vend the sar is_ comecte 33, Modern jet icra pial san cooled Chrusbtype or bral) aeratr 34. Onjetaicrta unit ised Berncn the ene andthe altematoro ase a constant tens oupa, 235, Allemsors wed on large tea generally supply (how any) hen, (ow many) plas temating curt. 36, The most commonly used iat bate are the tery andthe tater. 37, The stat of charge of lead wid batery i termined by measuring the of the cesta, 38, Thespecife avty of flly charged lead-acid barter should be between and 3180 dex Farenheit 27 dep, Celsius). 39, The specie gravity of discharged eaacidbatery i about 40. The specifi vty ofa ea acid battery is checked with a 4 The open cizeuit voluge ofa kadai cells approximately volts74 Aircraft Electrical Systems 42 anery capcny is measured - 43, Thestandard ating ud to pecity baer capt isthe rating 44 Baris mst be kept __ andthe terminals mst be kept and feof 45. Corrosion an deposits can remove rom edad tery’ or atery bo by subbing with soft nd solton of nd water 46, Care should be taken to vol geting any baking Soda inthe cells of lead-acid baer Because aking soda the cet 47. Tithecomes ncesary to diate acid to make elec itis extemaly important that yu lays the ote nd never the ther way around 48. The wo methods for charging a hte are the constant thd andthe constant meod.Aeaft generating tems se the constant method 49, Thetwo functions ofan arr generating system art: ® 50, Inorerto charge 024-ol hater, the altemator must roduce about _ vols ap for 1-volt hater, shout vols, si Spilled elecoyte froma fal acid har should be neti with and rinsed with 52, Nickecadiam bateres ane a (oo igh internal resistance ‘3, To minimize the posi of "thermal rina.” icra that are cguippod wth icke sadam tse wll, favea banery warming system installed 54, Thespevtc gravity ofthe carolyn. nickel-cadum batery _ (soris nop a measur ofthe sate of cargo the bate 58, Its extemal important thar ike cadmium and ede tries he serviced in spam areas Beets the lecwolytes are tie fe wil eachother. 56. Spilled nickel-cadmiam else can be neutralized with 57. Theonly way to determine the atl condition of niske-cdmium bry isto i then ischarge it ata specified tet measure is - capi:Aircraft Electrical Systems 75 SECTION B AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 1. Antec schematic diag shows the (lationship or psi oaton ofa he estrial omponents nl asocined wiring ina partir system, 2 Acclipping diode may be nse across the coil of the master clay to cliinate — that could damage sensitive electronic componens 3. Thetem soften used to dein a heavy cure solenoid, such asthe one wed to enorgie testa 4 deny these statements as Te or False concerning the landing gear cca shown in aur 7-63A inthe Seppsen A&P TechvicionArframe Tet 1 Altre landing gear ms be down an locked before any af the dow -andoeked lights wil lumina The landing gs selecorsitch cannot be placed in the GEAR UP poston when the weigh ofthe sirerat {som the lnding gsr. «Ife landing gear i >t down and leked the warning hom wl ound anytime the hot is hse, regardless of the positon ofthe landing gear switch 4 The pump moto cana sun inthe GEAR UP diction when the weight ofthe srr son he nding ea. - 5, Vibrator ye voltage reyes with provision for paralleling wo generators have an ext ‘hats connected palling site rely {6 Theol curent hat lows inthe paralleling cols is that aus by the ifeence nthe cup (oltage or erent ofthe two generators 1. Thecwo base spas of le srr cecal bus distribution systems ae the: bo 8. On iret auipped with (splivbuso parle.) sytem al generates are connected 03 common bus ad share he load eqsz Aircraft Electrical Systems SECTION C WIRING INSTALLATION 1. The insultion on ier wie is designed to withstand vos 2 ‘uge wie the smallest size aluminum wire reconimended for us in ara late 3. The anges usd indie the sie of letra! 4. Fillin he allowable voltage drop for each of these system conion by refring to the cart fgue 7 inthe lppssen A&P Technica Anam Tesbook 415 Amp inermint ead with 228 fot wire length na 28-00 systems vobvots. 1. 