2 Fundamental and Derived Units sant ce guy aes wi 7 teint of eng aye boss mass ene oni Fer xara tinct am ees ee gu ani We Sccuhyomofnt never vo Troe rte i ‘Sicha nn Sse gos ee stunts oe ‘i seen noe BE mg a, Fag nae scone Th ie a ae tec Sioweintn sons 8 ee Chapter 4 Units and Dimensions © 117 pre: 1m 450.76. waeeghy sacwn of lion casing ong fbf os yin: 18" 912.91, tie pin fa pr tae forse 3 yan tow ipo Wsh corn wich bn fon hou My lng. sight concn ose“ sin plat dates afo mea oes ibters eof 210" Ninbeweson tenn: 1K=1/27.16 ptf te ermdani (ert tp ita wate i. hie aout of mite ten wih wat nylons aie atom, ‘cues, ns ct) 2 ee we kom pe ‘Game sete ‘hetero ezing pli drapes of 01310" Nim kan; Hs te ple np ween Wo rai ofc wich cat onthe ccm on ‘reo in ego he es Suan: Theda te od an avin etext th cee fe spe at an ‘rth toe fs ql oat of qn ih ideo cathe esr othe Dimensions oxo of phil eat ate owe wich Be dane miter mt eae set ge ye. same ey = Sa - hs th mesos of dey ae 1 ia at and a eng Te dinemions of al ter otal ques rr or coven he finn quis oe rept yo smb General a ented gh tine 8 al cet y derma tempered nour f wha nh unis ine dy = eo et wl a croc, heise ney pe em sy canbe wien d= enh) ®Nu Table 4.2 Dimensional formulae Ano, Wan sit, ve, te Meohanion >t fn exp una Karnal He h [nin a} loos rr) uw Phyatoal Quanity rk = ae x chaplacerent Teo = te pnp ator Mower = mae «vast puts «tree = ‘Anglo arcin van = A AY ify Pronto = trca/vea icity = ater ei of Froxquoney » 1A period ‘Angular yoloty = angler » tno ‘Momnant of mntia » ‘surtace onion = focavength Graviavional constant fovea» (i onaee ‘Anqgula nomertu Govitcont of wacom Planck's oonwtant apes Hat) ‘eoteiont of Wrmal conecctity ) ” hotrmann conelant iN) ite iting tt is a ine ny tiow stl of Nn pro a Nw hima humntae Na hk wank, sine k 1% ‘he fundamental pve (MA)‘pyeiea! Quantity en's consent) sf’ constant) wats Re eerie charge er rk] fear rorty Le an ec potential es (uray capacitance ei INET?) erty te 8 a rere) are dpe mart tT rey sestooe ua Magnetic eld —— a 2 META} Cone 2 rt in) FH = Merny Example 4.1 Find the dimensional (a) Density (6) Velocity (d) Momentum (e) Force (@) Power (h) Pressure (a) Density = TSS Solution (a) Density = FS formula of the follow aces of the following quantities: Work or energy fame fas) | 1M (Dens a ess ohne) >] MED displacemen (0) Velocny (y= Sebo oye EE yt y= Seeley OT) 01 Kind oftine -orty (€) Momentum (P) =f] P= (te = qT} =paer}) (e) Force F] =m] (Fl toy) = MILT} ‘=[MLT*} (9 Work or Energy = fre x displacement (ork = fc} aspacement] =(MLT?] = IMUT)(1) Premio w He “ Wwe) MERIT Urs ier’) nul ofthe following qua © Example 4.2 Pind she dimensional formu of the fi a (4) Surface tension, 7. (6) Univeraat constant of gravitation, (impute, volving these equations are To Ph eM ye ptand ts Pd Solution wrt ere) m mt iMr') coy IE. ME) to "Re weer) Jara viet =IMerymn =our' (@t=F x Me trig sine ser}Chapter 4 Units and Dimensions * 121 uses of Dimensions oy of dimensions have following main uses: tanversion of units This is based on the fact tht the sonresponding unit) i$ constant, Ths ‘ Product ofthe numerical value (n) and its lu) = constant « i led=ns us) suppose the dimensions ofa physical quantity ae ain mass bin length and in time. Ifthe ‘oxen in one ystems a me My a respectively. Then, we can write Ore [MEL T/] =n, IM$ LS TS] Ai) scidaftteaieesges wetcioe i i i ay wasp et al ae sa te as Ui Ew os © Example 4.3 The value of gravitation constant is G = 6.67 x10-! Nom? /hg? in SI unite, Convert it into CGS eystem of units. Solution The dimensional formula of Gis [M"' LT), Using Eq. (i) ie. (My 'L}T?)