Problems 385

Problems
Sections 10.1–10.2 10.5 Find the average power delivered by the ideal
PSPICE current source in the circuit in Fig. P10.5 if
10.1 The following sets of values for v and i pertain to MULTISIM
ig = 4 cos 5000t mA.
the circuit seen in Fig. 10.1. For each set of values,
calculate P and Q and state whether the circuit Figure P10.5
inside the box is absorbing or delivering (1) average
power and (2) magnetizing vars. 500  1000 
ⴰ
a) v = 250 cos(vt + 45 ) V,
i = 4 sin(vt + 60 ⴰ ) A. ig 160 nF 100 mH
b) v = 18 cos(vt - 30 ⴰ ) V,
i = 5 cos(vt - 75 ⴰ ) A.
c) v = 150 sin(vt + 25 ⴰ ) V, 10.6 Find the average power dissipated in the 30 Æ
i = 2 cos(vt + 50 ⴰ ) A. PSPICE resistor in the circuit seen in Fig. P10.6 if
d) v = 80 cos (vt + 120 ⴰ ) V, MULTISIM
ig = 6 cos 20,000t A.
i = 10 cos(vt + 170 ⴰ ) A.
Figure P10.6
10.2 a) A college student wakes up hungry. He turns on 30 i 1.25 mF
the coffee maker, puts some oatmeal in the 
microwave oven to cook, puts a couple of slices
of bread in the toaster, and starts making scram- ig i 0.5 mH 30 
bled eggs in the electric frying pan. If all of
these appliances in his dorm room are supplied
by a 120 V branch circuit protected by a 50 A
circuit breaker, will the breaker interrupt his 10.7 The op amp in the circuit shown in Fig. P10.7 is
breakfast? PSPICE ideal. Calculate the average power delivered to the
b) The student’s roommate wakes up and turns on MULTISIM
1 kÆ resistor when vg = cos 1000t V.
the air conditioner. He realizes that the room is
a mess, so starts to vacuum. Now does the circuit Figure P10.7
breaker interrupt breakfast? 100 nF

10.3 Show that the maximum value of the instantaneous

power given by Eq. 10.9 is P + 2P2 + Q 2 and that 20 k
the minimum value is P - 2P2 + Q 2. 500 nF
2 k 5V

10.4 A load consisting of a 480 Æ resistor in parallel

with a (5>9) mF capacitor is connected across the  5 V
terminals of a sinusoidal voltage source vg, where vg
 1 k
vg = 240 cos 5000t V.
a) What is the peak value of the instantaneous
power delivered by the source?
b) What is the peak value of the instantaneous 10.8 a) Calculate the real and reactive power associated
power absorbed by the source? with each circuit element in the circuit in
Fig. P9.63.
c) What is the average power delivered to the load?
b) Verify that the average power generated equals
d) What is the reactive power delivered to the load?
the average power absorbed.
e) Does the load absorb or generate magnetiz-
c) Verify that the magnetizing vars generated
ing vars?
equal the magnetizing vars absorbed.
f) What is the power factor of the load?
g) What is the reactive factor of the load? 10.9 Repeat Problem 10.8 for the circuit shown in
Fig. P9.64.
386 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

10.10 The load impedance in Fig. P10.10 absorbs 6 kW b) Suppose the voltage in part (a) is applied to the
and generates 8 kVAR. The sinusoidal voltage terminals of a 40 Æ resistor. Calculate the aver-
source develops 8 kW. age power dissipated by the resistor.
a) Find the values of inductive line reactance that c) When the voltage in part (a) is applied to a dif-
will satisfy these constraints. ferent resistor, that resistor dissipates 10 mW of
b) For each value of line reactance found in (a), average power. What is the value of the resistor?
show that the magnetizing vars developed
equals the magnetizing vars absorbed.
Figure P10.14

Figure P10.10 vg(V)

40
25  jX 
etc.
1000 0  ZL
V (rms)  10 15 30 35
0 20 25 40 t(s)
5
Source Line Load

