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Force Method

This document discusses the force method of analysis for indeterminate beam structures. It provides the steps of the force method which are: 1) determine degree of static indeterminacy, 2) transform structure into statically determinate system, 3) introduce redundant forces, 4) apply loading, 5) impose compatibility conditions to solve redundant forces. It then provides 3 examples of using the force method to determine reactions at supports for continuous beams under different loading conditions.

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327 views

Force Method

This document discusses the force method of analysis for indeterminate beam structures. It provides the steps of the force method which are: 1) determine degree of static indeterminacy, 2) transform structure into statically determinate system, 3) introduce redundant forces, 4) apply loading, 5) impose compatibility conditions to solve redundant forces. It then provides 3 examples of using the force method to determine reactions at supports for continuous beams under different loading conditions.

Uploaded by

chum sambo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEC: CIVIL ENGINNERING CENTER Structural analysis

Force Method of Analysis beam

Introduction

As we know, the force method of analysis of indeterminate structure is a method of finding


the unknown parameter of the structure. And these unknowns will basically be in terms of force
and moments when it is analyzed by the force method.
The following steps are used in the force method to analyze the indeterminate structures:

Step 1: Determine the degree of static indeterminacy of the structure.


Step 2: Transform the structure into a statically determinate system by releasing some static
constraints equal to the degree of static indeterminacy, n. This is accomplished by releasing
external support conditions or by creating internal hinges. The system thus formed is called the
basic determinate structure.
Step 3: For a given released constraint j, introduce an unknown redundant force R corresponding
to the type and direction of the released constraint.
Step 4: Apply the given loading or imposed deformation to the basic determinate structure. Use a
suitable method to calculate displacements at each released constraint in the basic determinate
structure.
Step 5: Solve all the redundant forces by imposing the compatibility conditions of the original
structure. These conditions transform the basic determinate structure back to the original
structure by finding the combination of redundant forces that make displacement at each
released constraint equal to zero.

Example 1 Determine the reactions of the continuous beam in Figure 9.10a by the
flexibility method. Given: EI is constant.

ΔBO + δBB ⨯ RB ＝ 0

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CEC: CIVIL ENGINNERING CENTER Structural analysis

The deflection of simple support beam for uniform load and distributed load

4
5 wLAC 4 5 w ((2 L)) 80 wL 4
ΔBO ＝ ―――＝ ―――― ＝ ―――
384 EI 384 EI 384 EI

10 wL 4 5 wL 4
ΔBO ＝ ――― ＝ ―――
48 EI 24 EI

-wL 3 -1 ((2 L)) 3 -L 3


δBB ＝ ――― ＝ -―――― ＝ ――
48 EI 48 EI 6 EI

5 wL 4 L3
ΔBO + δBB ⨯ RB ＝ ――― - ――⨯ RB ＝ 0
24 EI 6 EI
5 wL
RB ＝ ――
4
Take moment at support A
L ⎛ L⎞
ΣM ＝ RB ⨯ L - wL ⨯ ―- wL ⨯ ⎜L + ― ⎟ + Rc ⨯ 2 L ＝ 0
2 ⎝ 2⎠
wL 2 wL 2
2 L Rc ＝ -LRB + ―― + wL 2 + ――
2 2
5 wL 3
2 L Rc ＝ -L ⨯ ――+ 2 wL 2 ＝ ―⋅ wL 2
4 4
3
Rc ＝ ―⋅ wL
8

ΣFy ＝ RA + RC + RB - wL - wL ＝ 0
3 5 wL 13 wL
RA ＝ 2 wL - ―⋅ wL - ――＝ 2 wL - ―――
8 4 8
3
RA ＝ ―⋅ wL
8

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CEC: CIVIL ENGINNERING CENTER Structural analysis

ΔB + By ⨯ fBB + Cy ⨯ fBC ＝ 0

ΔC + By ⨯ fCB + Cy ⨯ fCC ＝ 0

Example 2. Determine the reactions at the fixed support at A and the roller at B.
E ＝ 200 GPa I ＝ 300 ⨯ 10 6 mm 4

Example 3. Determine the reactions at the support at A,B and at B. Drawing the internal
force diagram of the beam.

E ＝ 200 GPa I ＝ 300 ⨯ 10 6 mm 4

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CEC: CIVIL ENGINNERING CENTER Structural analysis

Example 3. Calculate reaction of support and draw M,N and V diagram

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Page 4

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