ChE 372 EXAM #3 Spring 2012 Today you will take two exams, one in chemical engineering and one in integrity. It is my sincerest hope you score perfect on both. However, if you are going to fail at one, let it be the one in chemical engineering. ~ A very wise man Instructions: ‘¢ This exam contains 8 short answer questions and 4 work out problems for 71 total points. ‘You may wish to scan all problems before beginning to assess their difficulty. ‘Ifyou need more room to work these problems only use the provided blank sheets of paper. Clearly label all problems if they continue onto additional pages: Write your name at the top of each new answer sheet. Short Answer (21 points total), 1.) Name three separate catalyzed reactions from the list we talked about in class (the same forward and reverse version do not count as separate reactions). (3 points) drogenation aa could be u jon WalSaene tion aterification salforat hy dation een ‘ Ton vedio ogidett atin Ligeston of proteins 2.) Which plot represents a realistic temperature profile for an exothermic gas-phase reaction in a PFR operating with a cooling jacket that removes a con: Assume the z-axis is from reactor entry to exit and that ‘one: 2 points) has fo howe mox if react gee 100}. Conv3.) Below is a diagram for the concentration of reactant A as a function of the radius of a The solid lines are for different values of the Thiele Modulus, ©. spherical catalyst particle 1 oe~ oem CC ng ‘ote oa ° ra oO 8 | Wo. 2s 8 ing in terms of the Thiele Modulus? (Circle one; 2 points) In which direction is the arrow point Decreasing Thiele Modulus Increasing Thiele Modulus 4.) Connect the heat of adsorption with the appropriate adsorption process by drawing two lines. (2 points) 00 k/mol Physisorption >< -10 ki/mol Chemisorption inetically 5.) In reaction diffusion processes, like catalysis, itis possible to encounter controlled or transport controlled processes. Fill in the blank with either “fast reaction” or “fast diffusion” to match the associated controlling process. (2 points) Kinetically Controlled Past diffusion Transport Controlled, Fast Wreac tion 6.) The Damkohler numt ost closely related to the: (Circle one: 2 points) Cc Thiele Modulus Effectiveness Factor 7.) Fill in the blanks with cumulative residence time distribution (CRTD) or residence time distribution (RTD) to indicate which experiment gives this directly: (2 points) CRTD Step tracer experiment Pulse tracer experiment__ 27D 2|Pa8.) Label the extinction and ignition points on the graph below for the nonisothermal CSTR. Also label all unstable and stable branches of the curve. What important principle does demonstrate? (6 points) . —— —— 3] PaProblem 1 (10 points) ‘The oxidation of carbon monoxide on a heterogeneous, platinum-containing catalyst is believed to proceed according to the sequence of elementary reactions CO+S 4 CO-S a) 0, +28 + 20-5 @ O-S+CO-S +CO,-S+S (3) C0, -$ C0, +S “ Reaction one, two and four are reversible while the third reaction is irreversible, and is considered to be the rate-limiting step. a, Derive the rate of production equation for CO b. How would your answer to part (a) change if reaction (4) were irreversible, but reaction (3) remained the rate-limiting step? : A) Tage — (rate of ren of rete linibing sep) 1, 2 ~ksCco Gsb) we 4 now particle - iD means kro or Keg, \/ e Res les Was) CoG, (me jeen|Problem 2 (15 points) The irreversible gas-phase reaction A — R is being carried out at steady state to 90% conversion in an isothermal fixed-bed catalytic reactor that operates as an ideal, plug-flow reactor. The reaction is 2" order in A, and the value of the rate constant is 2.5 x 10° m°/mol-kg, cat ‘The concentration of A in the feed to the reactor is 12 mol/m? and the volumetric flow rate is 0.50 m’/s. The total pressure is | atm, and the pressure drop through the reactor can be neglected. Assume that the external transport resistances are negligible. The catalyst particles are spherical, with a radius of 0.3 em. ‘The particle density is 3000 kg/m’, bed porosity is 0.4, and the effective diffusivity of A in the catalyst particle is 10 em". a) Estimate the values of the effectiveness factors at the bed inlet and the bed outlet assuming that the Thiele Modulus is sufficiently large that n = 1/. b) What weight of catalyst is required to achieve such a conversion and what is the corresponding bed volume? ©) A catalyst with the same particle density and bed porosity is also available in a cylindrical shape (R = L = 0.3 em), how would the effectiveness factor change? Which catalyst should be