After, for, until, when, while, as soon as, as long as,

just as, as, by the time, since, jut as

1. I used to play football I was in college.

1. You can borrow this book for you like.

2. The doorbell rang I was having a shower.

3. You can't watch the football game you have finished

your homework.

4. The concert had already started Sam arrived.

5. We have been waiting at the bus stop four o'clock.

6. he had sat down to eat, the telephone started ringing.

7. Jimmy will start working in his father's company he

has graduated from college.

8. Monica has been living in France ten years.

9. he entered the classroom he turned off his mobile

phone.
hoose the correct coordinating conjunction to complete the sentence. And, but, or

1. She invited Marco Theresa to the party.

2. What kind of music do you like, classical hip hop?
3. It’s a beautiful day, we are going to the park.
4. I went to London I didn’t see the Queen.
5. He practises the piano everyday he wants to be a musician.

Correlative Conjunctions

Complete the sentences with missing part of the correlative conjunctions.

1. No sooner had we sat down for lunch it started to rain.

2. Either you behave yourself you will get detention.
 3. I am not as tall you.
4. Both Sally Susan were late to the meeting.
5. Neither Bradley Angelica knew the answer.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Choose the correct subordinating conjunction to complete the sentence.

1. My friend often goes to London, I have never been there.

2. She earns a lot of money she is a very famous actress.
3. Last night there was a power outage we were watching TV.
4. He gave me his phone number I can call him any time.
5. it was so dark on the way home, I used my torch.

1. She got the job _______________ the fact that she had very little
experience.

2. My sister's hand-writing is always so neat, _______________ mine is a

total mess.

3. I lost the game, but I told myself that I had improved a lot
_______________.

4. You'd better wear a helmet when you go roller-blading.

_______________, you could hurt yourself.
5. Reading is an excellent way to increase your vocabulary.
_______________, it can also help you improve your grammar.

6. The student's essay was badly written. _______________, it was too

short.

7. Wine will spoil if exposed to light; _______________, wine bottles are

usually green or yellow.

hence
8. Alcohol can delay your reaction times; ______________, you should
never drink and drive.

although
9. _______________ we have talked about the dangers of smoking to the
students before, I think the information bears being repeated.

w hereas
10. Our prime minister is an incompetent leader. ____________, his
government is financially irresponsible.

11. In March of 1999, more than 130 nations signed a United Nations how ever
Treaty banning land mines; ____________, the United States, Russia and
China did not sign.

12. He was an absolute failure in medical school, so he decided to try law instead
____________.
13. Margaret Mead once observed, "Never doubt that a small group of in fact
thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. ____________, it's
the only thing that ever has."

unless
14. You are not eligible for a subsidized bus pass ____________ you are a
full-time student.

in fact
1. Eating well is important for good health. _______________, it helps to
make you more attractive.

therefore
2. The apartment is very pretty and, _______________, the rent is quite
low.

in fact
3. Research has shown that bright yellow and bright blue are the most
visible, and _______________ safest, colours for cars.

therefore
4. Our production costs have increased, _______________ our prices
have gone up as well.

otherw ise
5. You'd better work on improving your pronunciation; _______________,
you'll fail the speaking test.
 despite
6. She has decided to stay with her husband _______________ the fact he
cheated on her with her best friend.

consequently
7. I'm not really interested in history, but the lecture was quite interesting
_______________.

although
8. _______________ most substances shrink when they are cooled, water
actually expands.

although
9. ____________ each individual is unique, members of the same species
share certain obvious common features.

moreover
10. No, I don't want to go to dinner with you. ____________, I'd like you to
stop asking me out, because I'm really not interested.

unless
11. There is no wind on the moon, so ____________ someone disturbs
them, an astronaut's footprints will last forever!

12. A snake has no ears; ____________, its tongue is extremely sensitive

to sound vibrations.

