SMART HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

USING CLOUD, IOT & WEB DEVELOPMENT

Om Patil (Author 1), Shaunak Mulay (Author2), Ashwin Gawande (Author3), Hanumant Pisal (Author4),
Prof. Sagar mane (Author5)
#
Computer Department, NBN Sinhgad Technical Institute Campus

Abstract— Due to the shortage of skilled medical professionals in

various locations, the hospital management system is not well
managed. Additionally, the general public is having difficulties
accessing health care facilities in this COVID-19 pandemic
condition. According to the most recent study, India has a doctor-
to-patient ratio that is substantially lower than what the WHO
recommends. In healthcare settings, there should be one doctor
for every 1000 patients, according to WHO norms. According to
the most recent data, India has a ratio of 1:1445. Additionally,
PPE kits are required by law for healthcare professionals with
Corona patients. These PPE kits, which should be produced by
Indian Manufacturers, are still in poor supply in India. An IoT-
based technology has been created to address this problem; it may
help health care facilities overcome their doctor shortage. The
Internet of Things system created is a patient-wearable device that
can track the patient's pulse rate, temperature, and SpO2 levels.
Any IoT server, such as Thingsspeak, or any other server, such as
Adafruit, can receive the data and store it in the cloud for later
use. Keywords: Health Monitoring, IOT, Sensors, Health Care

I. INTRODUCTION
In the current situation of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a
constant risk of health and life for the doctors and nurses in the
hospitals. The corona virus was first identified in Wuhan, China
in the month of December, 2019. Soon after its discovery,
WHO in January, 2020 announced the new virus as 2019-
nCOV. Some main symptoms of the virus are fever, dry cough, Figure demonstrates the increase in number of connected
tiredness, nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, diarrhea etc. devices in the near future.

The gathering in hospital environments, using the common

utilities like toilets, lifts and corridors make it very vulnerable
to spread the viruses easily from one person to another. The
II. METHODOLOGY
IoT system is an effort to overcome the shortage of healthcare
persons and PPE kits in the hospitals. Even the countries with Due to their interdependence and how they work together to
better doctor to patient ratio such as US, China, Spain, Italy, complete the full application, these three subsystems'
UK and France are facing difficulties in managing the operational flow is described in this section.technologies aimed
COVID- 19 spread among the doctors and health care persons. at initiating and developing energy efficient and inexpensive
In India there is still a demand for good PPE kits, and health wide area communication, which is relying on machine-to-
care persons in the hospitals for COVID patient management. machine (M2M) communication for further energy efficiency
The IoT system is an effort to overcome the shortage of health operation. LPWA technologies are approximately expected to
care persons and PPE kits in the hospitals. Even the countries serve a wide range of industries and support applications and
with better doctor to patient ratio such as US, China, Spain, IoT deployments that are currently not the best for connecting
Italy, UK and France are facing difficulties in managing the existing mobile technologies. The main objectives of the design
COVID-19 spread among the doctors and health care persons. of LPWA technologies are to provide strong coverage over
In India there is still a demand for good PPE kits, and health large areas, great power efficiency, large scale, low cost
care persons in the hospitals for COVID patient management. communication and low bandwidth.
At present LPWAN has become one of the fastest and
efficient growing markets in IoT, with many LPWAN
technologies being discovered in both licensed and unlicensed from the sensor, and immediately send to the remote
field.
From till date, all of the previous researches we can see LoRa
as well as the Norrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) are
recognized as the two most famous and developing
technologies, both in the unlicensed and licensed variety bands
respectively.

A. Comparison of NB-IoT and other contemporary IoT

technologies
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an innovative
Narrowband radio technology designed specifically for IoT, As is clear from the block diagram of Fig. 5, ThingSpeak
designed to reduce the direct expansion to Global System for server collects the data from the sensor, and sends it to the
Mobile Communications (GSM) or Long-Term Evolution doctor’s mobile app or remote PC anywhere in the world upon
(LTE) networks. The main purpose of this is to provide low cost getting a request. ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform
communication services. However, there are other wireless server service that allows you to aggregate, visualize and
communication technologies that are being discovered for the analyse live data streams in the cloud.
expansion of the Internet of Things. Below table provides a
comparison of different contemporary technologies for IoT and Also, MATLAB code and commands can be executed on the
development towards 5G technology. ThingSpeak platform to provide an additional support for data
analysis. After ThingSpeak registering and logging, we can see
it can have many channels as shown in Fig. 3, and each channel
having 8 fields for any type of data, 3 location fields and one
status field. These channels can be set as private channel or it
can be set as public for sharing data publicly.

