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Greenhouse Effect Science

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11 views

Greenhouse Effect Science

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ver.cerm
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT

OZONE LAYER

Veronika Čermáková, septima


Overview
• Global warming
• Greenhouse gasses
• Ozone layer
• Ozone depletion
• Montreal protocol
• Surface ozone
Global warming
• growth of the average temperature ->
climate change
• worst for unprivilegde people – poverty,
hunger
• allergies, asthma – increased growth of
ragweed, air pollution
Give an example of activity that
support global warming
How does global warming work?
1. Greenhouse gasses are
released in the air
2. Solar radiation bounces off the
Earth‘s surface
3. Greenhouse gasses trap the
heat
Can you name any of these gasses?
Greenhouse gasses
• gasses last from years to centuries
• 2015 Paris climate agreement – curbing emissions
• 40% reduction by 2030 to prevent long-lasting climate
changes
CO2 – carbon dioxide
• combustion of carbon materials
• solid form – dry ice
• decomposes to carbon monoxide + O2 at 1700 °C
• component of fertilizers and plastics
• most agressive greenhouse gas
CH4 – methane
• forms CO2 when burning
• bacterial decomposition of vegetable matter
• combustion of natural gas and coal, livestock farming
and waste management
• wetlands, volcanoes, continental margins, arctic
permafrost
• coal mines (explosive), organic chemicals, rubber
Water vapour
• most abundant greenhouse gas
• 50% of the Earth‘s greenhouse effect
• does not directly cause global warming!
• amplifies the warming caused by other gasses – warmer
air holds more moisture
Ozone layer
• made of ozone (O3)

• solar radiation block – wavelenghts less than 290nm

• 15-30 km above the Earth

• 90% of O3 in the stratosphere

• production of O3 – photodissociation – breaking O2 chemical bonds


• release single oxygen atoms – later form O3 molecules

• O3 levels naturally fluctuate – latitude, season, solar radiation levels


UV radiation
• UVA
• 95% of all UV radiation
• damages skin – tan
• damages collagen, elastin – skin aging, wrinkles

• UVB
• Higher energy than UVA
• damages skin cells – mutations,
melanoma
• can cause cataract – proteins in
eye lens get damaged
Ozone depletion
• since 1970s global O3 decrease
• firstly polar regions
• increased bromine and chlorine levels in stratosphere – ozone
depleting substances (ODS)
ODS
• ozone depleting substances
• anthropogenically made
• refrigeration, fire protection and air-conditioning systems
• holons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, methyl
chloroform…
Montreal protocol
• environmental agreement
• adopted on 16th September 1987
• all countries of United Nations
• regulates production and consumption of ODS
• aim: gradual recovery of ozone layer
• control of ODS trade, annual ODS data reports
Surface ozone
• „tropospheric ozone“
• O3 in stratosphere x O3 in troposphere
• harms people
• respiratory issues - chemical reaction
with lung tissue
• harms plants
• reduces yield for crops
• enters plants stomata
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
Sources
https://climate.nasa.gov/explore/ask-nasa-climate/3143/steamy-relationships-how-atmospheric-water-vapor-
amplifies-earths-greenhouse-effect/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Odin-satellite
https://airquality.gsfc.nasa.gov/surface-level-ozone
https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/19/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect/
https://www.britannica.com/science/nitrous-oxide
https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/what-are-greenhouse-gases
https://www.britannica.com/science/methane
https://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol
https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-dioxide
https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/what-s-the-difference-between-uva-and-uvb-
rays-.h15-1592991.html
https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101#contribute

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