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Chapter 2-Intellectual Revolutions

This document discusses three major intellectual revolutions: the Copernican Revolution, Darwinian Revolution, and Freudian Revolution. It explains how each revolution challenged existing paradigms and transformed societal beliefs - the Copernican Revolution established the heliocentric model of the solar system, the Darwinian Revolution proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, and the Freudian Revolution developed psychoanalysis to study human behavior and the unconscious mind.

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27 views

Chapter 2-Intellectual Revolutions

This document discusses three major intellectual revolutions: the Copernican Revolution, Darwinian Revolution, and Freudian Revolution. It explains how each revolution challenged existing paradigms and transformed societal beliefs - the Copernican Revolution established the heliocentric model of the solar system, the Darwinian Revolution proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, and the Freudian Revolution developed psychoanalysis to study human behavior and the unconscious mind.

Uploaded by

mallarialdrain03
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intellectual

Revolutions
GE-STS
• Discuss the paradigm shifts through history;
• Explain how the Intellectual Revolution changed the way
how humans see the world; and
• Describe the technological advancements that happened
in the information age.

Learning Outcomes
• Period where advancements in
science and technology changed
people’s perceptions and beliefs
• Showed how society was
transformed by science and
technology

Intellectual Revolution
• Early times
• questioned what created days and nights
• understand what heavenly bodies are
• Telescopes
• allowed people to take a peek at the outer
space
• It also intrigued them to know what was
actually out there.

Copernican Revolution
• Greek philosophers
• Agreed that planets moved around in circular motion and that
these created days and nights
• Claudius Ptolemy
- famous philosopher and astronomer
• Planets, sun and the moon moved in a circular motion around the
Earth
• Sun and moon’s revolution explained the existence of days and
nights
• Geocentrism
• Earth was the center of the solar system
• Widely accepted by the people and was one of the greatest
discoveries of that time

Copernican Revolution
Geocentric Model
• Nicolaus Copernicus
• Polish mathematician and astronomer
• Challenged the Ptolemaic model
• Heliocentrism
• Sun is the center of the solar system and not the
Earth
• Rejected at first by the public
• It appalled many since their religious belief had
taught them that the Earth was created first before all
other things
• Persecuted as a heretic

Copernican Revolution
Heliocentric Model
• After some time,
• Astronomers realized that the Copernican model simplified
the orbits for planets
• Answered issues that could not be explained using the
geocentric model
• Other works supporting this model started to emerge
• Birth of Modern Astronomy
• Period where Copernican model was eventually accepted by
the people
• Scientific revolution which resulted in the transformation of
society’s thoughts and beliefs

Copernican Revolution
• Most controversial intellectual
revolutions of its time
• Charles Darwin
• English naturalist, biologist and geologist
• On the Origin of Species
• Theory of Evolution

Darwinian Revolution
Theory of Evolution
• Theory of Evolution
• Populations pass through a process of natural selection in
which only the fittest would survive
• Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment
and would gradually change into something that would be
more competitive to survive, a process known as evolution
• Very controversial as people perceived it to be contradictory
to the church’s teachings that the source of life is a powerful
creator
• Emerged at a time when most of the population believed
and accepted the biblical version of the Earth’s creation
• After some time, people came to understand that it was not
in fact against the teachings of the church and both can
coexist

Darwinian Revolution
• Psychology
• In the past, classified under philosophy
• Considered more of an art rather than a
science
• Sigmund Freud
• Psychoanalysis
• Continued to refined it despite criticisms

Freudian Revolution
• Psychoanalysis
• Study that explains human behavior
• There are many conscious and unconscious factors that can
influence behavior and emotions
• Personality is a product of three conflicting elements
• Id, Ego, and Superego
• Brushed off by science headliners since its concepts were
more philosophical and supernatural
• Had no scientific basis as no empirical or experimental data
could support it
• Psychology as a science

Freudian Revolution
• Despite criticisms, Freud still continued to work on refining
his theory to explain how psychoanalysis can be a Can be a
clinical method in treating some mental disorders.
• Soon enough, people were able to understand the concepts of
psychoanalysis, which eventually resulted in classifying
psychology as a science.

Freudian Revolution

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