40
Section 10.3
10.11 a) A personal computer with a monitor and key- 10.15 a) Find the rms value of the periodic voltage shown
board requires 40 W at 115 V (rms). Calculate in Fig. P10.15.
the rms value of the current carried by its
power cord. b) If this voltage is applied to the terminals of a
4 Æ resistor, what is the average power dissi-
b) A laser printer for the personal computer in pated in the resistor?
(a) is rated at 90 W at 115 V (rms). If this printer
is plugged into the same wall outlet as the com- Figure P10.15
puter, what is the rms value of the current drawn
from the outlet? vg (V)

20
10.12 Find the rms value of the periodic current shown in
Fig. P10.12.
10 etc.
Figure P10.12

i (A)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 t (ms)
20

10

0 20 40 60 80 100 t (ms) 20

10.13 The periodic current shown in Fig. P10.12 dissipates

an average power of 1280 W in a resistor. What is 10.16 A dc voltage equal to Vdc V is applied to a resistor of
the value of the resistor? R Æ. A sinusoidal voltage equal to vs V is also
applied to a resistor of R Æ. Show that the dc voltage
10.14 a) Find the rms value of the periodic voltage shown will deliver the same amount of energy in T seconds
in Fig. P10.14. (where T is the period of the sinusoidal voltage) as
 Problems 387

the sinusoidal voltage provided Vdc equals the rms 10.20 a) Find the average power, the reactive power, and
value of vs. (Hint: Equate the two expressions for the PSPICE the apparent power supplied by the voltage
MULTISIM
energy delivered to the resistor.) source in the circuit in Fig. P10.20 if
vg = 40 cos 106t V.
Sections 10.4–10.5 b) Check your answer in (a) by showing
Pdev = a Pabs.
10.17 The current Ig in the frequency-domain circuit c) Check your answer in (a) by showing
shown in Fig. P10.17 is 50 l 0° mA (rms). Qdev = a Qabs.
a) Find the average and reactive power for the
current source. Figure P10.20
b) Is the current source absorbing or delivering 40 
average power?
c) Is the current source absorbing or delivering 25 nF
magnetizing vars? 80 mH

d) Find the average and reactive powers associated

with each impedance branch in the circuit. 
vg 60 

e) Check the balance between delivered and
absorbed average power.
f) Check the balance between delivered and
absorbed magnetizing vars. 10.21 Two 480 V (rms) loads are connected in parallel.The
two loads draw a total average power of 40,800 W at
Figure P10.17 a power factor of 0.8 lagging. One of the loads draws
j75  20 kVA at a power factor of 0.96 leading. What is the
power factor of the other load?

ig 50  j50  10.22 The two loads shown in Fig. P10.22 can be described
as follows: Load 1 absorbs an average power of
25 
10 kW and delivers 4 kVAR of reactive power;
Load 2 has an impedance of (60 + j80)Æ.
10.18 Find the average power, the reactive power, and the The voltage at the terminals of the loads is
PSPICE apparent power absorbed by the load in the circuit 100012 cos 100pt V.
MULTISIM
in Fig. P10.18 if vg equals 150 cos 250t V. a) Find the rms value of the source voltage.
Figure P10.18 b) By how many microseconds is the load voltage
out of phase with the source voltage?
80 mF
50  c) Does the load voltage lead or lag the source
voltage?
vg  100 mH

Figure P10.22

Load 0.5  j0.05 



Vg VL L1 L2
10.19 a) Find VL (rms) and u for the circuit in Fig. P10.19 
if the load absorbs 2500 VA at a lagging power 
factor of 0.8.
b) Construct a phasor diagram of each solution
10.23 The three loads in the circuit seen in Fig. P10.23
obtained in (a).
are S1 = 6 + j3 kVA, S2 = 7.5 - j4.5 kVA,
Figure P10.19 S3 = 12 + j9 kVA.

j2 
a) Calculate the complex power associated with
1
each voltage source, Vg1 and Vg2.
 
b) Verify that the total real and reactive power
250 u V (rms) VL 0 Load delivered by the sources equals the total real
  and reactive power absorbed by the network.
388 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

Figure P10.23 average power of 9 kW and reactive power of

0.1  3 kvars; Load 3 is a 25 Æ resistor in parallel with
 a capacitor whose reactance is -5 Æ. Find the
 rms magnitude and the phase angle of Vg if
Vg1 S1 150 0 V (rms)
 0.2   Vo = 250l 0° V.
S3


