FLUID MECHANICS AND WAVES

1. Which of the following properties of a fluid determines its resistance to flow? A)

Viscosity B) Density C) Pressure D) Surface tension
2. According to Bernoulli's principle, what happens to the pressure in a fluid if its speed
increases? A) It decreases B) It increases C) It remains constant D) It fluctuates
3. Pascal's principle states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted _______.
A) perpendicular to the direction of the force B) in the same direction as the force C) at
an angle to the direction of the force D) only in liquids, not gases
4. The buoyant force acting on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to _______. A) the
weight of the object B) the volume of the object C) the weight of the fluid displaced by
the object D) the density of the object
5. The unit of viscosity is _______. A) N/m² B) kg/m³ C) Ns/m² D) m/s²
6. Which of the following fluids has the highest viscosity? A) Water B) Honey C) Alcohol
D) Gasoline
7. When a fluid flows through a pipe of varying cross-sectional area, according to the
principle of conservation of mass, what happens to its speed? A) It decreases B) It
increases C) It remains constant D) It fluctuates
8. The flow of a fluid in which the velocity and pressure at any point do not change over
time is known as _______. A) turbulent flow B) laminar flow C) transitional flow D)
streamline flow
9. What is the term for the force per unit area exerted on a surface by a fluid? A) Buoyant
force B) Pressure C) Viscosity D) Surface tension
10. The force of buoyancy on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid _______. A) it
displaces B) above it C) around it D) it absorbs
11. Which of the following statements is true regarding a fluid in equilibrium? A) Pressure is
the same at all points B) Pressure decreases with depth C) Pressure increases with depth
D) Pressure is inversely proportional to density
12. The principle that states that the velocity of a fluid increases as the cross-sectional area
decreases is known as _______. A) Pascal's principle B) Archimedes' principle C)
Bernoulli's principle D) Boyle's law
13. The pressure exerted by a fluid at a depth in a container depends on the _______. A)
temperature of the fluid B) volume of the container C) shape of the container D) height of
the fluid column above that point
14. Which of the following statements about laminar flow is true? A) It is characterized by
irregular flow patterns. B) It occurs at high velocities. C) It is a type of turbulent flow. D)
It is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid.
15. What happens to the pressure of a fluid as it moves from a wider pipe into a narrower
one? A) It increases B) It decreases C) It remains constant D) It becomes zero
16. The tendency of a fluid to stick to the surface of a solid is known as _______. A)
cohesion B) adhesion C) surface tension D) viscosity
17. Which of the following factors affects the viscosity of a fluid? A) Temperature B)
Pressure C) Density D) Volume
18. Which of the following is not an example of a fluid? A) Water B) Gasoline C) Wood D)
Air
19. The force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through it is known as _______. A)
frictional force B) buoyant force C) drag force D) gravitational force
20. The flow of a fluid in which the velocity and pressure at any point change randomly over
time is known as _______. A) turbulent flow B) streamline flow C) laminar flow D)
transitional flow
21. A small spherical object of radius 0.02 m and density 1000 kg/m³ falls vertically in a
fluid with viscosity 0.002 Pa·s. What is its terminal speed? (Assume the acceleration due
to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²) A) 0.4 m/s B) 0.8 m/s C) 1.2 m/s D) 1.6 m/s
22. According to the continuity equation for fluid flow, if the cross-sectional area of a pipe
decreases, what happens to the fluid velocity? A) It increases B) It decreases C) It
remains constant D) It fluctuates
23. A ship floats in water with a density of 1000 kg/m³. If the ship has a density of 800
kg/m³, what percentage of its volume is submerged? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%
24. A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe with a constriction. If the velocity of the fluid
at the constriction is 2 m/s and the cross-sectional area of the pipe at the constriction is
0.1 m², what is the velocity of the fluid before the constriction if the area of the pipe at
that point is 0.2 m²? A) 0.5 m/s B) 1 m/s C) 2 m/s D) 4 m/s
25. According to Bernoulli's principle, if the velocity of a fluid increases along a streamline,
what happens to its pressure? A) It increases B) It decreases C) It remains constant D) It
fluctuates
26. A ball of volume 0.1 m³ and density 800 kg/m³ is submerged in water. What is the
buoyant force acting on the ball? (Density of water = 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.8 m/s²) A) 780 N
B) 800 N C) 980 N D) 1000 N
27. A fluid is flowing through a pipe with a velocity of 4 m/s. If the cross-sectional area of
the pipe is 0.2 m², what is the volume flow rate of the fluid? A) 0.2 m³/s B) 0.8 m³/s C) 1
m³/s D) 2 m³/s
28. A nozzle attached to a hose reduces the cross-sectional area of the water stream from 0.1
m² to 0.05 m². If the speed of the water leaving the nozzle is 10 m/s, what was the initial
speed of the water in the hose? A) 5 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 40 m/s
29. Which of the following terms refers to the distance between two consecutive crests (or
troughs) of a wave? A) Amplitude B) Frequency C) Wavelength D) Period
30. The time taken for one complete oscillation of a wave is known as its _______. A)
Amplitude B) Frequency C) Wavelength D) Period
31. In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium vibrate _______. A) parallel to the
direction of wave propagation B) perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation C)
at an angle to the direction of wave propagation D) in a circular motion
32. The speed of a wave is determined by the _______ and _______ of the medium through
which it travels. A) Frequency; wavelength B) Amplitude; wavelength C) Frequency;
period D) Amplitude; period
33. Which of the following statements about longitudinal waves is true? A) The oscillations
are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. B) Sound waves are an example
of longitudinal waves. C) Light waves are an example of longitudinal waves. D) The
oscillations occur in a circular motion.
34. The maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position in a wave is called
its _______. A) Amplitude B) Frequency C) Wavelength D) Period
35. The distance traveled by a wave in one complete cycle is equal to _______. A)
Amplitude B) Frequency C) Wavelength D) Period
36. Which of the following properties of a wave determines its pitch? A) Amplitude B)
Frequency C) Wavelength D) Period
37. A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 2 meters. What is its speed? A) 25
m/s B) 50 m/s C) 100 m/s D) 150 m/s
38. Which of the following phenomena is an example of wave interference? A) Reflection B)
Refraction C) Diffraction D) Standing waves
39. The bending of waves around obstacles or through openings is known as _______. A)
Reflection B) Refraction C) Diffraction D) Interference
40. What is the relationship between the frequency and period of a wave? A) They are
inversely proportional. B) They are directly proportional. C) There is no relationship
between them. D) The frequency is the square of the period.
41. Which of the following types of waves require a medium for propagation? A)
Electromagnetic waves B) Longitudinal waves C) Transverse waves D) Surface waves
42. The phenomenon of the apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative
motion between the source and observer is known as _______. A) Doppler effect B)
Interference C) Diffraction D) Polarization
43. Which of the following statements about standing waves is true? A) They are produced
by interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions. B) They do not exhibit
nodes and antinodes. C) They are always traveling in one direction. D) They cannot be
formed in a medium.
44. The distance between two consecutive nodes (or antinodes) in a standing wave is equal to
_______. A) Half the wavelength B) One wavelength C) Twice the wavelength D) One-
fourth the wavelength
45. The phenomenon of the increase in the amplitude of a wave when the frequency of the
applied force matches the natural frequency of the system is known as _______. A)
Resonance B) Reflection C) Refraction D) Diffraction
46. Which of the following statements about the speed of sound in air is true? A) It decreases
with increasing temperature. B) It decreases with decreasing pressure. C) It increases
with increasing density. D) It is independent of frequency.
47. What happens to the wavelength of a wave when it enters a medium with a higher speed?
A) It increases B) It decreases C) It remains constant D) It fluctuates
48. The phase difference between two waves is 180 degrees. What type of interference will
occur when they overlap? A) Constructive interference B) Destructive interference C)
Partial interference D) Total interference

