Who are the stakeholders?

Answer – Stakeholders are people who are either actively

involved in the project or who have interests that the
project’s results might influence. Project managers,
project sponsors, executives, clients, or users are typically
included in this group.
What do you know about them?
Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and
would be benefitted with the solution.
What is the problem?
A problem is generally considered to be a task, a
situation, or person which is difficult to deal with or
control due to complexity and intransparency.
how do you know it is a problem?
Reading some issues from newspaper articles, Media,
announcements, etc are some examples which shows it is
a problem.
what is the context/ situation the stakeholders
experience the problem?
A stakeholder can either affect or be affected by a
business' operations and performance. By engaging
communication among stakeholders effectively, they can
build trust, gain support, and avoid conflicts or
misunderstandings. people who have a strong interest in
the effort for academic, philosophical, or political reasons
in which they and their families, friends, and associates
are directly affected by it.
what would be of key value to the stakeholders?
Minimize risks, Provide resources, Develop or grow
business, Help operations run smoothly and Align
operations with a strategic vision.
How would it improve their situation?
It would optimize, augment and improve human activities and
experiences. it will save time and it will save lives via health advances
and the reduction of risks and of poverty.

AI Project cycle

Components of the AI Project Cycle :

Problem Scoping – Understanding the Problem

Data Acquisition – Collecting accurate and reliable data

Data Exploration – Arranging the data uniformly

Modelling – Creating Models from the data

Evaluation – Evaluating the project

 4W’s Problem

The 4W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why. This W’s helps in identifying
and understanding the problem in a better and efficient manner.

1. Who – “Who” part helps us in comprehending and categorizing who all are affected directly
and indirectly with the problem and who are called the Stakeholders.

2. What – “What” part helps us in understanding and identifying the nature of the problem and
under this block, you also gather evidence to prove that the problem you have selected exists.

3. Where – “Where” does the problem arise, situation, and location.

4. Why – “Why” is the given problem worth solving.

Problem scoping

Problem Statement Template (PST)

The Problem Statement Template helps us to summarize all the key points into one single.

Template so that in the future, whenever there is a need to look back at the basis of the problem,
we can take a look at the Problem Statement Template and understand the key elements of it.

Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition is the process of collecting accurate and reliable data to work with. Data
Can be in the format of the text, video, images, audio, and so on and it can be collected
from various sources like interest, journals, newspapers, and so on.
 Surveys

1. Survey is one of the method to gather data from the users for the second stage of ai project
cycle that is data acquisition.
2. Survey is a method of gathering specific information from a sample of people. for Example a
census survey is conducted every year for analyzing the population.
3. Surveys are conducted in particular areas to acquire data from particular people.
Web Scraping

1. Web Scraping means collecting data from web using some technologies.
2. We use it for monitoring prices, news and etc.
Sensors

1. Sensors are very Important but very simple to understand.

2. Sensors are the part of IOT. IOT is internet of things.
3. Example of IOT is smart watches or smart fire alarm which automatically detects wire and starts
the alarm. How does this happen, this happens when sensors like fire sensor sends data to the
IOT or the smart alarm and if sensor detects heat or fire the alarm starts.

Cameras

1. Camera captures the visual information and then that information which is called image is used
as a source of data.
2. Cameras are used to capture raw visual data.
Observations

1. When we observe something carefully we get some information

2. For example, Scientists take insects in observation for years and that data will be used by them .
So this is a data source.
3. Observations is a time consuming data source.
API

1. API stands for Application Programming interface.

2. Let us take an example to understand API: When you visit a restaurant and check the menu, and
then you want to order some food, do you do to the kitchen and ask the cook to prepare food,
no right. You ask the waiter for the order and then the waiter gives that order to the main
kitchen area.
3. So here waiter is a messenger which takes request and tells the kitchen what you want and then
the waiter responds you with the food
4. Like that: API is actually a messenger which takes requests from you and then tells the system
what you want and then it gives you a response.
 Data Exploration
Data Exploration is the process of arranging the gathered data uniformly for a better
understanding. Data can be arranged in the form of a table, plotting a chart, or making a
database.