Vg2 S2 150 0 V (rms)
 0.1   Figure P10.26

j0.1 

10.24 The three loads in the circuit seen in Fig. P10.24 are
described as follows: Load 1 is absorbing 4.8 kW 
Vg Vo L1 L2 L3
and delivering 2.4 kVAR; Load 2 is absorbing 
6 kVA at a power factor of 0.8 lagging; Load 3 is a 
24 Æ resistor in parallel with an inductance whose
reactance is 6 Æ .
10.27 Consider the circuit described in Problem 9.78.
a) Calculate the average power and the magnetiz-
ing reactive power delivered by each source if a) What is the rms magnitude of the voltage across
Vg1 = Vg2 = 120 l 0° V (rms). the load impedance?
b) Check your calculations by showing your results b) What percentage of the average power devel-
are consistent with the requirements oped by the practical source is delivered to the
load impedance?
a Pdev = a Pabs
10.28 Three loads are connected in parallel across a
a Qdev = a Qabs.
300 V(rms) line, as shown in Fig. P10.28. Load
1 absorbs 3 kW at unity power factor; Load 2 absorbs
Figure P10.24 5 kVA at 0.8 leading; Load 3 absorbs 5 kW and deliv-
ers 6 kvars.

Vg1 
a) Find the impedance that is equivalent to the
L1
 three parallel loads.
L3 b) Find the power factor of the equivalent load as
seen from the line’s input terminals.
Vg2  L2

Figure P10.28

10.25 Suppose the circuit shown in Fig. P10.24 represents 300 V (rms) 1 2 3
a residential distribution circuit in which the 
impedances of the service conductors are negligi-
ble and Vg1 = Vg2 = 110 l 0° V (rms). The three
loads in the circuit are L1 (a toaster, a coffee
10.29 The three loads in Problem 10.28 are fed from a line
maker, and a microwave oven); L2 (a solid-state
having a series impedance 0.02 + j0.05 Æ, as
TV, a vacuum cleaner, and a portable heater); and
shown in Fig. P10.29.
L3 (an automatic washing machine and a clothes
dryer). Assume that all of these appliances are in a) Calculate the rms value of the voltage (Vs) at the
operation at the same time. The service conductors sending end of the line.
are protected with 50 A circuit breakers. Will the b) Calculate the average and reactive powers asso-
service to this residence be interrupted? Why or ciated with the line impedance.
why not? c) Calculate the average and reactive powers at the
sending end of the line.
10.26 The three parallel loads in the circuit shown in d) Calculate the efficiency (h) of the line if the effi-
Fig. 10.26 can be described as follows: Load 1 is ciency is defined as
absorbing an average power of 6 kW and delivering
reactive power of 8 kvars; Load 2 is absorbing an h = (Pload>Psending end) * 100.
 Problems 389

Figure P10.29 magnitude as the voltage at the load end, that is,
0.2  j0.05  4800 V (rms). The 150 kVA load is operating at a
power factor of 0.8 lag. Calculate the size of the
 
capacitor in microfarads if the circuit is operating at
L1 L2 L3 300 0
Vs 60 Hz. In selecting the capacitor, keep in mind the
V (rms)
  need to keep the power loss in the line at a reason-
able level.

10.30 The three loads in the circuit in Fig. P10.30 can be Figure P10.32
described as follows: Load 1 is a 240 Æ resistor in
series with an inductive reactance of 70 Æ ; load 2 is 10  j5 
a capacitive reactance of 120 Æ in series with a  
160 Æ resistor; and load 3 is a 30 Æ resistor in series 150 kVA
Vs 4800 0 V (rms) 0.8
with a capacitive reactance of 40 Æ . The frequency
lag
of the voltage source is 60 Hz.  
a) Give the power factor and reactive factor of
each load.
10.33 A group of small appliances on a 60 Hz system
b) Give the power factor and reactive factor of the
requires 20 kVA at 0.85 pf lagging when operated at
composite load seen by the voltage source.
125 V (rms). The impedance of the feeder supplying
the appliances is 0.01 + j0.08 Æ. The voltage at the
Figure P10.30 load end of the feeder is 125 V (rms).
a) What is the rms magnitude of the voltage at the
vg  source end of the feeder?
Load 1 Load 2 Load 3

