LISTENING 1 12. (A) She needed to change the letter before mailing it.

Section 1 Listening Comprehension (B) She didn't know how much postage was needed.
(C)She didn't have the right coins to buy stamps.
Part A (D) The stamp machine has been moved .

1. (A) Her notebook is missing. 13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read. (B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either. (C) There is enough coffee for several more cups.
(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else. (D)He won't drink any more coffee today.

2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center. 14. (A)There are too many shopping centers already.
(B)Refer to the bus schedule. (B) They aren't really going to build a shopping center.
(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge . ¡¡ (C) He knew about the planned construction .
(D) Borrow a schedule from another student . (D) He hasn't been to the other shopping center .

3. (A) She looks good in blue. 15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
(B) She never wears sweaters. (B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
(C)She might prefer another color. (C)She doesn't intend to go to the play.
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts. (D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.

4. (A)Someone painted it for her. 16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(B) She finally had time to paint it. (B) Kate has changed her plans.
(C) She decided to paint it later. (C)The man had misunderstood her.
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. (D) The man should go to New York next week.

5. (A) Today's seminar was informative. 17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation ceremony.
(B)Another seminar will take place the following week. (B) He's attended only one graduation ceremony.
(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic . (C)The woman doesn't have to attend the graduation
(D) There will be two seminars next week. ceremony.
(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.
6. (A) He's usually happy.
(B) He listens to music when he's in a good mood. 18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the faucet.
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo. (B) Allen called the housing office for her.
(D)He's pleased with his purchase. (C) She replaced the faucet.
(D) Allen repaired the faucet.
7. (A)He can send the woman additional information.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill. 19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class treasurer.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high. (B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.
(D) He'll credit the woman's account. (C) He doesn't think the woman should run for office.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today.
8. (A)Answer her calls.
(B) Take her home. 20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis .
(C) Write out a list of his calls. (B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.
(D) Telephone her later in the day. (C) He plays tennis better than she does .
(D)He's not very interested in his school work.
9. (A) Taking a test.
(B) Giving Spanish tests to students. 21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.
(C) Paying for private lessons. (B) He doesn't really like the painting .
(D)Studying. (C)He'll hold the painting for the woman .
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is .
10. (A) The window is broken.
(B) He's nervous about opening the window. 22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(C)It's not possible to open the window. (B) The room is too warm for a sweater.
(D) It's too cold to open the window. (C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
(D)The man's appearance shows that he was rushed.
11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked about .
(B)He didn't really want to work in the bookstore .
(C) He didn't know where the bookstore was.
(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.

1
23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well . 34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.
(B)He didn't see the new doctor. (B)Public transportation wouldn't be available.
(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary. (C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.
(D) He met the doctor at a conference. (D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.

24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf. Questions 35-38

(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf. 35. (A) Start a new program at State College.
(D)Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf. (B)Study at a different school.
(C) Find a summer job.
25. (A)The man can get some paper at the new store. (D) Improve her grades.
(B) She just opened a new box of paper.
(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place . 36. (A) Journalism.
(D) The man can buy today's paper at the newsstand. (B) Science.
(C) Management.
26. (A) She saw only part of it. (D)Art.
(B) She couldn't go to see it.
(C) She wasn't in charge of it. 37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's .
(D)She didn't understand it. (B) She can't get a good recommendation there .
(C) The registration office hasn't answered her letters yet .
27. (A) He doesn't like old movies. (D)She may not get accepted there .
(B)He didn't see a large number of movies .
(C) He saw more movies than the woman did. 38. (A)Use her professors as references.
(D) His children have seen many movies. (B) Study more to improve her grades .
(C) Think more positively about the State College program .
28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather. (D) Write to the head of the art department .
(B)An earlier closure affected the airport's schedule.
(C) The flight is following its regular schedule. Part C
(D) The plane will return to its point of departure.
Questions 39-41
29. (A)She hadn't begun to study biology.
(B) She hadn't liked the previous biology course. 39. (A) Summer vacation.
(C) She did very well in elementary biology. (B) The housing office.
(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses . (C) Resident advisers.
(D) Check-out procedures.
30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
(B) She needed a vacation. 40. (A) Register for summer school.
(C) She'll leave for Miami soon. (B) Repair holes in room walls.
(D) She was pleased to get his postcard. (C)Return their keys to the housing office.
(D) Call the housing office.
Part B
41. (A) Their summer addresses.
Questions 31-34 (B)Any damage to their rooms.
(C) When they plan to leave.
31. (A) It's too noisy. (D) Questions for the housing office.
(B) It's not convenient to the university.
(C)The heating system is defective. Questions 42-45
(D) The owner is unpleasant.
42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.
32. (A)Tell the owner two months in advance that she's (B) Techniques used for refrigeration.
moving. (C)Materials used to make industrial containers .
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem. (D) The cost of transporting natural gas
(C) Move to another apartment in the same building.
(D) Leave by the end of the month. 43. (A)It becomes brittle.
(B) It expands.
33. (A) It must be on a higher floor. (C) It oxidizes.
(B)It must have quiet surroundings. (D) It bends.
(C) It must be within driving distance of the university.
(D) It must be in a new building.