1. Google Charts

Google chart tools are powerful, simple to use, and free. Try out our rich gallery of interactive
charts and data tools.

2. Tableau

Tableau is often regarded as the grandmaster of data visualization software and for good reason.

Tableau has a very large customer base of 57,000+ accounts across many industries due to its
simplicity of use and ability to produce interactive visualizations far beyond those provided by
general BI solutions.

3. FusionCharts

This is a very widely-used, JavaScript-based charting and visualization package that has
established itself as one of the leaders in the paid-for market.

It can produce 90 different chart types and integrates with a large number of platforms and
frameworks giving a great deal of flexibility.

4. Highcharts

A simple options structure allows for deep customization, and styling can be done via JavaScript
or CSS. Highcharts is also extendable and pluggable for experts seeking advanced animations
and functionality.
Modelling
Modelling is the process in which different models based on the visualized data can
be created and even checked for the advantages and disadvantages of the model.

To Make a machine learning model there are 2 ways/Approaches Learning-Based

Approach and a Rule-Based Approach.

Learning Based Approach

The learning-Based Approach is based on a machine learning experience with the data fed.

Machine Learning (ML)

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) which provides machines the ability
to learn automatically and improve from experience without being programmed for it.

Types of Machine Learning

Machine learning can be divided into 3 types, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning,
and semi-supervised or Reinforcement Learning

Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is where a computer algorithm is trained on input data that has been
labeled for a particular output.

For example a shape with three sides is labeled as a

triangle, Classification and Regression models are also type of supervised Learning

What is classification ?

Classification in which the algorithm’s job is to separate the labeled data to predict the output.

Example: to predict weather which of them is apple and pineapple

What is Regression ?

Regression is a type of supervised learning which is used to predict continuous value.

Example: Regression is used to predict the weather. it is also used widely for weather
forecasting.

Unsupervised Learning

Learning on its own is termed Unsupervised learning.

Basically, in unsupervised learning where the data is un-tagged or un-named, the machine
creates a learning algorithm using its structural data-sets present in its input.

Example: Suppose a boy sees someone performing tricks by a ball, so he also learnt the tricks by
himself. This is what we call unsupervised learning.

Reinforcement Learning

In this type of learning, The system works on Reward or Penalty policy. In this an agent
performs an action positive or negative, in the environment which is taken as input from the
system, then the system changes the state in the environment and the agent is provided with a
reward or penalty.
The system also builds a policy, that what action should be taken under a specific condition.

Example: A very good example of these is Vending machines.

Suppose you put a coin (action) in a Juice Vending machine(environment), now the system
detects the amount of coin given (state) you get the drink corresponding to
the amount(reward) or if the coin is damaged or there is any another problem, then you get
nothing (penalty).
Here the machine is building a policy that which drink should be provided under what condition
and how to handle an error in the environment.

Rule Based Approach

  Rule Based Approach Refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or
patterns in data are defined by the developer.
 That means the machine works on the rules and information given by the
developer and performs the task accordingly.

For example: Suppose you have a dataset containing 100 images of apples and bananas
each. Now you created a machine using computer vision and trained it with the labeled
images of apples and bananas. If you test your machine with an image of an apple it will
give you the output by comparing the images in its datasets. This is known as the Rule-
Based Approach.

Datasets

Dataset is a collection of related sets of information that is composed of separate

elements but can be manipulated by a computer as a unit.

n the Rule-based Approach we will deal with 2 divisions of the dataset:

1. Training Data – A subset required to train the model

2. Testing Data – A subset required while testing the trained the model

Bas
Training Set Testing Set
e

Use Used for Training the Model Used for Testing the Model after it is trained

Is a lot bigger than testing data and constitutes It is smaller than Training Set and constitutes
Size
about 70% to 80% about 20% to 30%

Training vs Testing Data

Evaluation
Evaluation is the method of understanding the reliability of an API and is based on the
outputs which are received by feeding the data into the model and comparing the output
with the actual answers.