b) What is the average power loss in the feeder?
c) What size capacitor (in microfarads) across the
load end of the feeder is needed to improve the
10.31 a) Find the average power dissipated in the line in load power factor to unity?
Fig. P10.31.
d) After the capacitor is installed, what is the rms
b) Find the capacitive reactance that when con- magnitude of the voltage at the source end of
nected in parallel with the load will make the the feeder if the load voltage is maintained at
load look purely resistive. 125 V (rms)?
c) What is the equivalent impedance of the load
e) What is the average power loss in the feeder
in (b)?
for (d)?
d) Find the average power dissipated in the line
when the capacitive reactance is connected
10.34 A factory has an electrical load of 1600 kW at a lag-
across the load.
ging power factor of 0.8. An additional variable
e) Express the power loss in (d) as a percentage of power factor load is to be added to the factory. The
the power loss found in (a). new load will add 320 kW to the real power load of
the factory. The power factor of the added load is to
Figure P10.31 be adjusted so that the overall power factor of the
j8 
factory is 0.96 lagging.
6
a) Specify the reactive power associated with the
30  added load.
270 0  b) Does the added load absorb or deliver magnet-
V (rms)  izing vars?
j 40 
c) What is the power factor of the additional load?
Source Line Load d) Assume that the voltage at the input to the fac-
tory is 2400 V (rms). What is the rms magnitude
10.32 The steady-state voltage drop between the load and of the current into the factory before the vari-
the sending end of the line seen in Fig. P10.32 is able power factor load is added?
excessive. A capacitor is placed in parallel with the e) What is the rms magnitude of the current into
150 kVA load and is adjusted until the steady-state the factory after the variable power factor load
voltage at the sending end of the line has the same has been added?
390 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

10.35 Assume the factory described in Problem 10.34 is fed Figure P10.38
from a line having an impedance of 0.25 + j0.1 Æ. 4:1
The voltage at the factory is maintained at
2400 V (rms).
a) Find the average power loss in the line before Ideal
5 0 A
and after the load is added. 60  40 
(rms)
b) Find the magnitude of the voltage at the sending
end of the line before and after the load is added. 20 

10.36 a) Find the six branch currents I a - I f in the circuit

in Fig. P10.36.
b) Find the complex power in each branch of the 10.39 a) Find the average power dissipated in each resis-
circuit. tor in the circuit in Fig. P10.39.
c) Check your calculations by verifying that the b) Check your answer by showing that the total
average power developed equals the average power developed equals the total power
power dissipated. absorbed.
d) Check your calculations by verifying that the
magnetizing vars generated equal the magnetiz- Figure P10.39
ing vars absorbed. j40 
30 

Figure P10.36
10  Ic I 900 Turns
d 5
250 0° 
j10  j10  j20  e
V (rms) 
a
Ib Id l 300 Turns j10 
50 0° + j10 
Ia Ie 10  If
V (rms) -

10.40 The sinusoidal voltage source in the circuit in

10.37 a) Find the average power delivered to the 8 Æ
Fig. P10.40 is developing an rms voltage of 2000 V.
resistor in the circuit in Fig. P10.37.
The 4 Æ load in the circuit is absorbing four times
b) Find the average power developed by the ideal as much average power as the 25 Æ load. The two
sinusoidal voltage source. loads are matched to the sinusoidal source that has
c) Find Zab. an internal impedance of 500l 0° kÆ.
d) Show that the average power developed equals a) Specify the numerical values of a1 and a2.
the average power dissipated. b) Calculate the power delivered to the 25 Æ load.
c) Calculate the rms value of the voltage across the
Figure P10.37 4 Æ resistor.
j6 
2 a j10  j4 
Figure P10.40

a1:1
272 0  j14  j8 
Zab 8
V (rms)  j 20  500  25 
b
Ideal

a2:1
10.38 a) Find the average power delivered by the sinu- 2000 0 
soidal current source in the circuit of Fig. P10.38. V (rms)  4
b) Find the average power delivered to the 20 Æ Ideal
resistor.
 Problems 391