49. A string vibrates with a frequency of 200 Hz and a wavelength of 0.4 m. What is the
speed of the wave on the string? A) 50 m/s B) 80 m/s C) 100 m/s D) 200 m/s
50. A pipe has a length of 0.5 m and is closed at one end. If the fundamental frequency of the
pipe is 200 Hz, what is the speed of sound in the pipe? A) 50 m/s B) 100 m/s C) 200 m/s
D) 400 m/s
51. A car is moving towards a stationary observer at a speed of 20 m/s. If the frequency of
the car's horn is 500 Hz and the speed of sound is 340 m/s, what is the observed
frequency heard by the stationary observer? A) 485 Hz B) 500 Hz C) 515 Hz D) 520 Hz
52. Two waves are traveling in the same medium. Wave A has a frequency of 400 Hz and a
wavelength of 0.8 m, while Wave B has a frequency of 500 Hz and a wavelength of 0.6
m. What is the phase difference between these two waves? A) 0 degrees B) 90 degrees C)
180 degrees D) 270 degrees
53. A guitar string has a length of 0.6 m and is fixed at both ends. If the string vibrates in its
third harmonic mode with a frequency of 300 Hz, what is the speed of the wave on the
string? A) 50 m/s B) 100 m/s C) 150 m/s D) 200 m/s
54. A pipe is open at both ends and has a length of 1 m. If the second harmonic of the pipe
has a frequency of 500 Hz, what is the speed of sound in the pipe? A) 125 m/s B) 250 m/s
C) 500 m/s D) 1000 m/s
55. A train is moving away from a stationary observer at a speed of 30 m/s. If the frequency
of the train's whistle is 400 Hz and the speed of sound is 340 m/s, what is the observed
frequency heard by the stationary observer? A) 360 Hz B) 380 Hz C) 400 Hz D) 420 Hz
56. Two waves have the same frequency and amplitude. If the phase angle between them is
90 degrees, what type of interference occurs when they overlap? A) Constructive
interference B) Destructive interference C) Partial interference D) Total interference