13. I tried to phone you, but I dialed the wrong area code, and got someone
living in Louisiana ____________.
14. He was weakened by the disease, and ____________ vulnerable to
infection.

1. She was wearing only a T-shirt and shorts, _______________ the cold
weather.

2. She is an excellent dancer. _______________, many people are

unaware that she also has a beautiful singing voice.

3. Children need something to occupy their time; _______________, they

get bored.

4. The students were well-prepared for the exam, _______________ their

high scores.

5. Eating is a requirement for living; _______________, there must be

mechanisms in the body and mind that make us hungry and interested in
eating at regular intervals.

6. Despite its small size, a sparrow has 14 bones in its neck,

_______________ a giraffe only has seven.
7. He does things quite slowly sometimes, but they are _______________
done very well.

8. She is a very hard worker; _______________, she is liked by everyone

in the office.

9. She was thinking of buying a new car, but her friend convinced her to
buy a used car ____________.

10. ____________ you may not know the formal rules of your own
language, you know a lot about its grammar, and you can use that
knowledge when studying a second language.

11. You cannot vote in a municipal election ____________ you are a

resident of the area.

12. Attempting to commit suicide is no longer illegal; ____________,

counselling suicide still remains a criminal act.

13. The planet Venus does not tilt as it goes around the Sun;
____________, it has no seasons.

14. If you ever need any help, give me a call, and ____________, if I need
some assistance, I'll let you know.
1. The prime minister has already announced his intention to step down,
and _______________ is no longer regarded as influential in directing
future policy initiatives.

2. _______________ the fact that he generally hates fish, he tried the

sushi, and liked it.

3. I felt really sick last night; _______________, I would have come to your
party.

4. If you don't do your homework, you won't get a good mark, and
_______________, you could be kicked out of school.

5. It cost a fortune to renovate our house; _______________, it was worth

it.

6. The young boy refused to obey the teacher. _______________, he was

sent home.

7. The colour black absorbs heat, _______________ the colour white

reflects it.
8. Your homework this past month has been excellent; _______________,
your pronunciation has really improved.

9. Badminton is not the slow, leisurely sport many people think it is.
__________, it is the fastest racquet sport in the world.

10. __________ in the U.S., where the majority of people are against same
sex marriage, a majority of Canadians support marriage rights for
homosexuals.

11. During the American Revolution, many brides did not wear white
wedding gowns; __________, they wore red as a symbol of rebellion.

12. There is a German proverb which advises, "Never give advice

__________ asked."

13. __________ ultimately a victor in the two World Wars, France suffered
extensive losses to its empire in the conflicts.

1. Canada's Steve Nash is one of the world's best basketball players;

_______________, he is also said to be a good enough soccer player to
compete at a professional level.

2. You'd better apologize to your girlfriend; _______________, she'll

probably dump you.
3. My salary is pretty low, but _______________ I really enjoy what I'm
doing.

4. The Catholic religion holds that Mary, the mother of Jesus, remained a
virgin her entire life: _______________ it would have been impossible for
Jesus to have brothers or sisters.

5. He passed the course _______________ the fact that he never studied.

6. To pass U.S. Army basic training, young female soldiers must do 17

push-ups in two minutes, _______________ males must do 40.

7. Momentum depends on mass; _______________, because a heavy

object has more mass than a light object, it has more momentum.

8. Spices have always added flavour to a variety of dishes.

_______________, they can help to preserve food where refrigeration is
not possible.

9. _______________ her brother, who hates sports, Carla is an excellent

athlete.

10. It is usually observed that children of immigrants learn to speak the

language of their adopted country without an accent, __________ the
parents rarely do so.
11. You have a dangerously high cholesterol level, and __________ you
do something to bring it under control, you risk suffering a major heart
attack.

12. After a long affair with her married employer, Anna decided that she
wanted to date younger, unmarried men __________.

