SIMPLE MACHINE UNIT

CYCLE 2
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SIMPLE MACHINE
Machines don’t always have to be complicated, in
fact we use simple machines everyday. They help us
lift, pull, transport, and hold objects together.
Without these very basic machines our lives would
be a whole lot harder.
Amp Up Your
Ramp -
Inclined Plane
Imagine trying to carry a heavy box
up a ladder. It would probably be
difficult and even dangerous. But if
you were to place a long sheet of
plywood on the ladder and push
the box up, even though the
distance is longer, the effort it
takes is less.
An inclined plane or ramp is used daily by many
people, you may have seen a delivery truck with it’s
long ramp loading or unloading products. Most
buildings today also have an inclined plane for
people using wheel chairs.

Ladders and stairs are also sloped to make an

inclined plane. The bottom of your bathtub is also an
inclined plane because it is sloped to force water
toward the drain.
Get the 'Wedge' edge
What has at least one slanting side and
ends in sharp edge? A wedge. A wedge
works like a ramp, but instead of moving
an object from here to there, it pushes it
apart. The narrower the wedge is the
easier it is to divide something.

Wedges can be sharp like axes, knives or

shovels, or they can be round like the tip
of a nail or the tines of a fork. Just
imagine how difficult it would be to eat
dinner without the help of a knife to cut
your food or a fork to pick it up with.
Simply screw~ie

Who would’ve thought a simple screw

would be considered a machine, but it is.
Screws hold things together and are
used in our daily lives. What makes a
screw, a screw? The inclined plane that
wraps around it, called a thread, and the
wedge on the end.
Look at an example of a screw (jars,
bottles and their lids are considered
screws), if the thread is wide it will be
harder to turn, but if it’s narrow it will
take longer to fasten.
 The eager lever
Levers are always ready to work and it’s
a good thing as they are able to help us
lift heavy objects. It’s easy to recognize a
lever - most things with a handle
attached are considered one. Levers
consist of a stick and a fulcrum (fuul-
kruhm). The fulcrum is the point at which
the lever moves. By changing the
position of the fulcrum you will either
gain or lose power - the closer the
fulcrum is to the object the easier it is to
lift. Good examples of levers are
seesaws, shovels, and crow bars.
 The wheel deal
The wheel and axle are one of the
oldest, simple machines around. In
fact a wheel was found dating back
5,500 years. A true simple wheel
and axle machine consists of a rod
(axle) secured to a wheel.
A water faucet has a wheel and
axle on it. The knob that you turn is
the wheel. When you turn the
knob, you are also turning an axle
that it's attached to.
A fan is another example of a
wheel and axle. The fan blades
(wheel) are attached to a rod
(axle). When the motor is
turned on, the fan blades will
spin and produce a nice
cooling breeze on a hot day.
 P ULLY THAT PULL
Take a wheel with a groove running around it add an
axle and a rope or cable, put them together and what
do you have? A pulley.
When you work with a pulley, lifting becomes a cinch.
Why? Because you’re working with gravity by pulling
down on the rope. Imagine raising a flag to the top of
the pole without a pulley. How would you do it? You
could take a ladder and climb to the top and fasten
the flag. You could use a ramp and push it to the top.
Or you could simply attached it to a pulley and hoist
away.
Letting pulley’s do the job is safe, simple and fun!
VOCABULARY AND ACTIONS
Word Definition
Machine something that makes work easier: make
easier, faster, or better

Work when a force moves an object

Force a push or pull

Plane any flat surface

 VOCABULARY AND ACTIONS
Word Definition
Inclined Plane a plane that has one end higher
than the other

Wedge two inclined planes that come to a point to

make lifting or splitting easier

Screw an inclined plane wrapped

around a pole

Lever a bar that pivots around a fulcrum

 VOCABULARY AND ACTIONS
 ord
W Definition
Fulcrum the point on which a lever rests

a wheel with an axle through its

Wheel and axle
center to move loads
a force that slows objects
Friction down when they rub against
each other
Gears wheels with teeth that fit together
a wheel with a groove for a rope
Pulley
that is used for lifting
 S IMPLE MACHINE
1. What type of simple machine is found on a water bottle cap?
a. lever b. pulley
c. wheel and axle d. screw

2. How is a wedge like an inclined plane? How is it different?

3. On which type of simple machine would you find a fulcrum?

Explain what a fulcrum is.

4. Which is an example of a wheel and axle?

a. shovel b. water faucet knob
c. seesaw d. crow bar
5. What type of simple machine is shown in the picture to the right?
a. inclined plane b. pulley
c. wheel and axle d. wedge
S EARCHING FOR SIMPLE MACHINE
List two examples of each
type of simple machine.
1.
Incline plane 2.
Wedge 2.
1.

Screw 1.
2.
Lever 1.
2.
Wheel and axle 1.
2.
Choose the best answer for each multiple choice question. Write the best
answer on the line.