2
44. (A) It has a low melting point. 21. C. He is late for an appointment with the man and
(B)It's expensive. woman.
(C) It often contains impurities. 22. B. She can get the materials they gave out at the
(D) Its properties are unpredictable. meeting.
23. A. He probably will not able to follow the professor’s
45. (A) Oxygen. advice.
(B) Aluminum. 24. B. He doubts that the theater group will perform a
(C) Nickel. musical next year.
(D) Boron. 25. C. He wants an appartment near his work.
26. D. The elections would be held later.
Questions 46-50 27. A. He did not recommend the lecture.
28. D. She intends to go see the movie.
46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild. 29. C. Ways should he found to use less water.
(B) Experiments at the London Zoo. 30. C. The new manual has not been completed yet.
(C)An investigation of accidental animal deaths.
31. C. The class reading list.
(D) An increase in insects at the zoo.
32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
33. A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
47. (A) Owl cages.
34. C. Phases of language development in young children.
(B) Insecticide spray.
35. C. They are among the first sounds babies make.
(C)Sawdust.
(D) Mousetraps. 36. A. Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet.
37. D. When children lear to associate sounds with
48. (A) Rats. meaning.
(B) Owls. 38. B. How children are able to learn language.
(C) Mice. 39. B. Communication over long distances in North
(D) Insects. America.
40. C. The fees of several couriers were included in the
49. (A) They choked on sawdust. charge.
(B)They were fed contaminated mice. 41. D. A funeral.
(C) They were bitten by deadly insects. 42. C. Attracting birds.
(D) They escaped from the zoo. 43. B. They like to eat them.
44. D. They are baked in the oven.
50. (A)To illustrate a principle about environmental poisons. 45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
46. C. She collects birds nests.
(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals. 47. A. How to prevent landslides in populated areas.
(C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in captivity. 48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
(D) To prove a point about the building industry. 49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
LISTENING 2 50. D. A wall that stops water from draining.
1. A. The man should go to the museum by shuttle bus. LISTENING 3
2. D. The man should have studied for the exam. 1. B. She never heard of the comedy club
3. A. A new building. 2. D. Check with the store later
4. B. Use computer in the lab.
3. B. She doesn’t play volley ball anymore
5. A. She got her watch where his sister works.
4. A. The man can’t afford to fail such an important
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled
assignment
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the library.
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the computer. 5. D. Finish her paper later that afternoon
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly. 6. B. He was unable to buy a gift
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later. 7. A. He’d be happy to help the woman move her desk
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon. 8. –
12. C. Look at other apartments before deciding. 9. A. He wants chocolate ice cream instead
13. D. He is not on the basketball team. 10. C. She liked the movie
14. B. Buy the green shirt. 11. –
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new job. 12. –
16. D. See a play with her aunt. 13. A. She really like the concert she attended
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial aid. 14. –
18. B. The woman does not have to pay extra for it. 15. B. He needs a table for six
19. A. A small town can have negative qualities. 16. A. He usually prefers to shop in the morning
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the program again. 17. A. Prepare the medicine for the man

