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Section 4.6 Solutions

The document provides examples of calculating probabilities from reduced sample spaces for various scenarios involving families with children, rolling dice, drawing cards from a deck, selecting bills from a hat, responses in a survey, and results from inspecting light bulbs. Probabilities are expressed as reduced fractions by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes in the reduced sample space.

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43 views

Section 4.6 Solutions

The document provides examples of calculating probabilities from reduced sample spaces for various scenarios involving families with children, rolling dice, drawing cards from a deck, selecting bills from a hat, responses in a survey, and results from inspecting light bulbs. Probabilities are expressed as reduced fractions by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes in the reduced sample space.

Uploaded by

engabd345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homework #1 – 8: Create a reduced sample space and find the requested probabilities.

A
family has three children. Assuming that boys and girls are equally likely, determine the
probability that the family has… (Write your answer as a reduced fraction.)

The full sample space for this problem has 8 elements and is listed below:
BBB BBG BGB BGG GBB GBG GGB GGG

1) Two girls given the first child is a girl

The reduced sample space for question 1 only is:


GBB GBG GGB GGG (denominator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
GBG GGB (numerator 2)

Answer: 2/4 = 1/2

3) Less than 2 girls given the first child is a girl

The reduced sample space for question 3 only is:


GBB GBG GGB GGG (denominator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
GBB GBG (numerator 2)

Answer: 2/4 = 1/2

5) Two boys given the middle child is a boy.

The reduced sample space for question 5 only is:


BBB BBG GBB GBG (denominator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
BBG GBB (numerator 2)

Answer: 2/4 = 1/2


7) 1 girl given the oldest child is a girl

The reduced sample space for question 7 only is:


GBG BGG BBG GGG (numerator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
BBG (numerator 1)
Answer: 1/4

9) The sum is greater than 5 given the first dice is a 4.

Reduced sample space for problem 9:


(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6) (denominator 6)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement:
(4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6) (numerator 5)

Answer: 5/6

11) The sum is even given the second dice is a 4

Reduced sample space for problem 11:


(1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4) (6,4) (denominator 6)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement:
(2,4) (4,4) (6,4) (numerator 3)

Answer: 3/6 = 1/2


13) A double is rolled given neither dice is a 4

Reduced sample space for problem 13:


(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,5) (3,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,5) (6,6)
Denominator: 25

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement:
(1,1) (2,2) (3,3) (5,5) (6,6) numerator is 5

Answer: 5/25 = 1/5

15) The sum is less than 3 given the first dice is a 2

Reduced sample space for problem 15:


(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6) (denominator 6)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement:

No element in reduced sample space has sum less than 3. (Numerator 0)

Answer: 0/6 = 0

17) The card is heart given it is not black

Reduced sample space consists of all 26 red cards. (Denominator is 26)

There are 13 hearts in the reduced sample space. (Numerator 13)

Answer: 13/26 = 1/2

19) The card is a four given that it is black

Reduced sample space consists of all 26 black cards. (Denominator is 26)

There are two 4’s (4 spades, 4 clubs) in the reduced sample space. (Numerator 2)

Answer: 2/26 = 1/13


21) The card is not a seven given it is between 3 and 8 inclusive

The cards in the reduced sample space


3 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
4 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
5 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
6 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
7 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
8 heart, diamonds, spades clubs
Denominator 24

The numerator are all the cards in the reduced sample space, except the four 7’s.
Numerator 20

Answer: 20/24 = 5/6

23) The card is not red given it is a queen

The reduced sample space: queen – hearts, diamonds, spades and clubs (denominator 4)

The elements of the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
Queen clubs, spades (numerator 2)

Answer: 2/4 = 1/2

Homework: #25 – 28 Assume that a hat contains 4 bills: a $1 bill, a $5 bill, a $10 bill and a $20
bill. Two bills are to be selected at random with replacement. Construct a sample space, and
find the probability that: (Write your answer as a reduced fraction.)

25) Both bills are $1 bills if given the first selected is a $1 bill

The reduced sample space for question 25 is:


(1,1) (1,5) (1,10) (1,20) (denominator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement are:
(1,1) numerator 1

Answer: 1/4
27) The second bill is a five given the first bill is a $5.

The reduced sample space is


(5,1) (5,5) (5,10) (5,20) (denominator 4)

The elements in the reduced sample space that fit the requirement:
(5,5) (numerator 1)

Answer: ¼

Homework #29 – 32: At a zoo, a sampling of children was asked if the zoo were to get one
additional animal, would they prefer a lion or an elephant. The results of the survey follow:
(Write your answer as a reduced fraction.)

Lion Elephant Total


Boys 90 110 200
Girls 75 85 160
Total 165 195 360

If one child who was in the survey is selected at random, find the probability that

29) The child selected the lion, given the child is a girl.

E1 = selected lion N(E1)= 165


E2 = girl N(E2) = 160
E1 and E2 = girl that selected lion N(E1 and E2) = 75

n (E1 ∩ E2) 75
Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =15/32
n( E 2) 160

31) The child selected is a girl, given that the child preferred the lion.

E1 = girl N(E1)= 160


E2 = lion N(E2) = 165
E1 and E2 = girl that selected lion N(E1 and E2) = 75

n (E1 ∩ E2) 75
Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =5/11
n( E 2) 165
Homework #33-36: A quality control inspector, is checking a sample of light bulbs for defects.
The following table summarizes her findings. (Write your answer as a reduced fraction.)

Wattage Good Defective Total


20 80 15 95
50 100 5 105
100 120 10 130
Total 300 30 330

If one of these light bulbs is selected at random, find the probability that the light bulb is

33) Good given it is 100 watts

E1 = good N(E1) = 300


E2 = 100 watts N(E2) = 130
E1 and E2 = 100 watts and good N(E1 and E2) = 120

n (E1 ∩ E2) 120


Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =12/13
n( E 2) 130
35) 100 watts given it is good

E1 = 100 watts N(E1) = 130


E2 = good N(E2) = 300
E1 and E2 = 100 watts and good N(E1 and E2) = 120

n (E1 ∩ E2) 120


Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =2/5
n( E 2) 300
Homework #37 – 40: A survey of students to determine if they had a pierced ear was given.
The results are summarized in the table below. (Write your answer as a reduced fraction.)

If one person is selected at random find the probability that

37) Female given they are pierced


E1 = female N(E1)= 320
E2 = pierced N(E2) = 324
E1 and E2 = female and pierced N(E1 and E2) = 288

n (E1 ∩ E2) 288


Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =8/9
n( E 2) 324

39) Not pierced given they are female

E1 = not pierced N(E1)= 176


E2 = female N(E2) = 320
E1 and E2 = female and not pierced N(E1 and E2) = 32

n (E1 ∩ E2) 32
Answer: P ( E2|E1 ) = = =1/10
n( E 2) 320

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