Each of the channels has different read/write API keys for

reading and writing the data in those channels. To read or write
from the channels the device makes request to ThingSpeak API
using HTTP requests. The basic objective is to collect
information from the local sensors and send it to the internet
writing them to the specific ThingSpeak server channels which
corresponds to each patient

Each of the channels corresponding to each patient has three

fields, namely temperature, Pulse rate and SpO2. These three
fields can be updated from an ESP8266 WiFi module using
Fig. 1. IoT system architecture for patient monitoring
read/write API keys as shown in Fig. 4. In our project, these
fields are updated at regular intervals of 120 seconds.
As shown in Fig. 1, the WiFi module ESP8266 acts as the
controller as well as it serves to communicate to the internet
The patients upload their data to the ThingSpeak server,
server via internal hotspot connection just like in today’s
which could be fetched by the doctors using android app
smartphones. The data collected from the sensor gets collected
developed by us. The app is built using MIT app inventor
by module and sent immediately to the ThingSpeak server. This
development tool. Upon getting a request in the app, it sends a
process repeats again and again with a regular interval of 120
request to the ThingSpeak API using the patient’s channel id
seconds.
and its corresponding read API key . This key must be known
The medical parameters of the person like temperature, heart
in advance to enable the app development easier.
rate and SPO2 level are collected using MAX30102 sensor
modules from the nodeMCU module. The MAX30102 IC
communicates to the nodeMCU module by I2C protocol and is
powered by a 3.3 V supply only, which is derived from
ESP8266 module itself. These three parameters are fetched
 IoT based healthcare monitoring systems with a BSN ar-
chitecture have been developed earlier by many researchers.
Ingole et al designed a health monitoring system using only
temperature and heart rate measuring units. They proposed a
methodology to display real time sensor data as a single value
but did not show a continuous data containing past few values.
The work also did not focus on interaction between patients and
doctors in a hospital.

Chauhan et al proposed a similar healthcare system where

they used sensors such as ECG, pulse and temperature with an
interactive mobile application for doctors and patients.
However, they did not use any effective communication
protocol for data transmission which should be given
importance in an IoT based application to ensure scalability of
the system. Kamal et al in their work on health monitoring
system developed a prototype of sensor node and used Ethernet
along with other wired methods of communication between
sensor node and server. But this method is not feasible and
efficient in a hospital with large number of patients. The
healthcare system proposed by Swamy et al used body
temperature, heart rate and blood oxygenAfter observing
conditions of a patient, the doctor can pro-vide prescription and
advises through the portal. Later, patients can refer to their
prescription using an android application.

In-stead of memorizing each and every advice, patients can

view and refer to their prescription at any time through a mobile
app. Doctors in a hospital usually communicate with many
patients and hence the portal can help them in management of
prescriptions and advices. This facilitates better doctor patient
Fig. 6: Database of central server.
relationship within the hospital.In the event that oil and gas
pipelines need to be monitored, the sensors transmit important
BSN data Management: The server manager receives the
information about pressure, flow rate or potential leakage.
data coming from the BSN nodes and executes different data
Pipelines often do not have an external power source in
transactions with the database. It maintains a dynamic list of
inaccessible areas.
active node ids that are currently sourcing valid data to the
central server. Whenever a node stops sending data due to some
BSN nodes and executes different data transactions with the
failure, the server side validation fails and it waits for a pre-
database. It maintains a dynamic list of active node ids that are
defined timeout period after which the node id is removed from
currently sourcing valid data to the central server. Whenever a
the active node list. This ensures that the network does not feed
node stops sending data due to some failure, the server side
false data to the system. The validated data is then written to
validation fails and it waits for a pre-defined timeout period
the server database.
after which the node id is removed from the active node list.
Whenever a request for patient data visualization is received
This ensures that the network does not feed false data to the
from the doctor’s portal, the corresponding node id of the
system. The validated data is then written to the server
patient is first searched in the active node list. If found, the
database.
incoming data is directly forwarded to the doctor’s portal using
The devel-opment of such a system, typically for
WebSocket protocol without any query to the database. This
PDN: Packet Data Network,
ensures real-time data visualization at doctor’s portal. The
procedures for BSN data management are run on parallel
threads to ensure high CPU utilization and low computational • C-SGN: Cellular Internet of Things Serving
latency at the central server. Algorithm 1 shows a pseudo code Gateway,
of the procedures used for BSN data management.
The database maintained in the central server stores the data
collected from the BSN nodes in an organized manner. The • SCEF:Service Capabilities Exposure Function and
database used in this work is MySQL. It is an open source tool
for handling database related functionalities and can be scaled • HSS: Home Subscriber Server
to large storage systems. Fig. 6 shows various tables and their
NB-IoT as part of 5G Cellular IoT • TBS: Transport Block Size