1. Which is not a type of simple machine?

a. spring b. screw
c. pulley d. wedge
2. Work is...
a. energy from the sun b. a force that moves an object
b. a type of machine d. a force that pulls you towards
3. What type of simple machine is found on the cap of a pickle jar?
a. lever b. inclined plane
c. screw d. wheel and axle
4. What is the fixed point upon which a lever rotates?
a. fulton b. fulcrum
c. furmen d. falcon
5. What type of simple machine is found on the floor of a bathtub?
a. screw b. inclined plane
c. wedge d. pulley
6. Which of these is an example of a wedge?
a. skateboard b. broom
c. stairs d. butter knife
7. A screw is made up of wrapped around a post or rod.
a. treads b. springs
c. threads d. strings
8.Which of these is not an example of an inclined plane?
a. ladder b. stairs
c. wall d. driveway

9.Which is an example of someone using a simple machine to do work?

a. a boy runs across a football field
b.a banker counts money
c. a mother pushes a stroller up a ramp into a building
d.a girl eats a sandwich

10.Jan is using a screwdriver to insert a screw. The screwdriver is being

used as...
a. a pulley b. a screw
c. a lever d. a wheel and axle
11. Thomas is using a screwdriver to pry open a paint can. The screwdriver
is being used as...
a. a pulley b. an inclined plane
c. a screw d. a lever

12. Which is a characteristic of simple machines?

a. They run on electricity.
b. They take a long time to make.
c. They have few or no moving parts.
d. They are not very large.

13. Which type of simple machine would be found on the bottom of a

wagon.
a. a pulley b. a screw
c. a wedge d. a wheel and axle
14. What two parts might make a pulley?
a. wheel and axle b. wheel and wire
c. wheel and screw d. wheel and fulcrum
The six types of simple machines
are:
• inclined plane
• wedge
• screw
• lever
• pulley
• wheel and axle
1.An ax is used to chop wood. The metal part chops through the wood, pushing it apart
into two smaller sections.

Which simple machine is found on the head of this ax?

2.The center of this seesaw is used to balance the board with the seats. The children can
easily move up and down without much force.

The seesaw is an example of which simple machine?

3.The cap on this water bottle has a spiral shape. When you place it on the bottle and
twist, the cap pulls itself toward the bottle.

The bottle cap is an example of which simple machine?

4.When you turn the large knob on a door, a rod on
the inside releases the a latch that holds the door closed. It would be
difficult to turn the rod, if the knob wasn't attached to it.

The door knob and rod make up which simple machine?

5.A wheel with a rope is used to hoist a flag up to the top of a tall flagpole.
This simple machine can also be used to help lift heavy objects with less
force.

The wheel and rope make up which simple machine?

6.A ramp is used for loading this truck. A mover can pull a cart with a heavy obje
the ramp. This is much easier than lifting heavy objects into the truck.

Which simple machine is on the back of this truck?

What types of simple machines do you see in the picture?

The slide is .

The shovel is .

The broom is .

The screwdriver is .
 BocSimple Machines Crossword
Puzzle:Word Box

AX FORCE PULLEY SEVEN

BOTTOM FOUR RAKE SHOVEL
BROOM FULCRUM SAIL SIX
CAP INCLINED PLANE
SCISSORS SWING FIVE
DOORKNOB KNIFE SCREW WEDGE
LEVER SCREDRIVER WHEEL AND AXLE
FLAG POLE NAIL SEASAW WRENCH
 BocSimple Machines Crossword
Puzzle:Word Box

AX FORCE PULLEY SEVEN

BOTTOM FOUR RAKE SHOVEL
BROOM FULCRUM SAIL SIX
CAP INCLINED PLANE
SCISSORS SWING FIVE
DOORKNOB KNIFE SCREW WEDGE
LEVER SCREDRIVER WHEEL AND AXLE
FLAG POLE NAIL SEASAW WRENCH
Simple Machines Crossword Puzzle
 Simple Machines Crossword Puzzle
1. tool with two levers attached together for cutting paper 2. part of a water bottle with a screw

5. wheel and axle device that is turned when you open a 3. wheel and axle tool that is often used with screws
door
4. type of simple machine that is a flat surface with one
6. wedge used for cutting food end higher than the other

8. fixed point on a lever that doesn't move 7. When you push, pull, or turn something you are applying
this.
10. number of different types of simple machines
9. Pulleys are used to raise a flag up this tall object.
11. type of simple machine that is made of a wheel with a rope
or chain 10. lever that kids sit on; often found on a playground

12. type of simple machine made up of a bar that moves on

13. inclined plane that is often found on a playground
a fixed point, or fulcrum
14. type of simple machine that is made of a wheel attached to
13. type of simple machine that is spiral-shaped and pulls
a rod
two things together

16. pulleys are used to raise this on a sailboat

14. a simple machine used to separate something; made up
of two inclined planes back-to-back
17. lever used for digging holes in the ground
15. wedge used for chopping wood
 Simple Machine
There are six basic types of simple machines: inclined plane, wedge, screw,
wheel and axle, lever, and pulley.
1. 1. What is the man doing with the crow bar? Which
type of simple machine is he using?