3
 18. C. At dry cleanser’s d. Journalists that
19. B. There isn’t enough food for them both
20. A. Her arm is healing quickly 3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength,
21. C. Both women have had there hair cut there appreance,…
22. B. She agrees with the man a. Is hard
23. A. The man should tke which ever class he needs more b. Although hard
24. B. Hang up the handphone c. Has hardness
25. – d. And hardness*
26. C. He always bears the buzzer
27. – 4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and
28. A. She will arrive in the dallas earlier than expetied builds to a remarkable conclusion.
29. – a. The written beautifully novel
30. A. Ed’s atitides would be easy to change b. The beautifully written novel*
31. B. He has to do a lot of reading for his job c. The novel beautifully written
32. A. She has taken a speed reading class d. The written novel beautifully
33. B. Concern about the time commitment
34. D. At the dean’s office 5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an eagle and courage
35. – of a lion.
36. B. She has more experience making prints than the a. Who appears*
man does b. He appears
37. A. By systematically reviewing each step in process c. Who appear
38. B. He adjusted the pressure on the printing press d. He appear
incorrectly
39. C. Finding butterfly habitats 6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, john still had
40. C. Many different butterfly species live there problems with his teacher.
41. B. Looking for mate a. Despite of
42. C. To observe the migration of the monarch butterflies. b. In spite of
43. A. A lecture c. Even though*
44. B. To make it easier for people with disabilities to d. Nonetheless
attend shows
45. B. A student discount program, 7. This new service will be available to all users …. Up for
46. A. Ticket stubs paid membership.
47. B. A potential application of laser technology a. That signed*
48. B. It would be more durable than conventional engines. b. That signed it
49. B. Air c. Which signed
50. A. A laser-powered train engine will be marketed soon. d. Sign

8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her ….

STRUCTURE 1 a. Totally behavior irresponsible
Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete sentences you will see, b. Behavior totally irresponsible
four words or phrases, market (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the c. Irresponsible totally behavior
one word or phrase that best complete the sentences d. Totally irresponsible behavior*
1. A dominant animal is best defined as one …. Actions are
9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of
not constrained by possible responses of its fellows.
thunderstorms long before people ….
a) With
a. Hear
b) That is
b. Hearing them
c) Whose
c. Do*
d) Where its *
d. Do them
2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation to protect
10. Of all economically important phants,palms have been …
confidential sources of information.
a. The least studied*
a. Which journalists
b. Study less and less
b. Journalists, they
c. Study the least
c. Journalists*

4
 d. To study the less d) Whose colonial masterpiece
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista of sandy
11. With the passing of the time and the emoarchement of beaches contrasted… rockbound shoreline.
people, the habitat of garillas … to decrease a) To the rugged*
a. Containing b) By the rugged
b. Continius c) On the rugged
c. Which continue d) At the rugged
d. Continue* 20. At the seventh international ballet competions, Fernando
Bujones won the first, gold modal ever … to a Unites States
12. …. Social meeting birds that build their nests in tress and make dancer
on clifis. a) That award
a. Most stocks are* b) Should be awarding
b. Stocks most c) To be awarded*
c. The most stocks d) To award
d. Most are stocks 21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion Nebuls ….
Can be seen by the narked eye.
13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for this work on a) It
the phoneletric effect. b) Which*
a. That enstein c) One
b. It was enstein d) Who
c. Enstein who 22. Over time the young students will perfect the art of piano
d. Enstein* playing. After all, such …. Needs delicate handling .
a) A tuned instrument finely
14..Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award as b) A finely instrument tuned
both a Screenwriher…an actress in 1996. c) An instrument tuned finely
a) Also d) A finely tuned instrument*
b) Or 23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights in the
c) In addition business world, … encountered many great difficults in
d) And* promoting their theories and methods.
a) They*
15. Because of its warm tropical climate, howards…. Subzero
b) Who
temperature.
c) Which
a) Almost experience never
d) He
b) Expreriance never almost
c) Experiences almost never
STRUCTURE 2
d) Almost never expreriance*
1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in chewing, …..…,
16. from the inception of his long and distingshed carrer, frank
and speaking.
lieyd wright was concerned with how … architecture with a. to b. swallowing
topography. c. for d. of
a) Integrating
b) To integrate* 2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the Federal
c) Did the integrate Reserve System is to….. into twelve districts.
d) Integrated a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides
17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed despire their
intricate pessegewrys, byzantine mazes, and … 3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.
a) Walls which were false a. beautifully b. beau
b) They had false walls c. beauty d. beautiful
c) False walls*
d) Walls of falsity 4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and…….
For their food by probing the ground with their long bills.
18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in todays antique
a. searching b. searches
furniture market. c. searched d. search
a) A colonial masterpiece*
b) A colonial masterpiece which 5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly grew to be the
c) It is a colonial masterpiece that largest city in colonial America.

