‘-’ (Irregular Conjugation)

‘E ’ Conjugation)
Conjugation)
‘I ’ (Irregular Conjugation)
Conjugation)
Conjugation)
‘A ’ Conjugation)
 ’ (Irregular Conjugation)

Minu is really busy these days.

Please turn off the lights.

(1’ m) hungry.

Grammar Focus ...... .

For verb and adjective stems that end in - , - is omitted without exception when adding an ending
that begins with Then , the vowel that preceded - determines whether or is used in t he
ending. That is , when the vowel is or ..L, is used , otherwise is used. In the case of single-
syllable stems in which - is t he only vowel , is added after - is omitted.

IS the vowel preceding - , so therefore is added.)

.L •

( is the vowel preceding - , so therefore is added.)

(Th e stem IS a slngle syllable , so therefore is ad ded.)

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 Base Fo rm |

to be pretty

to be busy

to be sick

t o be hungry

l
to be big

to be bad

t o write , use

to turn off

In Conversation ••••••••• • •••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• {fraCK

1
A A Hami , are you crying?

B B Yes , 1’m crying because the movie was so sad.

A A Did you have a nice picnic over the weekend?

B B No , the weather was bad , so I couldn ’t go.

A A Why didn’t you come to school yesterday?

B B I had a bad stomachache. So I couldn ’t

come to school.

Conjugatlons
Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example.

,..--'
.

(1)

(2)

(3) .

(4) .

(5)

6) •

(7) A

E .

(8) A ?

B .

(9) '"

328
 ‘E ’ (Irregular Conjugation)

The girl plays well by herself.

I'd like to know what time the department store opens.

What are you making?

Grammar Focus ....... .

For verb and adjective stems that end in , is omitted without exception when adding an ending
that begins with L , , or Á. However, when an ending that begins with is added to such a
stem , even though remains as a final consonant , it is treated as a vowel , and therefore is
omitted.

(x) )
(x) )
• (x) )
)

Noun Modifier
Base Form (Present)

to live

to sell

Conjuga:io'"S
 c
to make

to open

to play

to know

to be far

to be sweet

When is added to stems ending in 2 , such as 2 and

2 is omitted , and the stem attaches directly to the ending

+ •

A
“n
A 1want to lose some weight.
R 7E
]
B In that case, stop eating sweets
like cake and chocolate.

A A Do you know where 1can get an electronic dictionary

for a good price?

B B Go to Yongsan. They sell electronics cheap there.

A A Our house is far from school , so it’s hard to commute.

B B Then why don’t you move someplace closer to school?

330
Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate form , as shown in the example.

(1)

(2)

(3) ,

(4)

(5) .

(6)

(7) A

(8) A

(9) A
B

24. Irregular Conjugations

 ‘ ’ (Irregular Conjugation)

The coffee ’s hot, so be careful.

It’s cold outside, so I stayed home.

I like spicy food

Grammar Focus .....

For a few verb and stems that end in , changes to when added to an ending
that begins with a vowel. (to assist) and (Iovely/charming) are the only two words that
change to while all others change

Noun Modifier
Base Fonn
}

-
- T
..
--::: -
- T

=: =
i

“- :1 ‘: ";:.:::f.:::
 to be spicy
-
to be hot

- C -
to be cold

-
to be heavy

to help

Although the stems of (to be narrow) , (to wear) , (to chew) , and (to catch) end in , they
are conjugated regularly.

Noun Modifier
Base For m

to wear

to be narrow

In Conversation .....

A A What kind of movies do you like?

B B 1like scary movies.

A A The food is a little bland , so could 1have some salt?

B B Here you 90.

A A Who does the child resemble most?

She/He’s adorable.

B B Thank you. She/He resembles his/her mother.

Conjugations ..:<:...::
C "1 a n ge the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example.

(1) A

B •

(2) A

(3) A

(4) A

(5)

334
 ‘I ’ Conjugation)

I listen to music while I exercise

I had no so I went by foot.

I asked her for her phone number.

