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1. Applying Euler’s formula eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ and e−iθ = cos θ − i sin θ to prove
the following formulas.
(1) sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 (Hint: eiθ · e−iθ = eiθ+(−iθ) = e0 = 1)
(2) sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ (Hint: eiθ · eiθ = ei2θ )
(3) cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 θ (Hint: eiθ · eiθ = ei2θ )
1+cos 2θ 1−cos 2θ
(4) cos2 θ = 2 , sin2 θ = 2 (Hint: By (3))
2. (The Squeeze Theorem) If f (x) ≤ g(x) ≤ h(x) when x is near a (except
possibly at a ) and lim f (x) = lim h(x) = L, then .
x→a x→a
1
Use the Squeeze Theorem to verify that lim x2 cos = 0
x→0 x
3. (Definition of Continuity) A function f is continuous at a if .
(1) Determine values of the constants a and b to make the function
2
x + 2x − a, if x < 2
f (x) = 6, if x = 2 continuous at x = 2.
2ax + b, if x > 2
√3
ax + b − 2 5
(2) Find the values of the constants a and b such that lim = .
x→0 x 12
4. Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the following functions.
x2 3x
(1) f (x) = 2 (2) g(x) = √ .
x −1 4x2 − x − 3
5. (Definition of Derivative) The derivative of a function y = f (x) at a, denoted
by f ′ (a), is
1
6. If f and g are differentiable at x, then
d
(1) The Product Rule: [f (x)g(x)] = .
dx
d [ f (x) ]
(2) The Quotient Rule: = provided g(x) ̸= 0.
dx g(x)
(3) The Chain Rule: The Chain Rule can be written in Leibniz notation,
if y = f (u) and u = g(x):
dy
= .
dx
7. The tangent line:
√
x
(1) Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve y = 2
at the point
( 1) 1 + x
1, .
2
(2) Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve y = 3x3 + sin x at the
point (0, 0).
(3) Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve x2/3 + y 2/3 = 2 at the
point (1, 1).
8. (The Intermediate Value Theorem) Suppose that f is continuous on the closed
interval [a, b] and let N be any number between f (a) and f (b), where f (a) ̸=
f (b). Then there exists a number c in (a, b) such that .
Prove that x5 − 4x3 − 3x + 1 = 0 has a root between 2 and 3.
sin θ
9. Use lim = 1 to find the following limits:
θ→0 θ
1 − cos 2θ sin θ
(1) lim (2) lim .
θ→0 1 − cos 3θ θ→π θ − π