Section 10.6 10.44 The load impedance ZL for the circuit shown in
Fig. P10.44 is adjusted until maximum average
10.41 a) Determine the load impedance for the circuit
power is delivered to ZL.
shown in Fig. P10.41 that will result in maximum
average power being transferred to the load if a) Find the maximum average power delivered
v = 8 krad>s. to ZL.
b) Determine the maximum average power b) What percentage of the total power developed
delivered to the load from part (a) if vg = in the circuit is delivered to ZL?
10 cos 8000t V.
c) Repeat part (a) when ZL. consists of two com- Figure P10.44
ponents from Appendix H whose values yield a
maximum average power closest to the value 25  j10  1
calculated in part (b). If
 
100 0 V (rms) 5If j3  ZL
 
Figure P10.41
31.25 nF
500 mH

10.45 Prove that if only the magnitude of the load

 impedance can be varied, most average power is
vg 4 k ZL
 transferred to the load when |ZL| = |ZTh|. (Hint: In
deriving the expression for the average load
power, write the load impedance (ZL) in the form
ZL = |ZL| cos u + j|ZL| sin u, and note that only
10.42 Suppose an impedance equal to the conjugate of |ZL| is variable.)
the Thévenin impedance is connected to the termi-
nals c, d of the circuit shown in Fig. P9.75. 10.46 The variable resistor in the circuit shown in
Fig. P10.46 is adjusted until the average power it
a) Find the average power developed by the sinu-
absorbs is maximum.
soidal voltage source.
a) Find R.
b) What percentage of the power developed by the
source is lost in the linear transformer? b) Find the maximum average power.
c) Find a resistor in Appendix H that would have
10.43 The phasor voltage Vab in the circuit shown in the most average power delivered to it.
Fig. P10.43 is 300l 0° V (rms) when no external load
is connected to the terminals a, b. When a load hav- Figure P10.46
ing an impedance of 200 - j500 Æ is connected j300  j480 
500  200 
across a, b, the value of Vab is 156 - j42 V (rms).
a) Find the impedance that should be connected
 300 0°
across a, b for maximum average power transfer.  V (rms) j200  R
b) Find the maximum average power transferred to
the load of (a).
c) Construct the impedance of part (a) using com- 10.47 The variable resistor Ro in the circuit shown in
ponents from Appendix H if the source fre- Fig. P10.47 is adjusted until maximum average
quency is 50 Hz. power is delivered to Ro.
a) What is the value of Ro in ohms?
Figure P10.43
b) Calculate the average power delivered to Ro.
A circuit a c) If Ro is replaced with a variable impedance Zo,
operating in  what is the maximum average power that can be
the sinusoidal Vab delivered to Zo?
steady 
state b d) In (c), what percentage of the circuit’s devel-
oped power is delivered to the load Zo?
392 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

Figure P10.47 capacitor is adjusted until the average power dissi-

Vf pated in the line resistance is minimum.
10 a) If the frequency of the sinusoidal source is
5
60 Hz, what is the value of the capacitance in
microfarads?
j 5 
5 b) If the capacitor is removed from the circuit,
 what percentage increase in the magnitude of Vs
 is necessary to maintain 4000 V at the load?
100 0 V (rms) Vf j5 Ro
 c) If the capacitor is removed from the circuit,
 what is the percentage increase in line loss?

Figure P10.50
10.48 The peak amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage
PSPICE source in the circuit shown in Fig. P10.48 is 180 V, 1.25  j10 
MULTISIM
and its frequency is 5000 rad>s. The load resistor  
can be varied from 0 to 4000 Æ, and the load capac-
Vs 4000 0 V (rms) 100  j100  jXC
itor can be varied from 0.1 mF to 0.5 mF.
a) Calculate the average power delivered to the  
load when Ro = 2000 Æ and Co = 0.2 mF.
b) Determine the settings of Ro and Co that will 10.51 For the frequency-domain circuit in Fig. P10.51,
result in the most average power being trans- calculate:
ferred to Ro. a) the rms magnitude of Vo.
c) What is the average power in (b)? Is it greater b) the average power dissipated in the 160 Æ
than the power in (a)? resistor.
d) If there are no constraints on Ro and Co, what is c) the percentage of the average power generated
the maximum average power that can be deliv- by the ideal voltage source that is delivered to
ered to a load? the 9 Æ load resistor.
e) What are the values of Ro and Co for the condi-
tion of (d)? Figure P10.51
f) Is the average power calculated in (d) larger 30  j100 
than that calculated in (c)?