5
a. he b. it
c. it d. we 17. due to the refraction of light rays,….Is impossible for the
naked eye to determine the exact location of a star close to the
6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in……Canadian horizon.
province except Prince Edward Island. a. it b. this
a. other b. one another c. that d. there
c. any other d. others
18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic
7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman College, devices…………..and assonance.
served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt and Harry Truman. a. as such alliteration
a. advise b. advised b. such as alliteration
c. an advisor d. advising c. such alliteration as
d. alliteration such as
8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can affect a
person even if he or she merely brushes against them. 19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and color.
a. irritating b. irritated a. with b. of
c. irritability d. irritation c. at d. in

9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of 20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the fight for civil
thunderstorms long before people…. rights.
a. hearing them b. do a. his life to work the abolishment
c. do them c. hear b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. his life to work to abolish
10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the alternation of d. his life to working in abolish
periods of light and darkness.
a. responsible in b. responsible for 21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is
c. responsible with d. responsible to named……
a. a famous after nurses
11. Doctors are not sure……fever b. after a famous nurse
a. exactly how disease causes c. nurses after a famous
b. diseases exactly causes how d. after famous nurses
c. how disease causes exactly
d. how exactly causes disease 22. Xanthines have both
Good and bad effects on the body, and these effects…..the size
12. ……….Burmese breed of cat was developed in the US and regularity of dosage.
during the 1930’s. a. are generally determined by
a. The b. When the b. are generally determined on
c. While the d. Since the c. are generally determined in
d. are generally determined with
13. Along the rocky shores of New England………and tidal
marsh. 23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give up reporting in
a. are where stretches of sandy beach 1926, M.Mitchell began writing her novel Gone with the wind.
b. stretches of sandy are there a. herself b. her
c. are stretches of sandy beach c. hers d. she
d. stretches of sandy beach are 24. one of the most difficult questions in difining sleep is
“what……the functions of sleep?”
14. lina was nominated for an award as both a a. is b. has
screenwriter……..an actress in 2009. c. have d. are
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but 25. the museum houses…..of various objects documenting the
vibrancy of the cultures.
15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of the a. five thousands pieces
surrounding region and can even cause lakes to disappear. b. pieces five thousands
a. feature b. the featured c. five thousand pieces
c. featuring d. the feature d. thousands five pieces

16. most tree frogs change color to harmonize………… 26. …….in the same direction as their orbital motions, while
a. to their background Venus and Uranus rotate oppositely.
b. with their background a. seven of planets rotate
c. on their background b. seven planets rotate
d. in background of them c. seven rotate of planets

6
d. seven rotate planets 37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may lead
to….hearing loss
27. in the US….. to the national legislature comprising the a. temporary or permanently
house of Representatives and the Senate. b. temporarily or permanent
a. voters elect representatives c. temporarily or permanently
b. representatives elect voters d. temporary or permanent
c. elect representatives voters
d. voters election representative 38. with modern machinery, textile mills can manufacture as
much fabric in a few seconds as…..weeks o produce by hands
28. it is the interaction between people, rather than the events a. workers once took it
that occur in their lives,……the main focus of social b. took workers it once
psychology. c. it took once workers
a. which are b. that are d. it once took workers
c. which is d. that is
39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The Naked and
29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties cultivated The Dead, published in 1948.
flowers. a. Successfully achieved
a. are b. have b. achieved success
c. there are d. have there c. successful achievement
d. achievement of success
30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature are based
on deductive reasoning. 40. Through the years, the job of governing cities has become
a. methods use by …..complex.
b. they used methods a. so much increasingly
c. the methodology used b. increasingly whole
d. using the methods of c. increasingly
d. what is increasingly
31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an age…..with
simplicity and directness. STRUCTURE 3
a. what it expresses
b. that expresses itself 1.Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty member
c. which expressing __________ to apply for the dean’s position.
d. it is expressed A. intend
B. intends
32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface ocean currents is C. are intending
much more complete…….subsurface currents. D. has intend
a. than b. than in 2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most dangerous
c. than those of d. than that of bacteria that can be acquired from food and water, even in
developed countries.
33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not produce A. one of the
chlorophyll. B. one of
a. most of b. the most of C. one
c. the most d. most D. of one
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if immediate
34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied according to the action had not beentaken.
kinds of… A. probably being
a. are foods baked B. probably be
b. foods to be baked C. probably been
c. are baked foods D. be probable
d. foods are baking
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a problem for
35. the three most common states of matter are…. firefighters.
a. solidity, liquid, and gas A. ninety-story-tall
b. solid, liquefy, and gas B. ninety-tall-story
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas C. ninety-stories-tall
d. solid, liquid, and gas D. ninety stories
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, __________ was used
36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow as a conference room.
a. large b. of a large A. larger of which
c. of large d. a large B. the largest of which

