1.

D
[1]

2. C
[1]

3. A
[1]

4. C
[1]

5. B
[1]

6. B
[1]

7. B
[1]

8. A
[1]

9. C
[1]

10. A
[1]

1
11. D
[1]

12. B
[1]

13. A
[1]

14. (a) longitudinal; 1

(b) (i) wavelength = 0.5 m; 1

(ii) amplitude = 0.5 mm; 1
(iii) correct substitution into speed = frequency × wavelength;
to give v = 660 × 0.5 = 330 m s–1; 2 max
[5]

15. Wave properties

(a) (i) direction in which energy is travelling / locus of one point on a
wavefront; 1
(ii) speed at which energy is propagated along the wave; 1

(b) (i) ({
frequency = 6.0 ×10 −3 }
−1
)=170 Hz; 1

(ii) at t = 1.0ms , displacement (= 1.7 + 0.7) = 2.4mm;

at t = 8.0ms, displacement = 1.7 − 0.7;
= 1.0mm; 3
[6]

2
16. (a) a wave in which the direction of energy propagation;
is at right angles to the direction of vibration of the particles of the medium
through which the wave is travelling / OWTTE; 2
or
suitable labelled diagram eg

vibration of
particles / medium direction of
energy propagation

(b) any em wave / elastic waves in solids / accept water; 1

(c)
displacement
/ cm

5.0 15 25 35 45

distance along string / cm

correct annotation
(i) A (4.0 cm); 1
(ii) λ (30.0 cm); 1

1 1
(d) f= = = 830 Hz;
T 1.2 × 10 −3
c = fλ = 830 × 0.30 = 250 m s–1; 2

3
 (e)
displacement
/ cm

5.0 15 25 35 45

distance along string / cm

troughs / peaks moved to the right;

by λ / 4 (7.5 cm); (judge by eye)
wave continuous between x = 0 and x = 45 cm; 3
[10]

17. Wave properties

(a) (i)

(ii)
1

(b)

A
M

4
 (i) downwards; 1
(ii) correct marking of A; 1
(iii) correct marking of λ; 1
(iv) +ve sine curve;
correct position of N; 2
Watch for ecf from (i).

v
(c) (i) f= to give 2.0 Hz; 1
λ

(ii) T = 0.5 s;
vT
s= = 1.25 (1.3) cm;
4
or
T
in wave moves forward 1
4 λ;
4
5
= = 1.25 (1.3) cm; 2 max
4

(d) Principle of superposition:

when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement at any point;
is the sum of the displacements due to each wave separately / OWTTE;
Award [2 max] for an answer that shows a clear understanding
of the principle, [1] for a reasonable understanding and [0] for
a weak answer.
Explanation:

suitable diagram;
when two +ve pulses (or two wave crests) overlap, they reinforce / OWTTE; 4
Any situation where resultant displacement looks as though it is
the sum of the individual displacements. Mark the description
of the principle and the description of constructive interference
together.
[14]

5
18. (a) ray: direction in which wave (energy) is travelling;
wavefront: line joining (neighbouring) points that have the same phase /
displacement /
Or suitable reference to Huygen’s principle;
ray is normal to a wavefront; 3

(b) (i) wavefront parallel to D; 1

(ii) frequency is constant;

since v = f λ, v ∞ λ;
wavelength larger in medium I, hence higher speed in medium I; 3
Allow solution based on angles marked on diagram or speed of
wavefronts.

v I λI
(iii) ratio = = (or based on Snell’s law);
vR λR
3.0
= = 2.0 allow ± 0.5; 2
1.5

(c) (i) velocity / displacement / direction in (+) and (–) directions;

idea of periodicity; 2

(ii) period = 3.0 ms;

1
frequency = = 330 Hz; 2
T

(iii) Accept any one of the following.

at time t = 0, 1.5 ms, 3.0 ms, 4.5 ms, etc; 1

(iv) area of half-loop = 140 ± 10 squares / mean v = 4.0 m s–1 accept ± 0.2;
= 140 × 0.4 × 0.1 × 10–3 / 4.0 × 1.5 × 10–3;
= 5.6 × 10–3 m / 6.0 × 10–3 m; 2
Award [1] for area of triangle.

(v) (twice) the amplitude; 1

Allow distance moved in 1.5 m s.
[17]