implemented to use the least amount of catalyst? Vp Ware? R 3) ASS} ww, acd (ein deems off each value Leelee! Le 16% k= O4S m alet Cag? Ca let Oey = ( — CA < dag BF fe alee gh = YeermDIe = 2.84 /N=Fe4 pirs N2- foe nth 4tled b- 0.9 [= bl yaL 1) tle pas (ee) meta? av 2 2 2 Ds Yo) = - (0.4) (048) Cag ee 1D) ) e Cag = -(o. Sowa) |S Ca Be ANa : > & 9,328 (sey EN Q Na le Nay Cur * ° 3 = mol, ( oe = 0.328 [av ° - Nee (0 es | \ Nae? 0.6 "/s Nay ~ _ Na Es = -0.928 Ve 4 Ina, 3 es oe [ies 69m [is cothent. [I Weep = bm? ¥ (1 £) Cat Lox 0.0 % 3000 ke /,? Yele FZ e cylinder pou 8) . Vo wie re 2 ey = ©Ow0FS m ie oe = Pr 2742? lume § less py qh lowwbe s Chive hud 78 Letew |Problem 3 points) An elementary second order liquid-phase reaction (A+ B ->C) takes place in a jacketed CSTR. The reactor has a volume of 1200 L and is heated by a heating jacket. The feed temperature is 300 K, and the flow rate is 30 L/min, The equimolar feed consists of Cyr = Cy = 2mole/L. Useful data: Parameter Value Units (K)s008 0.01725 L/mol-min Ey 10 kJ/mol AHn 41.84 kJ/mol A (CP)nnmis 4184 JK Heat transfer coeff. U 70 Usem*-K Heat transfer area A 6 m a) Determine the reactor temperature required to obtain 60% conversion. b) Determine the jacket temperature in order to operate the reactor at conditions defined in part a), ©) Comment on your result in part b). How would you carry out this operation more ‘economically? ~Ka fae p, (o.sset) _ pn UT Boe *\ oom 6|Page#3 Ms @ steady she AT. water) ~ Dod eiVe + Qh Co (T-T)HQ)= © — (#000, Z,) ( 0.0469710.8 Yom 205 INE (300) + (7% True) oy) £2) (Ta -T) =O =].4o% x10 Zi+ gs200F, (uo -T) = 0 SSB = Ta -4oare ("ee 956 | pee (DP) Te very high ond Ulaly cbitlicn tA merbern also. high Ta nateng pare expensive process A pssible col-tion i¢ fo fncvense Ao UProblem 4 (15 points) ‘The exothermic elementary liquid-phase reaction k A+BoC is carried out in a batch reactor with a cooling coil to keep the reactor isothermal at 27% reactor is initially charged with equal concentrations of A and B and no C, Cao = Cro. moles/L, Cc = 0. Other useful information is: k= 0.2 Limol-min Va=SL AHk = -200 keal/mole (a) How long does it take to reach 95% conversion? (b) What is the total amount of heat that must be removed by the cooling coil when the desired conversion is reached? (©) You are concered with safety as it relates to your ability to remove heat from the reactor. To explore a worst case scenario, determine the maximum rate at which heat must be removed (keal/min) by the cooling coil and at what time the maximum occurs? (a) Why is using a cooling coil in this manner a challenging to implement in a real reactor? L Ca.zCp and res 7[Pave4a = Ade OF bio . * 4 (+ Bake at £uy unsere Qast (aa bun cae) LN at 1 Staiet fey 2 ie 7 a ot Qy= DY Vn Cake QBS _ ce 2 i - [4200 ket )(sy)(2e2") (0.2 ar.) (A279) Q,,= \G0O kcal Cd cho do Su fon subehet o ae = Ate Ve ~ ale at ao ny xt+a (v+ay" fortayar= +en#l f 1 Ge = tan (x) +e l+x Ls dx =—tan'(x/a)+e a dead inja? +x? |4c 2 -1,_2ax+b J J Joe ten Et ax’ +bx+d dad -b? V4ad - 6° J J 1 Lo atx a =— In-—) +e,a4b (xtal(xt+b) b-a “b+x a zd =—“_+In|at+x|+e (x+ay +x General Material Balance for All Reactors a i Jesd¥ =O,c, -O,c,, +) Rav iEnergy Balances Batch ‘Single phase * ap Vane Gr ~ OT Va Ge + LHe =O (6.68) Vote dt — ort? Vane Se ~ aTVn Ge = ~ Eatamnva + (6.69) a. Incompressible-fluid or constant-pressure reactor 2aT Vane SE = -Satinnive +0 (670) b. Constant-volume reactor a. gat __s (ay 4, view Gy =-E [or = oTVe Dy (2), , ] rWa+Q (6.71) bal Constant-volume reactor, ideal gas 4 Vaptv SE = ~ 5 (aH -RTVINVE +O (6.72) CSTR, ee _. ‘Single phase oy an , votre ~ aT Va Se + SH, Gi = Gross Qo +d (6.76) zt vantoSt ~ aT vg ee = Satan + DeisQp yy ~Hy) + Q 6.77) 7 Z a: incompressible Mud or constant-pressure reactor vantoSE = -Sateae + LeyvOrFyy-H+@ . (6.78) ’. Constantvolume reactor vepv8h = - (atlas 7Ve DvuPa, ve + DeysQe Ais -F) 7 7 7 + aT Ve D Paley @r- CQ +Q_ (6.79) ba Constant-volume reactor, ideal gas ar ; 7 Vent y SE ou -S (attes RIV) Ve + Seep Fy -H) RT SleyQr- iQ) +Q (6.80) i Steady state, constant Cp, P = Py =D oHarVe + QrosCo(Ty ~ T+ Q=0 (a1) iPFR Single phase . ae aotrst sQu- are = ~ Daten ea (6.92) a. Neglect pressure drop, or ideal gas aver =- Tae mea (6.93) b. Incompressible fluid a,aT | 5 aP Qn + OG 2 Lian + a (6.94) Ma ie Dg (9s) Chant We econ) (a gy Cast a-(psdl ee Nee Re Nhe : zB aa Vout Crt Broce Ry Fade Deferme Mathad BRE te hed cot Ties | ta af phalt Gente he Cone Ca, \Gta Wag |Gayl Ca uy é - LlartasG AU) -3Grot 4C4,-Car Les} pe (24) a spg Ga tns Tadied pt (A. Bote ee r (= he Tales pt (SEA paler Gen!