CHAP 2 Part III
CHAP 2 Part III
BAA1113
• Aims
– To review the Parallelogram Law and Trigonometry
– To explain the Force Vectors
– To explain the Vectors Operations ( Parlaw & Cartesian)
– To express force and position in Cartesian Vectors
• Expected Outcomes
– Able to solve the problems of force and position vectors in the
mechanics applications by using Cartesian Coordinate System
• References
– Russel C. Hibbeler. Engineering Mechanics: Statics & Dynamics,
14th Edition
Chapter Outline
What is Position
Vector?
Measure the
Position vector r can
length of cable
be established
AB
r = xi + yj + zk
Angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾
Unit vector u = r/r represent the
direction of cable
AB
Force Vector Directed Along a Line
Step 3
Direction = coordinate angles of rAB
or
-point A (XA, YA, ZA) and B (XB, YB, ZB )
-point A (1, 0, -3) and B (-2, 2, 3 )
rAB = {( XB – XA ) i + ( YB – YA ) j + ( ZB – ZA ) k }m
rAB = {( -2 – 1 )i + ( 2 – 0 ) j + (3 – (- 3) ) k }m
rAB = {( -3 )i + (2 ) j + ( 6) k }m
Solution Example 2.12
The elastic rubber band is attached to points A and B. Determine the length and
direction measured from A to B
Step 2 Established unit vector uAB = rAB rAB )
Direction A to B
Step 3 uAB = cos i + cos j + cos k
= cos-1(-3/7) = 115°
= cos-1(2/7) = 73.4°
= cos-1(6/7) = 31°
Example 2.13
Determine the force FAC in the Cartesian vectors. Given , the 420 N
Force along the cable AC
Step 1
Established position vector rAC
Step 2
Determine the force FAC in the Cartesian vectors. Given , the 420 N
Force along the cable AC
Step 1 Established position vector rAC
From A to C, it’s need to go 2 m in the x-
direction, 3 m in the y-direction, and -6 m
in the z-direction
rAC = { 2 i + 3 j – 6 k }m
rAC = {( 2 – 0 ) i + ( 3 – 0 ) j + ( 0 – 6) k }m
rAC = {( 2 ) i + (3 ) j + ( – 6) k }m
Solution Example 2.13
Determine the force FAC in the Cartesian vectors. Given , the 420 N
Force along the cable AC Step 2
Two forces are acting on the flag pole which FB = 560N and FC = 700N.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force FR Step 1 Established position vector
rAB
rAC
Step 2 Established unit vector
uAB = rAB rAB )
uAC = rAC rAC )
Step 3
Magnitude of force FAB = FAB /uAB
FAC = FAC /uAC
Add the two forces to get FR
Calculate the magnitude and direction of FR
Example 2.14
Two forces are acting on the flag pole which FB = 560N and FC = 700N.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force FR Step 1 Established position vector
rAB = {2 i 3 j 6 k} m
rAC = {3 i + 2 j 6 k} m
Two forces are acting on the flag pole which FB = 560N and FC = 700N.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force FR Magnitude of force
Step 3
FAB = FAB /uAB
FAB = 560 (rAB / rAB) N
FAB = 560 ( 2 i – 3 j – 6 k) / 7 N
FAB = (160 i – 240 j – 480 k) N
Two forces are acting on the flag pole which FB = 560N and FC = 700N.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force FR Magnitude of F
Step 3 R
FAB = (160 i – 240 j – 480 k) N
FAC = {300 i + 200 j – 600 k} N
FR = FAB + FAC
= {460 i – 40 j – 1080 k} N
A • B= (Ax i + Ay j + Az k) • (Bx i + By j + Bz k)
= Ax Bx + AyBy + AzBz
i•j = 0 & i•i = 1
Application of Dot Product
Angle Components
between two of vectors
vectors
1. Commutative law
A·B = B·A
2. Multiplication by a scalar
a(A·B) = (aA)·B = A·(aB) = (A·B)a
3. Distribution law
A·(B + D) = (A·B) + (A·D)
Law of Operation of Dot Product
The force are acting on the hook at point A. Determine the angle
between the force and the line AO, and the magnitude of the projection
of force along the line AO Step 1 Established position vector
rAO
The force are acting on the hook at point A. Determine the angle
between the force and the line AO, and the magnitude of the projection
of force along the line AO Step 1 Established position vector
rAO = {1 i + 2 j 2 k} m
Step 4 A = A║ + A┴,
then A┴ = A - A║
Solution Example 2.16
A = A║ + A┴,
then A┴ = A - A║
2 2
F F FAB
300 N 2 257.1N 2
155 N
Example 2.17
For angle θ
rBA = {-2i - 2j + 1k}m
rBC = {- 3j + 1k}m
Thus,
rBA rBC 20 2 3 11
cos
rBA rBC 3 10
0.7379
rAB (2i 2 j 1k )
42.5
u AB
rAB 3
2 2 1
i j k
3 3 3
Express in Cartesian form:
FAB F .u B
Parallel component 2 2 1
Perpendicular componet 758.9 j 253.0k i j k
3 3 3
0 506.0 84.3
590 N
Solution Example 2.17
8002 5902
Magnitude can be determined from F┴
or from Pythagorean Theorem
540 N
Conclusion of The Chapter 2 part III
• Conclusions