@ scanned with OKEN ScannerExplanation: Monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms of a species which is ‘made to study the inheritance of a single poir of olleles or factors of a character. Dominant ‘character is one of a pair of alleles which can express itself whether present in homozygous or heterozygous state. In F, generation, (the generation of hybrids produced from a cross between the genetically different homozygous individuals called parents) the progenies ore heterozygous dominant. 90. Assertion (A): Allosomes determine sex of Individual. Androsomes are responsible for female sex. ‘Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false Explanation: Sex chromosomes are those chromosomes which determine the sex of the individual in organisms. They ore colled allosomes. Androsomes determine male sex. Reason (R): ‘Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of inheritance. Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stem height. “Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Explanation: Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of inheritance. The seven characters exornined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stern height. 92. Assertion (A): 94. Assertion (A): Reason (R): Mendel’s law of independent assortment does not hold good for the genes that are located closely on the same chromosome. Closely related genes assort independently. Reason (R): Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false Explanation: Mendel's law of independent assortment holds good for the genes that are located closely on the different chromosomes. When genes are close together Shot [sA-l] 93. Ans. 94, Ans. 95. Ans. Ans. 97. on 0 chromosome. the alleles on the tom, Chromosome tend to be inherited ac a unq more frequently. Such genes do not choy, independent assortment and are linked, Hen, re ton soy, closely related genes do Mot shoy, independent assortment. rt Answer Type-! Questions [2 marks each] Give the dihybrid ratio. Name and state thy {wwhich explains the same. [ICSE 2003) ‘The dinybrid ratio Is 9: 3:3:4 posed on the observation in dinybrid crosses, law of _ independen, Mendel proposed Sr Gecortment, which states that when two Pairs of contrasting characters are combined jin hybrid, segregation of members of one pol of gamete is Independent to member of another pair of gamete. Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention which Is dominant and recessive. (A) Yellow seed (®) Round seed 3 | (A) Yellow — dominant, Green — recessive (8) Round — dominant. Wrinkled — | recessive | Name the organism Mendel used for his experiments. Why do Mendel chose this plant for his experiments? [HOT 8) Mendel choose pea plant (Pisum sativum) for his experiments because: (1) Easy to grow. Q) Easily distinguishable characters. | Q) Larger size of flower. (4) Self-pollinated. | The human male never passes on the gene | for haemophilia to his son. Why is it so? | The gene for haemophilia is present on X chromosome. A male has only one x chromosome which he receives from bis mother and Y chromosome from father. The human male passes the X chromosome to his daughters but not to the male progeny (sons). Mention the total number of chromosomes along with the sex chromosomes that are present in a human female and a human male. Human male = 22 pairs of chromosomes along with XY sex chromosome. Human female - 22 pairs of chromosomes along with XX sex chromosomes. The Karyotype (set of chromosomes) given below is taken from a dividing cell in a @ scanned with OKEN Scannercertain individual. Is the j or female? Give reason in conswer- ce It KM 7 U i re 6 10 nn ee W ng Ao Mow on fi wR. on wf The individual is @ male os there j S romosome and.an X chromosome, | short Answer Type-ll Questions [sat] [ 3 marks each ] 99, if we cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant we will get pea plants of F, generation, if we now self-cross the pea plant of SUPPort of yoy 200+ A husband has 46 chromosomes. His wife has 46 chromosomes. Then why do not their offspring has 46 pairs of chromosomes Which are obtained by the fusion of male and lale gametes? Support your answer with ‘neat illustration. Gometes do not possess the same number of Chromosomes as ore present in individuals. It is because, meiosis occurs prior to formation of gametes. This reduces the number of chromosomes to one half in gametes. Hence, in humans, the gametes carry only 23 chromosomes (one half of 46). Fusion of two gametes restores the number of 46 Chromosomes in the zygote. Therefore, the human offspring does not have 46 pairs of chromosomes, Husband 46 Chromosomes 46 Chromosomes Meiosis Meiosis Sperm Ovum 23 Chromosomes 23 Chromosomes Offspring 46 Chromosomes F, generation, then we obtain pea plants of 20% “The sex of the children is determined by F, generation. ) What do the plants of F, generation look like? State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F, generation. @ State the type of plants not found in F, generation but appeared in F, generation, mentioning the reason for ‘the same. ‘Ans. (A) Allplants of F, generation willbe toll plants. In the F, generation, ratio of tall plant to dwarf plant is 3:1. (®@) Dwarf trait is the recessive trait which was not expressed in the F, generation. The recessive trait gets expressed in the F, generation after self-pollination. Reason : F, plants do not exhibit dwarfism as presence of dominant allele (T) in monchybrid (it) mask the expression of recessive allele (). However, alleles for tallness ond dwarfism, present together in a heterozygous individual (1d) do not get mixed and are separated during gametogenesis and gets expressed in the Fz what the the moth erit from their father and not 2 Justify. THOT 8] Ans. The sex of the baby is determined by the type of male gamete (X or Y) that fuses with the X chromosome of the female during fertilization. If sperm carrying X chromosome fertilizes the egg (X) , then the resulting child will be female (00) and if sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilizes the egg (X), then the resulting child will be male (XY). = Father jother xY XX XX XY XX xY s 4 8 Daughter Son Daughter Son @ scanned with OKEN Scannerf 402. Explain Mendel’s "Law of segregation’ In a ‘typical monohybrid cross with the help of a suitable example. i ‘Ans. Mendel's Law of Segregation stoves that "During gamete formation, the factors (alleles) of character pair presentin parents segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors” ‘Cross: Perea Gs) 7, Owe) + + comes 3 ig Fs geneaton a eS Fa generation TT tt ay rey ray (OH Long Answer Type Questions [LA] [10 marks each ] 103. A homozygous dominant tall pea plant bearing red flowers (TTRR) is crossed with @ homozygous recessive dwarf pea plant bearing white flowers (ttrr). A) What is the phenotype ord genotype of Fy individuals? ® White the possible combination of gametes that are obtained when two F, hybrid plants are crossed, (© Mention the phenotypic ratio of the F, generation. Also show the cross, (2) Name the laws given by Mendel. State Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, © Name two X-linked disorders found In humans, [Mod. ICSE 2020) a 1 af ‘Ana. (A), Phenotype of F, generation is Tal ong "4 coloured flowers. Genotype oe Individuals is TeRr. rs (© Possible combination of gamete obtain, by; individuals are TR: Tall and Red 7.% ‘and White, tR: Dwarf and Red and tr. Due ond White © 12 ne. | Ey TR | TR | Ter | TRR | TR qe | ter | tr | Ter | tty eR | TRR | Ter | wRR | eR tr | Ter | Tor | ter | ter The phenotypic ratio obtained in the 5, generation fs 9:3:3:1 Law given by Mendel: 4, Firstlaw: Law of Dorninance 2, Second law: Law of segregation 3, Third law. Law of Independen ‘assortment Mendet's law of independent assortmen, states that when inheritance of two q more genes occurs at the same time, the, distribution in the gametes is independen ofeach other, (© The X-linked disorders found in humans ore (@) Haemophilia @ Colour blindness & Scanned with OKEN Scanner