Grammar Focus ..... .

For a few verb stems that end in c , c changes to w hen added to an ending that begins wit h a
vowel.

Base Form I I

E
to listen

E
to ask

to walk
L_
A.though the stems of (to c1 ose) , (to receive) , and (to believe) end in c , t hey are conjugated

Base Form ” |

A A Carol , the weather's nice, so why don’ t we

for a walk outside?

B B Okay, that sounds nice.

A A Have you heard this song? It ’s really good.

B B Really? Who sings it?

Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example.

(1)

2)

B .

…
 Conjugation)

Dane is popular because he can sing well.

The subway is faster than the bus during rush hour.

I don’t speak English.

Grammar Focus .....

For m ost verb and adjective stems that end in - of is omitted , and an additional 2 is
ad ded to form 2 2 .

B as e Form |

t o b e different

to be fast ‘
‘

to cut

Conjugations
 to know

-
to c all , sing

to grow, raise

A A Junho , Did you cut your hair? It’s stylish.

B B Really? Thanks.

A A Eric and Jason are twins , but they don ’t resemble

each other

B B Right , and their personalities are really different, too.

Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in t he example.

(1) A

21

31 ‘
B

(4) A

8 .. .. ..

338
 ‘ ’ Conjugation)

Snow White has black hair and a white complexion

The queen gave Snow White a red apple.

The prince looked at Snow White with his big blue eyes

Grammar Focus ..... .

When an adjective stem ending in is added to an ending that begins w ith a vowel, is omitted.

1 When endings beginning in vowels ot her than are added to adjective stems ending in ,
is omitted.

2 When endings beginning in are added to adjective stems ending in , is omitted , and
I is added.

Conjugations
 Base Form

to be black

to be yellow

to be blue

aEaE}? t i:!•
to be red

to be white

to be like this

to be like that

to be like that

to be how ,
to be like w hat

Althoug h the stems of (to be good) , (many) , (to bear, to give birth and (to put in ,
insert) etc. end in , they are conjugated regularly.

I Base Form
-(A)
1
j

A A Look! The autumn sky is really blue.

B B The sky is blue , and the clouds are white, just like
a painting.

A A Your face has tanned really brown (black).

B B That’5 because I went to the beach during vacation

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A A Do you know who that boy w earing the blue T-shirt is?

B B Yes , that’5 my little brother. Are you interesled in him?

When the stems of and are added to endings that begin w i th they
conjugate to instead

• (x ) How is the weather?

• ( x)- Eric said to me, “ I'm

Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks appropriately

(1) A

B •

(3)
A

B •

(4) ’”
‘
1 1,1 "'''-1/\
1 ,J['J) ,. ,_,
J:.. --:-__ A
,_ ‘
‘ . Y "' _ -

Conjugations ‘-
 ‘A ’ Conjugation)

A mosquito bit me , so my eye became swollen.

I put coffee, cream , and sugar in the cup and stir it all together.

’
Which outfit is better?

Grammar Focus ........ ......... .

For a few verb and adjective stems that end in Å , Å is o mitted when ad ded to an ending that begins
with a vowel.

8ase Form

to connect , to link

<D to be cured
to be better

<D to swell
(g} to pour l

342
 to draw (a line)

to stir, to whip

to name , to bui ld ,
to write
L _ _‘ -

Although the stems of (to take o ff), (to laugh) , and (to wash) end in .A., they are conjugated
regularly.

Base Form

A A Who named your child?

B B His/Her grandfather named him/her.

A A Did you get over your cold?

B B Yes , I’ m fine now.

A A This word is important , so please underline it.

B B Okay, I wil l.

In Korean, vowels will often combine when they meet. For example, combine to become
However, in the case of irregular .A. stems , even though vowels may meet after the .A. is deleted, they do
not combine.

• • / is the combined form

• / (x) the combined form

f ‘ . -
24. Irregular Conjugations ‘ J ‘‘
-
Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example.

‘
;

(1) .

(2)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(10) ==-: .

344