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NLP

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on interactions between computers and human language. Text classification is a specific NLP task where the goal is to automatically categorize text documents into predefined categories. The process involves collecting labeled text data, preprocessing it, extracting features, training a machine learning model, evaluating the model, fine-tuning it, and using the final model to predict categories for new text data. Popular techniques include bag-of-words, TF-IDF, word embeddings, naive Bayes, SVMs, logistic regression, and neural networks.

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14 views

NLP

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on interactions between computers and human language. Text classification is a specific NLP task where the goal is to automatically categorize text documents into predefined categories. The process involves collecting labeled text data, preprocessing it, extracting features, training a machine learning model, evaluating the model, fine-tuning it, and using the final model to predict categories for new text data. Popular techniques include bag-of-words, TF-IDF, word embeddings, naive Bayes, SVMs, logistic regression, and neural networks.

Uploaded by

Jaspreet Saini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on the interaction

between computers and human language. Text classification is a specific task within NLP where the goal
is to automatically categorize text documents into predefined categories or classes. This is also known as
text categorization or document classification.

Here's a step-by-step explanation of how NLP is applied to text classification:

1. **Data Collection:**

- Gather a dataset that consists of labeled examples. Each example should be a piece of text
(document, sentence, or phrase) with an associated category label.

2. **Data Preprocessing:**

- Clean and preprocess the text data. This involves removing irrelevant information, handling special
characters, converting text to lowercase, and performing tokenization (splitting text into individual words
or tokens).

3. **Feature Extraction:**

- Represent the text data as numerical features that can be used by machine learning algorithms.
Common techniques include:

- Bag of Words (BoW): Represents each document as a vector of word occurrences.

- TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency): Weights words based on their importance in
a document relative to the entire corpus.

- Word Embeddings: Dense vector representations of words that capture semantic relationships.

4. **Model Training:**

- Choose a machine learning model suitable for text classification. Popular choices include:

- Naive Bayes

- Support Vector Machines (SVM)

- Logistic Regression

- Neural Networks (e.g., recurrent or convolutional neural networks)

5. **Training the Model:**


- Feed the labeled data into the chosen model for training. The model learns the patterns and
relationships between the input features (text data) and the corresponding output labels (categories).

6. **Model Evaluation:**

- Assess the performance of the trained model using a separate set of labeled data (validation or test
set). Common evaluation metrics for text classification include accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and
confusion matrix.

7. **Fine-tuning:**

- Adjust the model hyperparameters or architecture based on the evaluation results to improve
performance.

8. **Inference:**

- Once the model is trained and optimized, it can be used to predict the category of new, unseen text
data.

NLP for text classification is applied in various real-world scenarios such as spam detection, sentiment
analysis, topic categorization, and more. Advances in deep learning, particularly with transformer-based
models like BERT and GPT, have also significantly impacted the field, achieving state-of-the-art results in
many tasks.

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