5 Amp continuous lod with 10 foot wre enth na 14-vlt sytem vol) 15 Amp inermitent lan witha wire lng of 60 fst in 1.vot syste: wot) {4 20 Amp continuous led with 4D ft wir gt na 200-ot systems sot) 5. Using the elecial wie cha in Figure 7-82 inthe Jeppesen A&P TeliconAifame Textbook termine wht znuge wire would be bes suited fer each of hese conitons 4 A continuous loadin #1. sytem neding 40 fst of wie to cary 30 amps, The wie sto be owed in hurdle age ',Anintemitent ood of200 amps in 28-ol system. The wire 12 fet long and routed ine i. cee «A continuous load of 2 amps na 115-olt system, The wir ist be outed bundle is 120 fet Tons. sage {4 An itemitent oad of300 amps ina 14-ol system. The wit is 6 fet long ans outed in re i ge 6 Wires mst hve an identifiction mark every tones, 7. When letra wies re oud paral ines earying oxygen or any typeof ai the wiring shoul Be at east inches above or blow) the i tne.Alrcraft Electrical Systems zz 3. When electrical wiring is run through conduit, the conduit shoul be approximataly larger than the diameter of the wie buns 9, Enemsing wir in rade mst jacks called the wir 10, What olor insulated tena! would be used on each ofthese wire sis 2, 20guage 1 Woguege__ Hg 11. The suength of propecy crimped wire emi wil be ess han, equal, or more ha) te strenath ofthe wis, 12. Nomore han {bow many) wie terminals may be connected to asngle stud on & terminal stip 13, Boning jumpers should havea ressanee of xo more than ohms. WA ‘able consis ofa ental conductor surounde by an insulator a second conduct. 15. The __exnnestorsprobably the most widely used ermal on coaxial cable tached to reat iio SECTION D ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS |. Inwhat Feral Aviation Adrinisrtionpubistion may a switch dratingfstor able be found? 2. Switches must be instal in ad ‘manner, This mess tht moving asic o turns power on the ist, 3. ASPST switch bas (ow many) contctsandconsols____sresits) 4 Nonmaly {cay or ono) ha fsa ron core, SAL “eat ype) fase has a fsb element that held under esion by a al oi sprig 6. Allsirraf circuit resers ns be of he ypeAircraft Electrical Systems “The thos basi configurations of rut breakers use on tera ar ® Indie the coor of fe wat fr each aviation ight poston ise Left win 1 Riaht wing Tail ‘Ani-colson lights may beste of thas wo types: 8 Away allow sre syste to inthe OFF position frat east minutes price to any maintenance operation ‘What does each of he thee agers represen the gh-hand ule for motors? linger Second finger Thm “Te stationary magnetic lina DC cece motor may be produce by: 8 “Theo typos of field armatucitcuit rangement sein DC motors Series connect DC motarshave a (igh ow) stating torgue Anal state wes (sci orshuntswound DC mote ‘The hee types of AC moto ae the: 8 motoAircraft Electrical Systems 17, The syn a AC bts te dee by. ®Aircraft Electrical SystemsHYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC. POWER SYSTEMS ‘SECTION A PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULIC POWER 1. Hydraulic systems fii dstermine by the ove andthe volume ofthe 9. What area2 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 10, Use the following iar to ataera trough tow. Cylinder 1 linden 2 Piston diameter ~2 inches Piston diameter = 3 inches 4 Ifthe farce pushing down on he attr rd finder 1100 pounds, the Fre exerted by the aetatng sod of ender 2 wil pounds > Ifthe piston in yliadet moves inshe,he ison nein 2 will move inches © Afrceot pounds wil hive to Be exerted on the piston inert to pradie forse of 1,0 ponds on the piston in eylindor 2 the presse inside finder i 00 ps the pressure inside cylinder 2 wil be pai 11. Use the folowing igre to answer (below) and (on he following page) 4 Ifa poste of 500 pss apie obo ses of the piston in this eld, the piston will move (down, or wl ot move),Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 83 Ife plston ameter 84 ches ane the attr ro ameter noes, the ESA oe reduced by the acuating tod wilte ound SECTION B HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND DESIGN 1. A good hydraulic uid mus yoses these properties 2 isthe intemal esitance io ow of Hai 3. The {sthe temperature al which a gud wl give of vapor in sacl unity (0 igite momentarily. 4. These types of hytaulie Mid eurenty being used in evilian srr ae 5 (is oro) penisible to mix fret ype of hyaic Did 6. Vege tase hydraulic Ais essay land 71 Vegetable base hyde Mus dyed for idenicaon |The most widely used hydra Mui in general aviation sir today is 9. What ype of hyde ids 09rd for identiition? 