5120 0°  j40  j64  Vo 160 
Figure P10.48 V (rms) 

Ro
6 k 0.6 H
10.52 The 160 Æ resistor in the circuit in Fig. P10.51 is
 replaced with a variable impedance Zo. Assume Zo
vg 12 k Co
 is adjusted for maximum average power transfer
to Zo.
a) What is the maximum average power that can
be delivered to Zo?
10.49 a) Assume that Ro in Fig. P10.48 can be varied
PSPICE between 0 and 10 kÆ. Repeat (b) and (c) of b) What is the average power developed by the
MULTISIM
Problem 10.48. ideal voltage source when maximum average
power is delivered to Zo?
b) Is the new average power calculated in (a)
greater than that found in Problem 10.48(a)? c) Choose single components from Appendix H to
form an impedance that dissipates average
c) Is the new average power calculated in (a) less power closest to the value in part (a). Assume
than that found in 10.48(d)? the source frequency is 60 Hz.

10.50 The sending-end voltage in the circuit seen in 10.53 Find the impedance seen by the ideal voltage source
Fig. P10.50 is adjusted so that the rms value of in the circuit in Fig. P10.53 when Zo is adjusted for
the load voltage is always 4000 V. The variable maximum average power transfer to Zo.
 Problems 393

Figure P10.53 10.56 The values of the parameters in the circuit shown
15 Ω j15  in Fig. P10.56 are L1 = 8 mH; L2 = 2 mH;
k = 0.75; Rg = 1 Æ; and RL = 7 Æ. If
40 0°  j18  vg = 5412 cos 1000t V, find
j30  Zo
V (rms)  a) the rms magnitude of vo
b) the average power delivered to RL
c) the percentage of the average power generated
10.54 The impedance ZL in the circuit in Fig. P10.54 is by the ideal voltage source that is delivered to RL.
adjusted for maximum average power transfer to
ZL. The internal impedance of the sinusoidal volt- Figure P10.56
age source is 4 + j7 Æ.
Rg L1
a) What is the maximum average power delivered
to ZL? 

b) What percentage of the average power delivered  k

vg L2 vo RL
to the linear transformer is delivered to ZL? 

Figure P10.54

4 j7  12  11  10.57 Assume the coefficient of coupling in the circuit in

j10  Fig. P10.56 is adjustable.
a) Find the value of k that makes vo equal to zero.
120 0 
j5  j23  ZL b) Find the power developed by the source when k
V (rms) 
has the value found in (a).

Source Transformer Load

10.58 Assume the load resistor (RL) in the circuit in
Fig. P10.56 is adjustable.
a) What value of RL will result in the maximum
10.55 a) Find the steady-state expression for the currents average power being transferred to RL?
PSPICE ig and iL in the circuit in Fig. P10.55 when
b) What is the value of the maximum power
MULTISIM
vg = 400 cos 400t V.
transferred?
b) Find the coefficient of coupling.
c) Find the energy stored in the magnetically cou- 10.59 The load impedance ZL in the circuit in Fig. P10.59
pled coils at t = 1.25p ms and t = 2.5p ms. is adjusted until maximum average power is trans-
d) Find the power delivered to the 375 Æ resistor. ferred to ZL.
e) If the 375 Æ resistor is replaced by a variable a) Specify the value of ZL if N1 = 3600 turns and
resistor RL, what value of RL will yield maxi- N2 = 600 turns.
mum average power transfer to RL? b) Specify the values of I L and VL when ZL is
f) What is the maximum average power in (e)? absorbing maximum average power.
g) Assume the 375 Æ resistor is replaced by a vari-
able impedance ZL. What value of ZL will result Figure P10.59
in maximum average power transfer to ZL? j400 
50 
h) What is the maximum average power in (g)?

