Scribd
Upload
38 views2 pages

TLA 3.1 - Ionospheric Propagation Concepts

The document defines and explains key terms related to radio wave propagation: A skip distance is how far a radio wave travels, a skip zone is a region radio waves cannot reach, and the critical angle is the angle of incidence where the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The critical frequency is the highest frequency a signal can have before penetrating the ionosphere, while the maximum usable frequency and optimum working frequency refer to the highest effective frequencies for skywave propagation. Virtual height describes the apparent height of signal reflection determined by a wave's travel time. Formulas are provided to calculate virtual height for flat and curved Earth models. Key factors affecting skywave propagation are also defined.

Uploaded by

Sam Puno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views2 pages

TLA 3.1 - Ionospheric Propagation Concepts

The document defines and explains key terms related to radio wave propagation: A skip distance is how far a radio wave travels, a skip zone is a region radio waves cannot reach, and the critical angle is the angle of incidence where the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The critical frequency is the highest frequency a signal can have before penetrating the ionosphere, while the maximum usable frequency and optimum working frequency refer to the highest effective frequencies for skywave propagation. Virtual height describes the apparent height of signal reflection determined by a wave's travel time. Formulas are provided to calculate virtual height for flat and curved Earth models. Key factors affecting skywave propagation are also defined.

Uploaded by

Sam Puno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Define and explain the following terms in radio wave propagation.

The explanation should be


based on how you understand the concept and, it is not a computer-generated answer coming
from an AI-based language learning model (e.g., ChatGPT).
a. Skip Distance
A skip distance is the distance a radio wave travels.

b. Skip Zone
A skip zone is a region where radio cannot be transmitted.

c. Critical Angle
It is the angle of incidence (angle of incident wave) where the angle of refraction is 90
degrees.
d. Critical Frequency
It is the highest frequency possible for a radio signal before it starts penetrating the
ionosphere.
e. Maximum Usable Frequency
The maximum usable frequency is the highest frequency that can be used for
transmission through sky-wave propagation.
f. Optimum Working Frequency
It is similar to MUF, but a more general solution. It's the highest frequency that can be
used effectively in sky-wave propagation that can be used with minimal issues in most
atmospheric conditions.
g. Virtual Height
The height of the ionosphere, determined by how long a radio wave travels from a
transmitter to the layer then back to the receiver.
h. Formula and illustration on how to compute the virtual height.

Flat earth:
2ℎ
𝐷 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 β
Curve earth:
−1 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 β
𝐷 = 2𝑅 · (900 − β − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑅+ℎ
) 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

Underline which word makes the statement correct.

Ionospheric Effect on Sky Waves


● The refractive ability of the ionosphere INCREASES/DECREASES with the degree of
ionization.
● The bending of a wave at any given frequency or wavelength and angle of radiation will
INCREASE/DECREASE and with an INCREASE/DECREASE in ionization density.
● The degree of ionization is LESSER/GREATER in summer than in winter and is also
LESSER/GREATER during the day than at night.
Frequency or Wavelength
● The bending of a wave at any given ionization density and angle of radiation will
INCREASE/DECREASE with an INCREASE/DECREASE in wavelength
(INCREASE/DECREASE in frequency).
● The LOWER/HIGHER the frequency, the MORE EASILY/HARDLY the signal is
refracted.
Angle of Radiation
● The bending of wave at any given frequency and ionization density will
INCREASE/DECREASE with an INCREASE/DECREASE in the angle of radiation (the
wave is NEARER/FARTHER from the horizon).

You might also like