7
C. the largest of them C. first except for
D. largest D. second place from
6. In the past six months, the company has already received 15. The more the horse tried to free itself from the restraint,
twice __________ ingross revenues as it earned in the entire __________.
preceding year. A. the tighter it became
A. as much B. it became tighter
B. more C. the horse could not escape
C. as many D. it was unable to move
D. as more 16. __________, that runner is likely to be the first one chosen.
7. __________ better, the team would have been able to defeat A. Due to her agility and speed
the opponent. B. Because of she is agile and fast
A. If it prepares C. Because agile and rapid
B. If prepares D. Because her agility and speed
C. Preparing 17. It was not until the students were seated __________ the
D. Had it prepared proctor realized he had the wrong test booklets.
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until next week. A. that
A. the meeting B. when
B. was the meeting C. as soon as
C. did the meeting D. and
D. the meeting was 18. As a result of the additional rain with so much flooding
9. The curriculum at the public school is as good __________ of already having occurred,residents were seeking shelter
any privateschool. __________ than in previous years.
A. or better than A. in more numbers
B. as or better that B. more numerously
C. as or better than that C. greater in numbers
D. as or better than those D. in greater numbers
10. Being a private university, __________ a well-organized 19. The company president wrote an e-mail and planned to send
charitable givingprogram in order to offer a sufficient number of __________ as soon as the vote wascomplete.
quality courses and activities. A. to all directors the message
A. development of B. the message by all directors
B. it developed C. message to all directors
C. develop D. the message to all directors
D. developing 20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of the
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from on-line medication, __________ to curtail her work and public speaking
purchases, but __________. activities.
A. traditional companies as well A. has
B. traditional companies too B. had
C. also traditional companies C. she has had
D. so do traditional companies D. she will had
12. The company had difficulty distributing __________ so that 21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.
they could meetproduction quotas. A. Upon entering the store
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner to its B. When he entered the store
manufacturers C. After he had entered the store
B. a sufficient number of parts to its manufacturers in a D. Only after entering the store
timely manner
C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a sufficient number
of parts 22. Hardly __________ the office when he realized that he had
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a sufficient number forgotten his wallet.
of parts A. he had entered
B. had entered
13. The company sustained an angry reaction from its C. entered
employees after announcing how __________ to reduce D. had he entered
operating costs. 23. Once the employees had begun receiving financial
A. it planned information on the company, __________ income.
B. planned A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and increasing
C. did it plan B. it made the employees more eager to assist in reduce costs
D. was planned and increase
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
__________ those of the finest private school in the county. D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and increase
A. second after 24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with regular pliers
B. second only to but then decided he needed to retrieve his toolbox in order to