= mg IM3L3T 2] . RTRIRY My =1hg, My =1g=10° kg, Ly=1m,L;=1em=107 m, i manveherat ae) fess] (ey ‘Thus, value of G in CGS system of units 6.67 x10°* dyne om"/g? 2, To check the cimensional correctness ofa given physical equation Every physical equation should be dimensionally balanced. Ths i called the ‘Principle of Homogeneity’. The dimensions of each teem on both sides of an equation mus be the same. On this basis, we can judge whether a given ‘equation is correct or not. Buta dimensionally correct equation may or may not be physically correct. Ty=t,=13 ‘substituting inthe above equation, we get my 266710"N22 + Mechanics «1 © Example 44° Shove that the expression of the time period T of a simple Pemdiabuom of length ven by To 2 ss dimensionally correct Demenovnaty (t= [Ty yee As in the above equation, the dimensions of fouh sides are same The given ionensisnally corte Principte ot Homogeneity of Dimensions rromcipe sates thatthe dimension ha tn i pn sh vie tpscalegns ats ar edna afstant aoe sii ily i's sample 45 The velocs niton uma yb of = > te Rove the sae cies Particle depends upon the time t accord 7, Write the dimensions of a,c and d. Solution From principle of homogeneity, tel=D) oe [alt ) mer) twtete) or (oye tLe eto) oe tof 7 o tr=nr sy Soulaty, Waste Further, weg hl & la-bilded or fete im oe fast 3. Toestabish the relation among various physical quantities 1f we know the fstors on which a ‘physical quantity may depend, we can finda formula relating the quantity with those tus take an example © Example 4.6 The frequency f) of a stretched string depends upon the te F (dimensions of force), length of the string and the mass per unit length i string. Derive the formula for frequency. ‘Solution | Suppose, tht the frequency f depends on the tension raise 9 the power raised to the power b and mass per unit lng raised tothe power «Then, partyChapter 4 Units and Dimensions * 123 Sake Pys in ee 8 dimensionless consan, Thuy, T= tT tn w ELT = MET ye py ones « UT epeetestoepae for dimensional Balance, he dimensions on bth sides shoul be sane Ths. aten0 a+b-cn0 and ~2am-1 Solving these three equations, we get 1 ad sobstittng these values in Eg, (i), we get PME Uy te Tek i tsgemert hele of ison ote iF 2\u itations of Dimensional Analysis, Themehod of dimension has the following imitations () By this method, the value of dimensionless constant cannot be calculated i By this method, the equation containing tigonometical, exponential and loa carmot be analysed (4) This method #s useful when physical quantity depends on other quantities which are nultiplied, divided or raised to some power. cannot be used if physical quantity depends on ty ‘amor diferene of two quantities For example, we canot ge the reatin, =u + 4a from dimensional analysisore Concerts a ral in ne = olved Examples trample $F te dimensional einen of say emule see (0 te Cond Ce ein ets een Po-m(3)ecucin ve ma ee CV ond V =m oaten wae pga fPN BOLTON, s aie Tan” ey =") go> 5 taotninetan ved oe ie MOT ya a ina ni cof w (oe. uy nN ae oY oe (mel) oT Te (Example 2 Write the dimensions of and bin the relation, P=? spore ditance ond tine, Secon The mre cn be wim Pats bet ie Uoatstisteh w bietete see) e taal ley : tae Aer Example 3 The ential oc Pating ona partie moving unio in ithe nth, he ce carn he tine ‘may depen upon msm), elt) ond radia ofthe ile, Doe the formal for Pasig the meted of mena Yc nnn cnt propery, Wing ting HS ma Lis wis test (nur eo gay seer‘hashes 4 Units and Oimensions = 127 1 wins spe], Deni dananstntnanuinesroeeace ne + et ate tat ng nt ot ateap omer «Example 8 WRIch of he ollowing combinations hs the dimension of electrical astance (8 the permits of cium andthe perm a -f Uwe I vation Lat (= 0 nf MoM ET A) el 4 © eran $e sng pri ant eth nd Se ipess semaine nd th ume ae of] elt etatcuersd ite tyes 42h eae Repro viernes se -aspet ® smi nant ‘a senzpe-3 ‘m taahe-2 ” (© Example Con presure(ph deny) ond eli) be taken