10, Synthetic hau Mids were developed to provide fa) - resistant hyauie Maid {ows in high performance piston and turbine era, 1, Skye incon, 12, EFSkyol is accidently spilled t shoul be immeiney cloned up using - adHydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 13. Name meld na maybe set to Mush nya systems using each oF he towing ype of hae Mut 4. Vegetblebase a Minea-bse be. Syathatic 14, Name the material wel fora in haul sytem sing each of he allowing ypes of hyauic Mids: bs. Vegeale-ase - © Minera bse — 4. Syntete SECTION C HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEMS 1. Vinwaly all modem silane se a simple yaa system operat the 2. Aya sytem mast contain four bases of nis these ae 5. A single nit conning an ecticllydeiven hydraulic pump, reserve, conuo valve and many ofthe esiiany ‘valves is known a hydra — system 4. The wo types of hydauic eservits ae ® 'S. Aieatthat operate in the love atitudes normally se (resus pressurize) hydra ees. 6. Thee ways of pressurizing yale esi ae ® 7. One icon sequal ine,Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 85 Plc papers ae uly le nthe yee ys pressure oe fe 9. Cuno filters {can or cannot be used on the pressure sie ofthe hydraulic stom, 10 (Singlor Double) ation pumps are the most commen typeof band pump, mA {constant or vrabe) displacement pumnp moves a spi volume of Md each ime sa us, 12 Aen) ‘valve of sme sort is ncded when «constant displacement pun ewe 13, A grr hydraulic pump (onsant variable) displacement pnp. 1H, A idaule system using variable displacement pump (Goes or does 0) require an nloing abe. 1S. A slate valve ton of thermo commen pes of (ow o pressure} contol ves. 16 The open or close-center valve directs id through he center ofthe valve back to the esrvoir when aunt isnot being actuate, 17. Avalve tat allow fee fw of uid in oe ietion, bt no win the opposite dren is called a) 1, A valve that allows fee fw 2f uid in ne diction but a etc lw in the opposite dition i cll) valve 19, Avalve tat sequies one component filly state before anther an actin scaled an) 2", ‘valve are similar to sequence valves excep they are opened by hytai ressure ‘ther tan by mechanical cont. 21. Aen) maybe installed to block ane incase of serous ek 22, Two principles upon which hydeauli fise may pert ar: bo 23, The simplest ype of pressure sono vale isthe valve 24. Aco. nay be installed when itis cesar to ‘pert some portion oa hyaule system at pressure lower than the normal sem prose, 25. Alo) - is simple device designod to tore hai uid under pres86 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 28, One comparment ofan accumulators connected 1 he hyrauliesytem, and me oer omparunet sled compressed on 27, The types of accumulators sed in icra hydraulic ystems a: ® 28, High prasure vale cores aredetited hy the eter embossed on the end oftheir 29. Hyckaulic actuators which produce saight-Sie movement are known a, tao. 230, Ife continous ational fais sede, hydalic maybe used 31, A chevron seal {one-way or two-way) sal 52. AnOvringisa {one-way orewo-way) sal 23. An Oring should have a widh of approximately 10%. large sal than the wih ofthe prove into which fis Bea shouldbe wed with an Oring whenever the operating prestar exceeds shout psi 38. The aes the date of Ong manufictre, 36, An Oring mack with Bi do. {ould or would not) be compote with MIL- 1.606 nya Mid 37. When nstling Ong, exuue cre must be used to prevent the ring rom being on by sha edges. SECTION D AIRCRAFT PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS 1. The si for (igh, median, oro) pressure pacumatic system sul tore in seal bots 2. Medium pressure peumati stems on turbine powered aircraft sully se sir forthe operationHydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems 5, Oneof ne most common tyes oF tan paeumatie systems spies low-pressure ato pee 4 (vane or piston ype pumps are uly associate wih kw pressure peutic systems such as thse used w oprate acral instruments 5. Aether ina pocumatic system leaves the moistre separator it ns pas hough fn) o toremove the ast res of moisture, 6 A@) ‘valve maybe installed 1 allow puma system to operat from ground 7. Emergency extension air eters a hydraulic landing pear actuator hough a).Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power SystemsAIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS ‘SECTION A LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS AND MAINTENANCE 1. The aie! pe landing gor arangerent is also known 8 ning 2. Resting the landing gar onan srr eeeases the _——indst oparst) dag. 3. Almostall utentproducton plans se the ‘ype landing gar arangemen 4 Tailwhoo! aircraft ar highly sscepible oan abrupt uncontolled change in etion om th ground called 2 6 AM) cords a unde of smal strands of aber encod in a osely woven cot tube “The most widely used shock berber fora the soe absorber or moe commonly known 3 {5 Amleo stu absorbs the landing impact shock wit the Gairoroi, 9. Anoleo su absorbs theta shocks with the (sir oi, 0, Ofc sat inlation checked by measuring the length of the exposed 1. Madem aire wheels are alos aways, woes units 2. Aiea wheel maybe cast orforged of cer or 4, Steel keys orkey ay on the rbd whee hal dive the rating92 24 2s 2», n 2 Aircraft Landing Gear Systems ‘he main wheets of et irra wo release the ar fom there incase of exteme overeating. Before losing the bolts ning the has of a whe, itisexically important tht you serewed ono the then ‘To safly insure complete detain ofa remove the Screwdrivers te oo (should r shoud mot) be use fo pry atte Bead away fom therm. Aira beings, {should or shoud nt) be lene with sm. ‘Wile stains ona whee bearng is cause for rejion, beau his may be an inden of Discolored bearings indicate damage dc 16 Dye penetra inspection {is ori) good method te ols eac inthe ea sat ara ofan iret vse inspections should be used to detect rch onthe bead sat area ‘Wheel bots should he inspeaed using the inspection method w. (tow many) ofthe ase plgs inthe whoa show ay signs of sfoning, they sal be replaced Ae is wed to ede the back and orth online of the nse wheels erin spots he font sides ofthe wheel of narra ae close together han the rear sides, the landing gear is (oedin ortwed-oun, Lethe tops of the whows ofan aca are loser ogee than the botloms, the landing gar has 2 {postive or negative) camber ‘Lang ira use a system to apply the Brakes when the nding pers selec UP in ode to preven a bard or possible ‘othe aircraft de to spinning whet. All eacable landing gear stems must have some means of {sing towering ‘or rising and lowering) the gear ifthe primary method filsAircraft Landing Gear Systems 93 Aun be et ergy ear exenson yes MY Hae » 4 32. Ata) sviteh may be insted ina landing oar retraction sytem o preven the landing ea rom being asl while the sire is onthe ground 33, Ressetble gear sera genally we (at colo) ight indo that he gear dawn and 5M A gear warming hor wil sound if the trots ae (vanced or tarde and {any oratl of te landing gear ae in che wp poston, 35. Landing gear warning systems are design to war the pilot hat he go (Gsoris nop down nd looked when the aircrafts inthe —__conigstion SECTION B AIRCRAFT BRAKES 1. Meal brake inings ar alsc known as ining 2. Powerbrakes are operated using pressure from the hyde system 3. The yea pressure tothe wake system i edved sing (0) system 4 a0) _ ‘ave designed wo prevent a complet loss of hyd ‘stom Hid if brake line fs or ek 5. Incase oft lure ofthe kau system, most large strat ake sytem can be operated sing) mergency system, 6 Theamount the automatic ase pia pratudes rm the eylnderhead ofa Goodyear singled bake maybe sed aan ndcstor ofthe weer on the (sings o is, 7. Cleveland bake linings shoul be replaced when they have worn thickness of inch. 8 brake action seal lays an ination ofr in the brake hy dali sytem,94 Alroraft Landing Gear S) ‘9, "Tne operation pertormet rave fom se ake spe know ts brakes, 10, When bling ariom a maser cylinder brake system wing the posse method, the fh dis induced at ths (oree eytndr or esi) 11, fatale system is inadvertently serviced withthe wrong type of yale Hid what mst be acomplia? 6 12, Stopping a lesking MS-ype Mele iting by tightening the iting Ais isn) proper repair procedure. 13, During brake overbnl the osings should he checked wing the Inspection method Mat Lis ois no necessary to remove the whl to replace the linings on a Cleveland single dik brake 15. Anytime bake shows signs of its be removed from the aircraft inspected, drt 16, When brake fis to completly release alfler he pressure is remove, itis sid tobe SECTION C AIRCRAFT TIRES AND TUBES 1. ‘The most popula low-pressure found o piston powered sir toy isthe Type__te 2. Thesize af low-res tie for piston powered aca is dsignatd bythe sation andi 3. Thesize fa high-pressure tie for jt aca is dsinatod bythe - _ nde 4. Theplyatng (does or does init the staal umber of abe pis in the 5. Tubes ties ar identifi bythe word on teisdewal (6 Aira ce sidewalls ae designed to deflect (oreo stan astomobile res.