13. Rachel was married for a number of years before realizing she was,
__________, a lesbian.

14. You'll need to clean up the bedroom, and __________ the bathroom
every other day.

1. Her English isn't very good, but she usually manages to make herself
understood _______________.

2. Please call your grandmother on her birthday; _______________, she'll

get upset.

3. Her son looks a lot like his father, _______________ her daughter looks
like her.
4. We enjoyed ourselves _______________ the poor weather.

5. I'm no athlete; __________, I'm terrible at sports.

6. __________ tattoos and piercings seem trendy nowadays, they have

actually been around since ancient times, and are practiced in many
cultures.

7. When I heard Martha talking about her illness, I ignorantly made a little
joke to try to cheer her up, but __________ it just made her cry.

8. The film classification "mature" means the movie should not be seen by
a person under the age of 14, __________ accompanied by an adult.

9. I'll phone you if I receive anymore information and you can do

__________.

10. The mayor feels that skateboarders on the sidewalks may intimidate
the elderly, and should __________ be banned.

11. The Grand Canyon is a geographical wonder. __________, it is the

largest generator of tourist dollars in the state.
12. I didn't do very well in school, __________ my sister, who got excellent
marks in every subject.

My neighbours are sometimes very noisy, but we get along quite well
_______________.

2. The children played football all afternoon, _______________ the rain

and wind.

3. Your progress in English depends on how hard you work.

_______________, if you live in the culture of your target language, you
will learn even more quickly.

4. In the Marxist view, we must eat in order to survive; _______________,

the first activity of our species must be economic.

5. One difference between frogs and toads is that frogs move about by
jumping, _______________ toads can actually walk.

6. Hurry up; _______________, you'll be late.

7. Everyone assumed that she was pregnant, but __________, she was
just overweight.

8. __________ there are several major car rental agencies in Libreville, the
capital city of Gabon, rates are said to be incredibly expensive.

9. Dwayne was too short to play basketball professionally, so he went into

coaching __________.

10. __________ we can stop these extraterrestrials in time, the future of

our region of the universe may be in serious danger.

11. __________ in Montreal or Toronto, where winters are generally very

cold, Vancouver's winters are actually quite mild.

12. The steak I ordered for dinner was superb. __________, the chicken
my wife had was excellent.

He jumped in the water to save the young girl, _______________ being

unable to swim himself.

2. Someone once joked that dogs think you're family, _______________

cats think you're staff.
3. We didn't go anywhere exotic for our holiday. _______________, we
had a simply wonderful time.

4. The rent is a little high; _______________, it's a very nice house.

5. She kept the old photos for sentimental reasons __________ she knew
she would never see him again.

6. I'm not at all brave; __________, I'm a total chicken.

7. We cannot really reduce the destruction of our environment __________

we change our philosophy of consumerism in this society.

8. Recent polls show that most Canadians oppose censorship of the

Internet. __________ the government is happy to ignore the issue of
pornographic websites.

9. Koalas and humans are the only animals with unique fingerprints and,
__________, koala prints cannot be distinguished from human fingerprints.
10. You need to come to class on time. __________, you need to work
harder on your homework.

11. Your mark in History is somewhat low. __________, your Chemistry

mark is excellent.

12. Studies show that if you are right-handed; your right fingernails will
grow faster; __________ the fingernails on the left hand of a left-handed
person.


The train was delayed bad weather.
 The event was cancelled the fact that not many tickets were sold.
 I felt stressed I'd been overworked recently.
 John went to the acupuncturist his bad back.
 Sonia had a bad stomachache and I recommended seeing the doctor.
 the teacher's good reputation the yoga classes were always crowded.
 the fact that homeopathy can be very effective for some illnesses it has
become increasingly popular.
 It's amazing I can walk an hour ago I couldn't move.
 My headache has disappeared because of the massage.
 The company was doing badly and it closed.
 it is your money, you can do what you like with it.
 My mother wanted to keep her brain active, she took up a hobby.