2. Why might this woman be drilling a hole? Which

2. type of simple machine will she probably insert in
the hole when she's done drilling?
3.
3. What is this man doing? What type of simple
machine is the ladder that he is standing on?
 4. What might the woman doing with the
cord, wheel and hook? Which basic simple
machine is she using?
5. This man is using a power saw.
What do you think he is making? The
saw blade and the rod it is attached
to make up which type of simple
machine?
6. What is this man breaking apart?
The hammer in his right hand is a lever.
What type of simple machine is the
chisel in his left hand?
7. The man is using a vise. What does a vise
do? How does
the man operate it? Which type of simple
machine is used to make the vise open and
close?
1. A broom is a lever. Where is the fulcrum?
Explain.

2. An electric fan is made up of several

simple machines. Tell where you would find
an inclined plane on a fan. Also, tell where
you would find a wheel and axle.

3. Explain how the shoelaces on your shoes

are similar to pulleys.

4. The floor of a bathtub is an inclined

plane. Explain.
 REVIEW--- SIMPLE MACHINES
Fill in the blank: Write the correct word from the box on
the line.
Machine gears friction force bearings lever
Fulcrum plane gravity work energy lifting
1. _______is a push or pull.

2. A__________is the point on which a lever rests.

3.____________are wheels with teeth that fit together.

4. A___________is something that makes work better, easier, or faster.

5. ______________results when a force moves an object.

6._____________is a force that slows objects down when they rub against each other.

7. A_________is any flat surface.

Matching: Draw a line from the item in column A that
matches the item in column B.
A B
A screw is two inclined planes that come to a point to make
lifting or splitting easier.
A wheel and axle
is a bar that pivots around a fulcrum.

A pulley is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole.

An inclined plane is a plane that has one end higher than the oth
is a wheel with an axle around its center to move
A wedge
loads.

A lever is a wheel with a groove for a rope that is used for

lifting.
True or False: Write T beside each true statement and F beside
each false statement.
1.__Machines make a job easier.
2. __A light bulb is a kind of lever.
3. __A screwdriver is kind of wheel and axle.
4.__An inclined plane makes work harde
5. __A nail is an example of a wedge.
6.__A hammer is a kind of lever.
7.__A pencil sharpener is a kind of pulley.
8. __A car is an example of an inclined plane.
9.__The flag is raised and lowered with a pulley.
10.__Some objects are more than one kind of simple machine.
Write the name of each simple machine under its picture.
Screw Wheel and axle Lever Pulley Inclined plane Wedge

Label the fulcrum on the machine that has one

 Answer each question

Name two things that reduce friction.

1.___________________ 2.___________________

What two simple machines are in a pair of scissors?

1._______________
2.________________

Name two things that have gears in them.

1. _____________
2. ____________
 Answer each question
4.What simple machine would you use to get up on a slide?

5.What simple machine would you use to chop down a tree?

6.What simple machine would you use to open a door?

7.What simple machine would you use to take the flag down?

8.What simple machine would you use to get a big rock off the bike path?

9.What simple machine would you use to hold two boards together?

10.What simple machine would you use to keep a door from shutting?
 Answer each question
Think of what simple machines you would use to do the following job. Tell how you
would do it. Please answer in complete sentences.

You want to build a jump for your bike. Your dad said you can use the pile of dirt out
behind the garage for it_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Simple Machines
Board Game

Materials:

-game board
-simple machine question cards 6-sided die
-markers (any small object)

Preparation Tips:

Print the question cards on card stock so players cannot see through the
paper.
 Simple Machines
Board Game
How to Play:

Begin by setting the markers on “Start.”

Each player rolls the die to determine who will go first. The player with the higher number is Player 1. The
player with the lower number is Player 2.

Player 1 rolls the die and moves the correct number of spaces. If the player lands on a square with
directions, follow the directions.

Player 2 takes a question card and reads it aloud to Player 1. Player 1 tries to answer the question. If
Player 1 is correct, he or she stays on the current square. If Player 1 is incorrect, He or she must go back to
the square they were on at the begining of the turn.

Then it is Player 2’s turn to roll the die and answer a question.

Continue taking turns until one player reaches the “Finish Line.” The first player to land on it and correctly
answer the question wins.
 Simple Machines
Board Game

Remember:

A player can only cross the inclined plane shortcut if they land on the square that says,
“You found a shortcut!”

If a player lands on “Lose a turn,” they skip their next turn.