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Week 4 Part 2

Cell splitting is the process of subdividing a congested cell into smaller cells to increase capacity. This involves installing additional base stations between existing cells to define new, smaller cells. By increasing the number of base stations and cells, more channels can be reused in the same area, reducing traffic load on individual base stations and improving capacity. An example shows an existing cell saturated with traffic being split by adding two new base stations to create three smaller cells within the original cell's coverage area.

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10 views

Week 4 Part 2

Cell splitting is the process of subdividing a congested cell into smaller cells to increase capacity. This involves installing additional base stations between existing cells to define new, smaller cells. By increasing the number of base stations and cells, more channels can be reused in the same area, reducing traffic load on individual base stations and improving capacity. An example shows an existing cell saturated with traffic being split by adding two new base stations to create three smaller cells within the original cell's coverage area.

Uploaded by

jivap41040
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cellular Network: Concept of Cell,

Cluster and Cell Splitting

Lecture 4 (Part 2)
Prepared By
Rumana Tasnim
Cell Splitting

It is the process of subdividing a congested cell


into smaller cells, each with its own base station
and a corresponding reduction in antenna height
and transmitter power.
Cell Splitting

Cell splitting increase the capacity of the cellular


system since it increases the number of times
that channels are reused.

By defining new cells which have a smaller radius


than the original cells and by installing these
smaller cells (microcells) between the existing
cell, capacity increases due to additional
channels/ unit area.
Cell Splitting

 An example of cell splitting is shown in the Figure.

 The base station are placed in corners of the cells, and


area served by base station A is assumed to be
saturated with traffic.

 New base stations are therefore needed in the region


to increases the number of channels in the area and to
reduce the area served by the single base station.
Cell Splitting
Cellular Network
Overview of Location Services

 Base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that


facilitates wireless communication between mobile and a
network.
Cell-id based location
 Assigned an id of the cell that a person is in.
 Cell-id is stored in a database.
 As a person moves from one cell to another, he is assigned
a different cell-id and the location database is updated.
Most commonly used in cellular networks. (HLR, VLR)
HLR and VLR
In general HLR contains information about all
subscribers within a network
while VLR contains more dynamic information
relevant to subscribers roaming within
the VLR area.

HLR acts as a fixed reference point to a given


mobile station (subscriber) while his VLR can
vary depending on the mobility.
Operation of Cellular Systems
 Base station (BS) at center of each cell
– Antenna, controller, transceivers Controller handles call
process

 BS connected to mobile telecommunications switching office (MTSO)


– One MTSO serves multiple BS
– MTSO to BS link by wire or wireless
 MTSO:
– MTSO contains switching equipment or Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC) for routing mobile phone calls.
– Connects calls between mobile units and from mobile to fixed
telecommunications network
– Assigns voice channel and performs handoffs
– Monitors calls (billing)
Overview of Cellular System

Figure : Cellular Network


Typical Call in Single MTSO Area

 Mobile unit initialization


– Scan and select strongest set up control channel
–
Automatically selected BS antenna of cell

 Mobile originated call


– Check if set up channel is free
 Monitor forward channel (from BS) and wait for idle

 Paging: Paging is the one-to-one communication between the mobile and the
base station
– MTSO attempts to connect to mobile unit
– Paging message sent to BSs depending on called mobile number
–
Typical Call in Single MTSO Area
 Call accepted
– Mobile unit recognizes number on set up channel
– Responds to BS which sends response to MTSO
– MTSO sets up circuit between calling and called BSs
– MTSO selects available traffic channel within cells and notifies BSs
– BSs notify mobile unit of channel
 Ongoing call
– Voice/data exchanged through respective BSs and MTSO
 Handoff
– Mobile unit moves out of range of cell into range of another cell
 Without interruption of service to user
Other Functions
 Call blocking
– During mobile-initiated call stage, if all traffic channels are busy,
mobile tries again
– After number of fails, busy tone returned
 Call termination
– User hangs up
– MTSO informed

 Call drop
– BS cannot maintain required signal strength
– Traffic channel dropped and MTSO informed
 Calls to/from fixed and remote mobile subscriber
– MTSO connects to PSTN
– MTSO can connect mobile user and fixed subscriber via PSTN
– MTSO can connect to remote MTSO via PSTN or via dedicated lines
Call Stages
THANK YOU

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