WEST BENGAL COUNCIL OF HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION

SYLLABUS FOR CLASS XI AND XII

SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS ( MATH )

Course Objectives
The Mathematics curriculum has undergone periodic revisions in response to the field's expansion and the changing
demands of society. The senior secondary stage serves as a springboard for students to pursue professional
programs in engineering, physical and biological science, commerce, or computer applications, or to pursue higher
education in mathematics. In order to address the evolving demands of all student categories, the current revised
syllabus has been created. More focus has been placed on the application of certain principles, drawing inspiration
for the issues from real-world scenarios and other academic disciplines.

The following are the main goals of teaching mathematics to senior school students:

 To develop general interest in Mathematics as a discipline.

 To gain critical insight and knowledge of fundamental terminology, concepts, principles, symbols, and skills,
especially through motivation and visualization, as well as mastery of underlying procedures and abilities.
 To experience the logic flowing while demonstrating an outcome or resolving an issue.
 To use the gained information and abilities to solve issues, using many approaches where feasible.
 To familiarize students with the various applications of mathematics in everyday life.
 Developing a sense of appreciation and respect for notable mathematicians and their contributions to
mathematics is important.
 To cultivate an optimistic outlook in order to reason, evaluate, and speak coherently.
 To cultivate curiosity for the topic by taking part in competitions related to it.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course the students are expected to develop expertise in various areas of the subject and gain
critical insights into the background dynamics of the problem solving process.

The following are the major course outcomes. A student is expected to:

 Develop problem solving skills and apply mathematical concepts to real life situations.
 Cultivate critical thinking and analytical skills in mathematical context.
 Collaborate with peers to solve complex mathematical problems.
 Make predictions and draw conclusions based on statistical data.
 Get a preliminary idea of using technology, like calculators in problem solving.
 Effectively communicate mathematical ideas and solutions both verbally and in writing.
 Present mathematical arguments and justifications.
 Prepare for standardized examinations based on the curriculum.
 Understand the relevance of mathematics in real-world applications.
 CLASS - XI
SEMESTER – I
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS ( MATH )
FULL MARKS: 40 CONTACT HOURS: 100 Hours
COURSE CODE : THEORY

CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
UNIT-I SETS AND FUNCTIONS 45 15
1. Sets
Sets and their representations, Empty set, Finite and Infinite
sets, Equal sets, Subsets, Subsets of the set of real numbers
especially intervals (with notations). 15 4
Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection
of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of
Complement sets.
2. Relations and Functions
Ordered pairs. Cartesian product of sets, Number of elements in
the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the
set of reals with itself (up to 𝑅 × 𝑅 × 𝑅). Definition of relation,
pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation.
Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another.
15 4
Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and
range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of
these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus,
exponential, logarithmic, signum and greatest integer functions
with their graphs. sum, difference, product and quotients of
functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions
Positive and negative angles, Measuring angles in radians and in
degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition
of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of
the identity sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1, for all 𝑥. Signs of trigonometric 15 7
functions, domain, range and sketch their graphs. Expressing
sin(𝑥 ± 𝑦) and cos(𝑥 ± 𝑦) in terms of sin 𝑥 , cos 𝑥, sin 𝑦 and
cos 𝑦.
 CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
Deducing identities like the following:
± ∓
tan(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = , cot(𝑥 ± 𝑦) =
∓ ±
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
sin 𝑥 + sin 𝑦 = 2 sin cos
2 2
cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos cos ,

sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑦 = 2 cos sin ,

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦 = −2 sin sin
2 2
Identities related to sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x.
General solutions of trigonometric equations of the type
sin 𝜃 = sin 𝛼 , cos 𝜃 = cos 𝛼 and tan 𝜃 = tan 𝛼.

Unit-II ALGEBRA 30 15
1. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Need for complex numbers, especially √−1, to be motivated by
inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic
13 6
properties of complex numbers. Argand plane, polar
representation of complex numbers, modulus, argument. solution
of quadratic equation in complex number system.
2. Linear Inequalities
Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one
variable and modulus function and their representation on the 5 4
number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two
variables.
3. Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial 𝑛 (𝑛!). Permutations
12 5
and combinations, derivation of formulae for n Pr and n Cr and

their connections, simple applications.

