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Unit 5-Shells Folded Plates

Shell structures occupy a leadership position in engineering due to their advantages. Shells can take many forms like cylindrical, conical, spherical shells used in applications like roofs, water tanks, ships, aircrafts, and biological forms. Plates are plane structural elements with small thickness compared to planar dimensions. Plates are used in structures like bridges, buildings, ships, machines due to their ability to support large loads while being very thin. Shells and plates are classified based on their shape, material, boundary conditions and loading and find applications in various fields due to their strength and efficiency.

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22 views

Unit 5-Shells Folded Plates

Shell structures occupy a leadership position in engineering due to their advantages. Shells can take many forms like cylindrical, conical, spherical shells used in applications like roofs, water tanks, ships, aircrafts, and biological forms. Plates are plane structural elements with small thickness compared to planar dimensions. Plates are used in structures like bridges, buildings, ships, machines due to their ability to support large loads while being very thin. Shells and plates are classified based on their shape, material, boundary conditions and loading and find applications in various fields due to their strength and efficiency.

Uploaded by

sumikarai2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF BHUTAN

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


PHUNTSHOLING: BHUTAN

Shells & Folded Plates

16/10/2023:Nimesh Chettri
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Shells in Engineering Structures

▪ Shells as structural Shells


elementsinoccupy
Engineering Structures
a leadership position in engineering and, in
particular, in civil, mechanical, architectural, aeronautical, and marine engineering

▪ Examples of shell structures in civil and architectural engineering are, Large-span


roofs, liquid-retaining structures and water tanks, containment shells of nuclear
power plants, and concrete arch domes

▪ In mechanical engineering shell forms are used in piping systems, turbine disks,
and pressure vessels technology, Aircrafts, missiles, rockets, ships, and submarines
are examples of the use of shells in aeronautical and marine engineering

▪ Another application of shell engineering is in the field of biomechanics where,


shells are found in various biological forms, such as the eye and the skull, and plant
and animal shapes
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Parts of a Cylindrical Shell
The wide application of shell structures in engineering is conditioned by their
following advantages:

1. Efficiency of load-carrying behavior

2. High degree of reserved strength and structural integrity

3. High strength : weight ratio. This criterion is commonly used to estimate a


structural component efficiency: the larger this ratio, the more optimal is a
structure. According to this criterion, shell structures are much superior to
other structural systems having the same span and overall dimensions

4. Very high stiffness


Shells in roof structures

Silos

Aircraft structures
Elevated water tank Liquid retaining shells
• The term shell is applied to bodies bounded by two curved surfaces,
where the distance between the surfaces is small in comparison with
General
other Definitions and Fundamentals of Shells
body dimensions

• The locus of points that lie at equal distances from these two curved
surfaces defines the middle surface of the shell.

• The length of the segment, which is perpendicular to the curved


surfaces, is called the thickness of the shell

• The geometry of a shell is entirely defined by specifying the form of


the middle surface and thickness of the shell at each point
• Shells have all the characteristics of plates, along with an additional one – curvature

• The curvature could be chosen as the primary classifier of a shell because a shell’s
behavior under an applied loading is primarily governed by curvature

• Depending on the curvature of the surface, shells are divided into cylindrical
(noncircular and circular), conical, spherical, ellipsoidal, paraboloidal, toroidal, and
hyperbolic paraboloidal shells

• Owing to the curvature of the surface, shells are more complicated than flat plates
because their bending cannot, in general, be separated from their stretching

• On the other hand, a plate may be considered as a special limiting case of a shell that
has no curvature; consequently, shells are sometimes referred to as curved plates
The hyperbolic paraboloid is a doubly ruled
surface: it contains two families of
mutually skew lines. The lines in each
family are parallel to a common plane, but
not to each other. Hence the hyperbolic
paraboloid is a conoid.
An elliptic paraboloid is a paraboloid of revolution: a surface
obtained by revolving a parabola around its axis. It is the shape of
the parabolic reflectors used in mirrors, antenna dishes, and is also the
shape of the surface of a rotating liquid
The Pantheon Built by Rome's Emperor
Hadrian and completed in 125 AD

The Pantheon has the largest un-reinforced


concrete dome ever built

The dome is 142 feet in diameter and has a


27-foot hole, called an oculus, at its peak,
which is 142 feet above the floor

It was built in place, probably by starting


above the outside walls and building up
increasingly thin layers while working
toward the center
The World First membrane roof and Geodesic shell of Nagoya
lattice steel Shell in the Shukhov Rotunda Dome, Japan, 1997.
,Russia, 1895
The Sydney Opera House in Cast-in-place hangars for the
Sydney, Australia Italian Air Force
Plate structures
Introduction – Plates
▪ Plates are defined as plane structural elements with a small
thickness compared to the planar dimensions

▪ Plates may be considered similar to beams, however:


– Plates can bend in two directions
– Plates must be flat (or else they are shells)

▪ The external loads are resisted by bending, torsion and


transverse shear
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Shape
▪ Rectangular, Circular, Triangular, Elliptical etc.
Classification of Plates
Materials
▪ Concrete, Steel, Composites, Wooden

Elastic Properties
▪ Isotropic plate, Anisotropic/Orthotropic plate

Boundary Conditions
▪ Simply supported, Clamped, Continuous

Loading
▪ Uniformly distributed load
▪ Sinusoidal
▪ Patch load
▪ Concentrated load etc.

Others
▪ Laminated, Voided, Prestressed etc.
Applications
▪ Thin-walled structures in the form of plates and shells are encountered in many
branches of technology, such as civil, mechanical, aeronautical, marine, and
chemical engineering

▪ When suitably designed, even very thin plates, and especially shells, can
support large loads

▪ Thus, they are utilized in structures such as aerospace vehicles in which light
weight is essential

▪ Plates are used in architectural structures, bridges, hydraulic structures,


pavements, containers, airplanes, ships, instruments, machine parts, etc.
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