Seong eae lo i tin sve and oot Fogo]a _ 126 © Mechanion +1 apinertia Dane Pa © Exampte 61 surfer ni, he imentonal fo (On re tb taken th fl ‘moment would wine oe mat ayn Holatin Vat p (avon pwr ist ty LT si] MUP Sf. force» ath = EME (heer ur rr “FM sul We ane "Th, enuting dinenss arbreed 1 olving thew threw equations, we DeNSE on pos Pn® f dimensions of | ia Ho (6M INTEL (INEM) cay a Solution Dimers © Example 10° In SI unis, permit of ree space are lool LAAy ‘ae apond of ti Dimension fe (040) Bo, dimensions of, fe oe hs lel ie BA Ley Be eAy few iae Fo 9p Sorter 4 Unts and Denson «181 Exercises ie Att sey id ar oe Assorion and Reason Ma on 1 Te hae Ser nam certo rc i os 0) othr ‘tem hort Sac : 1 Tesincomoal formal Merk o aa sper hae es reg ‘air ee oe dei 9.1 nme (wy dr be tb dann ten he meno ores) or ae tae aio he dient Pac’ cnn Objective Questions ane Tao e-o pine ow ‘Single Correct Option * tos, Which af the 4. The dimensional formula or Plan estan il angular meme tates inte? (on UT ona AL eM aM The wna ame alt oA (0 [a Mona tT) [ML on = weir, hewitt ame ato ower’) airy i a. wun 6 Svommaile hardin teSat 8. Wht ling tan einai dt iia el art) ouner) ith ne ed ert (eng iad et our, @orer (Man tin nd ey (dang ean ty +n the frmula X 0 24, and Zhavedinessions oeapestane and magne ndcton ‘ep, Whtae dimen ot on Sted {ft Peal ieee Et lei mee gh mae re {Die mom Be On, er eld saneturg, 4. Which of the flowing ets have die dinero132 + Mechanies-1 mete es wt dabaig — a ee temperate. Th dorsi © me tea peur Ire Prey spe lay eaten te dnc ot ae eee o'r’ neu nae, anaes — one Teh id ring este et mena ah ee © coer mamta toe ‘woe oe a 1 Wecnaicttcmgiel pnt nto and lnm a ae sen Fs ot en pd oie sain te pti Te ind ge 1. wert ding ne tet neers) Be onary aneveny ws ata mesg and h denote mass f slcton, charge of elacton,eetre permittivity nnd Planck's rake ona seis The at ae, i oe i aa re = tee ‘wre ete ere fo (MET K*) oe (e Faongy and Youngs modulus “Light yeur ant wnveienith DEK bees ue eine re creme erate = (9 pe ice Scans oerbee ened sgiaa coer eae eae represent speedo light ann @ representa The 8 unit of the induetanco, the berry ean by written we eine unt ar por sew then one ites 7 and & sac oat, "8 volt scapes Lata eee ee pe nee aig of te acm HATS gh ond isn iy et dn i lg ay et (2 atime abe 1 and spr the py ganien indctn, cp ed ane Somer eanan = ‘cc Thoms ee bee en aoe a anurey to oaregy134 » Mechanies- (Chapee 4 Unis and Dimensions + 135 Match Cokes 7 coat oe a areas iy 9 ETE Cowpea amt) dnd oe ket i punch ce te cote cum oO Magni cb an (0 To o per ©) Cece fa) =Olaemec fn) tg Kee b*Ly oes i (Trivers gn comet ower com ere ans aren ote oer @ ao wun ‘Column Tl Some ofthe physcl quantities may have more than ome came Chest sale. Nn? ape tin dyn? Seton of materia the COS sytem 72 ye What vat it [Nem bbe rm an exonerate wiped T prprtonal o 52 Bor pnt sn prendre deny water and Ete al ener of Ica Pd evalua bende cone ped Se en tt neni, = Misi re Ys ‘4. me phy qustiin ae pe Cala | dame ee BL eluate material ew Light Meath wight apd eb wd ‘amie ay Eres prea Gaume Mach pea a Seti say ety 4 -ro+ 3 Pde iene rset) tine Pati ty, oa evn an fraseciromase seeps td cameras136 » Mechanies-1 8. Inthen nk? SF able. T= temapsrature V 8. Let and a stand for dive 10. In he equation {48 14. Taking force F; length () density Assertion and Reason Le ‘Single Correct Option 1® 24 so 4 2 20 Be 28 2H me x6 3G) More than One Correct Options Ld 2 (abe) Match the Columns 4 (25.0) 94,099, (0) £420) -+PL-s 5 (a)-r5,(b)-r7,(e)-+4 (8)--P Subjective Questions 1 20 x10" dyne/em* 1 ocr ss [Bl (s4.*7 "1, al=I 7") & [al=[MU?T mol"), eI) 10. zer0 2a) 40 F where 7p dimensionally quate Answers so « 8a) ew te) GQ) aw ad 20 z 2) pd <@one0ons Gam 5 Etna’ (¢=adimens ThA, om No 4 (oir LIT