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Phonemes and Graphemes

This document contains 3 sections: 1) A table listing the 26 consonant phonemes of the English language and their most common grapheme representations and examples. 2) A table listing the 20 vowel phonemes of English and their grapheme representations and examples. 3) A note about differences in pronunciation between British and American English for some vowel phonemes.

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Linh Nguyễn
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126 views

Phonemes and Graphemes

This document contains 3 sections: 1) A table listing the 26 consonant phonemes of the English language and their most common grapheme representations and examples. 2) A table listing the 20 vowel phonemes of English and their grapheme representations and examples. 3) A note about differences in pronunciation between British and American English for some vowel phonemes.

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Linh Nguyễn
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHONEMES AND GRAPHEMES

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IPA
Graphemes Examples
Symbol
CONSONANT
1 /b/ b, bb bug, bubble
2 /d/ d, dd, ed dad, add, milled
3 /f/ f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often
4 /g/ g, gg, gh,gu,gue gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue
5 /h/ h, wh hop, who
6 /dʒ/ j, ge, g, dge, di, gg jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate
7 /k/ k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box
8 /l/ l, ll live, well
9 /m/ m, mm, mb, mn, lm man, summer, comb, column, palm
10 /n/ n, nn,kn, gn, pn, mn net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic, mnemonic
11 /p/ p, pp pin, dippy
12 /r/ r, rr, wr, rh run, carrot, wrench, rhyme
13 /s/ s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course
14 /t/ t, tt, th, ed tip, matter, thomas, ripped
15 /v/ v, f, ph, ve vine, of, stephen, five
16 /w/ w, wh, u, o wit, why, quick, choir
17 /z/ z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze
18 /ʒ/ s, si, z treasure, division, azure
19 /tʃ/ ch, tch, tu, te chip, watch, future, righteous
sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience,
20 /ʃ/ sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti
station
21 /θ/ th thongs
22 /ð/ th leather
23 /ŋ/ ng, n, ngue ring, pink, tongue
24 /j/ y, i, j you, onion, hallelujah
25 /kw/ qu equip
VOWELS
1 /ɪ/ i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve
2 /i:/ e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, eo, ay be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive,
people, quay
3 /æ/ a, ai, au cat, plaid, laugh
4 /ɑ:/ a arm
5 /aɪ/ i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite
6 /e/ e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer,
aesthetic
7 /ɜ:ʳ/ ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle
8 /eɪ/ a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge,
a_e, ea, ey mate, break, they
9 /ʌ/ u, o, oo, ou lug, monkey, blood, double
10 /ɒ/ a, ho, au, aw, ough swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought
11 /ɔ:/ aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war,
ar, ough, au bought, sauce
12 /ɔɪ/ oi, oy, uoy join, boy, buoy
13 /ʊ/ o, oo, u,ou wolf, look, bush, would
14 /u:/ o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, who, loon, dew, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit,
oew, ou manoeuvre, group
15 /oʊ/ o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew
ew
16 /aʊ/ ow, ou, ough now, shout, bough
17 /ə/ a, er, i, ar, our, ur about, ladder, pencil, dollar, honour, augur
18 / əʊ / o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ou, ough, eau, go, road, pole, toe, throw, shoulder, though, beauty,
oo, ew brooch, sew
19 /eəʳ/ air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer
20 /ɪəʳ/ ear, eer, ere, ier ear, steer, here, tier
21 /ʊəʳ/ ure, our cure, tourist

 Note: /əʊ/ vs /oʊ/  British vs American


e.g: bowl: /bəʊl/ (UK) - /boʊl/ (US)
though: /ðəʊ/ (UK) - /ðoʊ/ (US)

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