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2nd Lesson Sequenses and Series

1) A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of natural numbers. 2) Sequences can be used to determine if a series converges or diverges based on comparing the powers of the top and bottom terms. 3) Important limits to know regarding sequences include limits involving exponential, logarithmic, and power functions.

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7 views

2nd Lesson Sequenses and Series

1) A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of natural numbers. 2) Sequences can be used to determine if a series converges or diverges based on comparing the powers of the top and bottom terms. 3) Important limits to know regarding sequences include limits involving exponential, logarithmic, and power functions.

Uploaded by

yirago8621
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Sequences and Series

1
Sequences
Definition
A sequence is a function whose domain is ℕ.

A sequence is a list.
s
s
𝑛3 +3𝑛+4
Example: Determine the convergence of
2𝑛2 +𝑛+1

9
nn
Tower of Power n!
3n
en
n4
n2
n
√n
∜n
ln n
Limits
• If the bottom is more powerful, the fraction goes
to 0.

• If the top is more powerful, the fraction goes to


infinity.

• In case of tie, break out the coefficients.


14
Examples
 3n3  4 
 2 
 n  5n 

Diverges to infinity
Examples
3𝑛2 + 4
5𝑛2 − 2𝑛

3
Converges to
5
Examples
 3n 2  4 
 6 
 n  5n 

Converges to 0
Examples
 3 ln n  4 
 
 n5 n 

Converges to 0
Examples
 5en  n 
 2 
n 2 n 

Diverges to ∞
Important Facts to Know
k
 1
lim 1    e
k 
 k

lim k 1/ k
1
k 

lim k
a =1
k®¥
Theorem

Suppose (sn ) converges to s and


(tn ) converges to t.
lim n ( sn  tn )  s  t
lim n ksn  ks
lim n sntn  st
sn s
lim n  , if tn  0, t  0
tn t
Squeeze Theorem
Suppose an  bn  cn and lim an  lim cn  L
n n

Then lim bn  L
n 
Definitions

an is increasing if an 1  an for all n

an is strictly increasing if an 1  an for all n

an is decreasing if an 1  an for all n

an is strictly decreasing if an 1  an for all n

an is monotone if it is either increasing or decreasing


Definitions

an is bounded above by M if an  M for all n

an is bounded below by M if an  M for all n

an is bounded if it is bounded both above and below


Bounded Monotone Convergence Theorem

An increasing sequence converges if and only if it is


bounded above.

A decreasing sequence converges if and only if it is


bounded below.

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