Despite of previous generations of various communication • HARQ: Hybrib Automatic Repeat Request
networks 5th generation (5G) technology is approximately
expected to change the role of many telecommunications
technology in the present and future society. Many are asking The important issue here is how to ensure NB-IoT
what is the replacement for other licensed LPWAN compatibility with the various layers (both physical and cores)
technologies such as LTE-M with NB-IoT and 5G. There are in the 5G network system. At present, 5G technology sees
three main pillars to the proposed 5G technology. early expansion in the urban areas. IoT's major applications
support many smart cities, smart campuses and smart
buildings technologies, so this is probably beneficial from an
• enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) IoT point of perspective. NB-IoT already licensed band IoT
technology has a great competitive advantage over unlicensed
bands such as LoRa, Sigfox, etc. in terms of integration with
• Ultra Reliability Low Latency
cellular 5G. One of the major drivers for 5G IoT is the
Communication(URLLC) demand for high bandwidth. This is naturally presented by the
many important applications of 5G technology system.
• massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) Bandwidth is required to launch the advanced mobile
broadband (eMBB) based 5G services. The integration of NB-
IoT into 5G systems as part of MMTC is an important and a
• Battery life: 10 years at 200 bytes (UL) and 20 bytes great opportunity to respond to the huge bandwidth demand of
(DL) per day NB-IoT and to manage various communication aspects of the
network.
• Coverage: 164 dB with 160 bit/s
LITERATURE SURVEY-
• Density: 1 million devices/km2
• Latency: ¡10 seconds with 20 bytes application 1) Abhishek Singha, Papiya Duttab, Anil Kumar
package Sahu*c, Sanjay Kumar Sumand, L.
Bhagyalakshmie “IoT Enabled Smart Hospital
Management System for Covid-19
• Price: Ultra-low cost device Patients”Turkish Journal of Computer and
Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.10 (2021),
• Additional features such as positioning, multi-cast, 4500-4506
mobility etc.

In order to achieve such requirements, the 3GPP has released 2) Prabin Kumar Rath1, Neelam Mahapatro2,
three more standard versions: Subham Sahoo3 and Suchismita Chinara “Design
• eNB-IoT: enhance NB-IoT and Performance Analysis of an IoT Based Health
Monitoring System for HospitalManagement” 021
International Conference on Computing,
• FeNB-IoT: further enhanced NB-IoT Communication, and IntelligentSystems (ICCCIS)
| 978-1-7281-8529-3/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
• NB-IoTenh3: NB-IoT enhanced version 3

3) Omar Maki, Mays Alshalikhli “Development of

• RLF: Radio Link Failure Digitalization Road Map for Healthcare Facility
Management” Digital Object Identifier
• PRACH:Physical Random Access Channel 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3146341

• TDD: Time-Division Duplexing

4) Abdulrazaq, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammed &
Zuhriyah, Halimatuz & Al & Ramli, Rusyaizila &
• RAT: Radio Access Technology Yusuf, Eddy. (2020). NOVEL COVID-- Zubaidi,
Salah & Karim, Sairah 19 “DETECTION AND
 DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM USING IOT BASED succeed. Project is like a bridge between theoretical and
SMART HELMET” practical working. With this willing we joined this
particular project.

First of all, we would like to thank the supreme power

5) .International Journal of Psychosocial
the Almighty God who is obviously the one has always
Rehabilitation. 24. 2296-2303.
guided us to work on the right path of life.
10.37200/IJPR/V24I7/PR270221
We sincerely thanks to our project guide Prof. Sagar. S.
Mane and HOD Prof. S. P. Bendale, Department of
CONCLUSION Computer Science of NBN Sinhgad School of
Engineering. We feel it’s a pleasure to be indebted to our
In this paper, patient monitoring job is relaxed by guide for his valuable support, advice and encouragement
developing a useful IoT system, which can be handled and we think him for his superb and constant guidance
easily by the patients while having an internet connection, towards this project.
so as to enable the doctors and other health workers
remotely get the patients' data from anywhere in the world. REFERENCES
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
5] Detection and Diagnosis System using IOT
The present world of competition there is a race of
existence in which those are having will to come forward