N1
Figure P10.55 I
d IL
125  312.5 mH 24 0 
e
ig iL V (rms)  
a
vg  375  l
 625 mH 625 mH N 2 VL ZL


394 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

10.60 The sinusoidal voltage source in the circuit in Figure P10.63

Fig. P10.60 is operating at a frequency of 20 krad>s.  V1 
The variable capacitive reactance in the circuit is N1
10 k
adjusted until the average power delivered to the
100 Æ resistor is as large as possible.
2.25 0 Ideal
a) Find the value of C in microfarads. 80 k N2 400 
mA (rms)
b) When C has the value found in (a), what is the
average power delivered to the 100 Æ resistor?
c) Replace the 100 Æ resistor with a variable resis-
10.64 a) If N1 equals 1000 turns, how many turns should
tor Ro. Specify the value of Ro so that maximum
be placed on the N2 winding of the ideal trans-
average power is delivered to Ro.
former in the circuit seen in Fig. P10.64 so that
d) What is the maximum average power that can maximum average power is delivered to the
be delivered to Ro? 6800 Æ load?
b) Find the average power delivered to the 6800 Æ
Figure P10.60 resistor.
2 100  c) What percentage of the average power deliv-
1:5 ered by the ideal voltage source is dissipated in
15 0 the linear transformer?
20  j10  C
A (rms)
Ideal Figure P10.64
j200 
40  720  N1
10.61 Find the average power delivered to the 5 kÆ resis-
tor in the circuit of Fig. P10.61. Ideal
255 0 
j30  j1500  N2 6800 
V (rms) 
Figure P10.61
200 
25 : 1 1 : 50
145 0°  10.65 The variable load resistor RL in the circuit shown in
5 k Fig. P10.65 is adjusted for maximum average power
V (rms)  PSPICE

Ideal
MULTISIM
transfer to RL.
Ideal
a) Find the maximum average power.
10.62 The ideal transformer connected to the 5 kÆ load b) What percentage of the average power devel-
in Problem 10.61 is replaced with an ideal trans- oped by the ideal voltage source is delivered to
former that has a turns ratio of 1:a. RL when RL is absorbing maximum average
power?
a) What value of a results in maximum average
power being delivered to the 5 kÆ resistor? c) Test your solution by showing that the power
developed by the ideal voltage source equals the
b) What is the maximum average power? power dissipated in the circuit.

10.63 a) Find the turns ratio N1>N2 for the ideal trans-
Figure P10.65
former in the circuit in Fig. P10.63 so that
maximum average power is delivered to the 12 
400 Æ load.
b) Find the average power delivered to the 4 1 16 
400 Æ load. 1:4
c) Find the voltage V1. 40 0 
RL
V (rms) 
d) What percentage of the power developed by the
ideal current source is delivered to the 400 Æ Ideal
resistor?
 Problems 395

10.66 Repeat Problem 10.65 for the circuit shown in d) Repeat the calculation in part (a) assuming that
PSPICE Fig. P10.66. the computer is charging for 5 hours and the AC
MULTISIM
adapter is unplugged from the wall outlet for
19 hours.
Figure P10.66
RL 10.68 a) Suppose you use your microwave oven for
12 minutes each day. The remaining time, the
oven is ready with the door closed. Use the val-
80  20  40 
ues in Table 10.3 to calculate the total number
1:2 of kilowatt-hours used by the microwave oven
500 0  in one month.
360 
V (rms) 
b) What percentage of the power used by the
Ideal
microwave oven in one month is consumed
when the oven is ready with the door closed?

Sections 10.1–10.6 10.69 Determine the amount of power, in watts, con-

10.67 a) Use the values in Table 10.3 to calculate the sumed by the transformer in Fig. 10.29. Assume that
number of kilowatt-hours consumed in one the voltage source is ideal (Rs = 0 Æ ), R1 = 5 Æ ,
month by a notebook computer AC adapter if and L1 = 250 mH. The frequency of the 120 V(rms)
every day the computer is charging for 5 hours source is 60 Hz.
and sleeping for 19 hours..
10.70 Repeat Problem 10.69, but assume that the
b) Repeat the calculation in part (a) assuming that linear transformer has been improved so that
the computer is charging for 5 hours and off for Rs = 50 m Æ. All other values are unchanged.
19 hours.
c) Repeat the calculation in part (a) assuming that 10.71 Repeat Problem 10.69 assuming that the linear
the computer is charging for 5 hours and dis- transformer in Fig. 10.29 has been replaced by an
connected from the AC adapter for 19 hours, ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 30:1. (Hint –
but the AC adapter remains plugged into the you shouldn’t need to make any calculations to
wall outlet. determine the amount of power consumed.)