Unit-III CALCULUS 25 10

1. Limits and Derivatives

Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions,
trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivative
introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and
geometrically. Definition of derivative, relate it to scope of
tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and
quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric
functions.
 SEMESTER – II

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS ( MATH )

FULL MARKS: 40 CONTACT HOURS: 80 HOURS
COURSE CODE : THEORY
CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
Unit-I ALGEBRA 35 15
1. Principle of Mathematical Induction
Process of the proof by induction motivating the application of
method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive 7 3
subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction
and simple applications.
2. Binomial theorem
History, Statement and proof of the binomial theorem for
13 6
positive integral indices. Pascal’s Triangle, General and middle
term in Binomial expansion, Simple applications.
3. Sequence and series
Sequence and series. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.), Arithmetic
Mean (A.M.), Geometric Progression (G.P.), Geometric Mean
15 6
(G.M,) relation between A.M. & G.M., Arithmetic-Geometric
Progression Series (AGP series), infinite G.P. and its sum, sum to

n terms of the special series  x,  x 2

and x 3

Unit-II COORDINATE GEOMETRY (2D) 30 15

1. Straight lines
Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes.
Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of
10 5
equations of a line: Parallel to Axis, Point–slope form, slope
intercept form, two point form, intercept form, distance of a
point from a line.
2. Conic sections
Sections of a Cone: circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a
straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated
case of conic section; Standard equation of circle, general 20 10
equation of circle, Standard equations and simple properties of
Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola.
 CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
Unit-III STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 15 10
1. Statistics
Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance and 5 3
standard deviation of ungrouped/ grouped data
2. Probability
Random experiments, outcomes, Sample spaces (set
representation), Events: Occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and
‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, 10 7
Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other
theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of
‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

[ Note:20 Hours reserved for Remedial classes, Tutorials and Home Assignments.]
 Course: Project for Class XI

Full Marks: 20
Projects should be conducted regularly throughout the year. A project notebook is to be prepared by each and every
student where all the below mentioned activities should be recorded. There should be a project assessment once a
year (once in Class XI and once in Class XII) where the student will be asked to do one of the activities and write it in
his/her script provided for the purpose. The student should carry his/her project notebook during the assessment. A
viva should also be conducted during the assessment to test the knowledge of the student regarding the project
activity.

List of Projects for Class XI

Sl. No. Topics Activities

Sequence and Series To illustrate that the arithmetic mean of two different positive
numbers is always greater than the geometric mean.
1

Complex Number To interpret geometrically the meaning of 𝑖 = √−1 and its integral
powers.
2

Trigonometric Functions To illustrate the values of sine and cosine functions for different
angles which are multiples of and 𝜋.
3

Theory of Sets To show that the total number of subsets of a given set with ′𝑛′
number of elements is 2 .
4

5 Theory of Sets Theoretic Operations using Venn Diagrams.

Relations and Functions To verify that for two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑛(𝐴 × 𝐵) = 𝑝𝑞 and the total
number of relations from 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 2 , where 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑝 and
6
𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑞.

7 Limits and Derivatives To find analytically lim 𝑓(𝑥) =

→

8 Probability To write the sample space, when a coin is tossed once, two times,
three times.

9 Conic Sections To recognize different types of conics and its parts.

10 Permutations and To find out the number of permutations and combinations from a set
Combinations of 3 different objects taking 2 at a time.

Marks Division for the Project Assessment

Sl. No. Item Marks

1 Project Notebook 10

2 Doing and writing a project during the project assessment 5

3 Viva 5

Total 20
 CLASS - XII
SEMESTER – III
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS ( MATH )
FULL MARKS: 40 CONTACT HOURS: 100 Hours
COURSE CODE : THEORY

CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
UNIT-I RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 20 7
1. Relations and Functions
Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and
10 4
equivalence relations. One-to-one and onto functions, composite
functions, inverse of a function.
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of
10 3
inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of
inverse trigonometric functions.
UNIT- II ALGEBRA 25 10
1. Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero
matrix, identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and
skew-symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar
multiplication of matrices; properties of addition, multiplication
and scalar multiplication. Simple properties of addition, 15 6
multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of
multiplication of matrices. Existence of non-zero matrices whose
product is a zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2).
Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse (if it
exists). (Here all matrices will have real entries).
2. Determinants
Determinant of a square matrix (upto 3 × 3 matrices), properties
of determinants, minors, cofactors and application of
determinants in finding the area of a triangle.

Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, 10 4

inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear

equations by examples. Solutions of system of linear equations
in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse
of a matrix.
 CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
UNIT-III CALCULUS 38 15
1. Continuity and Differentiability
Concept of Continuity and differentiability, derivative of
composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse
trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions, concept
20 8
of exponential and logarithmic functions, Derivatives of
logarithmic and exponential functions, Logarithmic
differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric
forms. Second order derivatives.
2. Application of Derivatives
Application of derivatives, Rate of change of quantities,
increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals,
18 7
maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated
geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable
tool). Simple problems on basic principles and real life situations.
UNIT-IV PROBABILITY 17 8
Conditional Probability, Multiplication theorem on probability,
independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random
variable and its probability distribution. Mean and variance of a
random variable.
 SEMESTER – IV

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS ( MATH )

FULL MARKS: 40 CONTACT HOURS: 80 HOURS
COURSE CODE : THEORY
CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
Unit-I VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 30 15
1. Vectors
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction
cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal,
unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a
point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of 10 5
vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a
point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition,
Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar
(dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.
2. Three-Dimensional Geometry
Introduction to 3D geometry, Coordinate axes and coordinate
planes in 3D. Coordinates of a point, distance between two
points, Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining 20 10
points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew
lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two
lines.
Unit-II CALCULUS 40 20
1. Integrals
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of
a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and
by parts. Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types
and problems based on them.

∫ ∫ ∫√ ∫ ∫ 20 9
± ± √

∫ d𝑥 ∫ d𝑥 ∫ 𝑎 ± 𝑥 d𝑥 ∫ √𝑥 − 𝑎 d𝑥

∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 dx
Fundamental theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties
of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
 CONTACT
UNIT No. TOPICS MARKS
HOURS
2. Applications of the Integrals
Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially 10 6
lines, circles/parabolas/ ellipses (in standard form only)
3. Differential Equations

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of

a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by
method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous
differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions 10 5
of linear differential equation of the type:

+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑞 where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are functions of 𝑥 or constants

+ 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑞 where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are functions of 𝑦 or constants

Unit-III LINEAR PROGRAMMING 10 5

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints,
objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for
problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or
unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible
solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

[ Note:20 Hours reserved for Remedial classes, Tutorials and Home Assignments. ]
 Course: Project for Class XII
Full Marks: 20
Projects should be conducted regularly throughout the year. A project notebook is to be prepared by each and every
student where all the below mentioned activities should be recorded. There should be a project assessment once a
year (once in Class XI and once in Class XII) where the student will be asked to do one of the activities and write it in
his/her script provided for the purpose. The student should carry his/her project notebook during the assessment. A
viva should also be conducted during the assessment to test the knowledge of the student regarding the project
activity.

List of Projects for Class XII

Sl. No. Topics Activities

1. Relations and Function To verify that the relation 𝑅 in the set L of all straight lines in a
plane, defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑙, 𝑚): 𝑙 ∥ 𝑚} is an equivalence relation,

2. Relations and Function To demonstrate a function which is one-one but not onto.

3. Relations and Function To demonstrate a function which is not one-one but onto.

4. Differential Calculus To find analytically the limit of a function f (x) at x = c and also to
check the continuity of the function at that point.

5. Differential Calculus To verify that amongst all the rectangles of the same perimeter,
the square has the maximum area.

6. Differential Calculus To understand the concepts of absolute maximum and minimum

values of a function in a given closed interval through its graph.

7. Three-Dimensional To explain the concept of octant by three mutually perpendicular

Geometry planes in space.

8. Three-Dimensional To measure the shortest distance between two skew lines and
Geometry verify it analytically.

9. Probability To explain the computation of conditional probability of a given

event A, when event B has already occurred, through an example
of throwing a pair of dice.

10. Linear Inequalities To verify that a given inequality of the form

ax + by + c < 0 , a, b > 0, c < 0 represents only one of the two half

planes.

Marks division for the Project Assessment

Sl. No. Item Marks

1. Project Notebook 10

2. Doing and Writing a project during the project assessment 05

3. Viva 05

Total 20