8
use __________. (a)railroad pioneers
A. another pliers (b) railroads
B. others pliers (c)the interstate highway system
C. the others ones (d) American society
D. another pair 3 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
25. The committee has met and __________. (a) The United States regarded Great Britain as a competitor
A. have approve the budget in developing the most efficient railroad system
B. budget was approved (b) Steam locomotive power was first used in 1832
C. its approval of the budget (c) American businessmen saw railroads as a threat to
D. approved the budget established businesses
READING 1 (d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because of the
Questions 1-11 distances across the country
4. The author concludes that for the first decade or more, there
The work of the railroad pioneers in America became the basis
was not yet a true railroad system because
for a great surge of railroad building halfway through the
(a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or large
nineteenth century that linked the nation together as never
b) locomotives were not powerful enough
before. Railroads eventually became the nation’s number one
(c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent
transportation system, and remained so until the construction of
(d) lines were relatively short and not usually linked
the interstate highway system halfway through the twentieth
5. The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in meaning to:
century. They were of crucial importance in stimulating
(a) safety procedures
economic expansion, but their influence reached beyond the
b) employees
economy and was pervasive in American society at large. By
(c) timetables
1804, English as well as American inventors had experimented
(d) railroad tracks
with steam engines for moving land vehicles. In 1920, John
6 Which of the following is NOT true about the 1830’s and
Stevens ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular track on
1840’s (line 24)
his New Jersey estate, which the public saw as an amusing toy.
(a) passenger cars became larger
And in 1825, after opening a short length of track, the Stockton
(b) schedules were reliable
to Darlington Railroad in England became the first line to carry
(c) locomotives became more powerful
general traffic. American businesspeople, especially those in the
(d) tracks were heavier
Atlantic coastal region who looked for better communication
7. The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in meaning to
with the West, quickly became interested in the English
(a) fixed
experiment. The first company in America to begin actual
(b) supportive
operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, which opened a
(c) reliable
thirteen- mile length of track in 1830. It used a team of horses to
(d) sound
pull a train of passenger carriages and freight wagons along the
8. By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track been laid?
track. Steam locomotive power didn’t come into regular service
(a) 1830
until two years later. However, for the first decade or more,
(b) 1836
there was not yet a true railroad system. Even the longest of the
(c) 1840
lines was relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of them served
(d) mid-1860s
simply to connect water routes to each other, not to link one
9. The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in meaning to
railroad to another. Even when two lines did connect, the tracks
(a) exceeded
often differed in width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto
(b) beaten
tracks of the next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks
(c) overtaken
were frequent. Significantly, however, some important
(d) equaled
developments during the 1830’s and 1840’s included the
10. Where in the passage does the author outline the main
introduction of heavier iron rails, more flexible and powerful
conclusions about the importance of railroads in America?
locomotives, and passenger cars were redesigned to become
(a) Lines 3-7
more stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830 only
(b) Lines 14-18
23 miles of track had been laid in the country. But by 1936,
(c) Lines 19-21
more than 1,000 miles of track had been laid in eleven States,
(d) Lines 29-31
and within the decade, almost 3,000 miles had been constructed.
11. Why does the author include details about Great Britain in
By that early age, the United States had already surpassed Great
the passage?
Britain in railroad construction, and particularly from the mid-
(a) To compare developments in both the United States and
1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to the railroads.
Great Britain
1. The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the two countries
a) helping
(c) To show where Americans got their ideas and technology
b) changing
from
c) promoting
(d)To provide a more complete historical context
d) influencing
Question 12-19
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman
2. The word “their” in line 6 refers to
to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von

9
Suttner in 1905. In fact, her work inspired the creation of the (a) it gave educated women an opportunity to use their
Prize. The first American woman to win this prize was Jane education and develop careers in social work
Addams, in 1931. However, Addams is best known as the (b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s
founder of Hull House. Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a (c) she visited Toynbee Hall
wealthy family. She was one of a small number of women in her (d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’in Chicago
generation to graduate from college. Her commitment to 16 The word “their” in line 15 refers to
improving the lives of those around her led her to work for (a) children of working mothers
social reform and world peace. In the 1880s Jane Addams (b) middle-class women
travelled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a (c) visiting nurses
‘settlement house’ called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee (b) labor union members
Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull 17 The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest in meaning
House in a neighborhood of slums in Chiacago in 1899. Hull to
House provided a day care center for children of working (a) people of the same time
mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and (b) famous people still alive
her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, and other subjects.
(c) elected officials
Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor (d) people old enough to vote
unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull 18 According to the passage, Jane Addams’reputation was
House were well educated, middle- class women. Hull House damaged when she
gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided (a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for
a training ground for careers in social work. Before World War clubs and labor unions
I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America. (b) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage
In a newspaper poll that asked, “Who among our (c) became a founding member of the NAACP
contemporaries are of the most value to the community?”, Jane (d) opposed America’s involvement in World War I
Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison. When she 19 Where in the passage does the author mention the services
opposed America’s involvement in World War I, however, provided by Hull House?
newspaper editors called her a traitor and a fool, but she never (a) lines 5-10
changed her mind. Jane Addams was a strong champion of (b) lines 10-15
several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not (c) lines 15-20
vote. Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and (d) lines 20-25
was a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Questions 20-29
Association. She was a founding member of the National The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), want to make their people look like real, individual people in a
and was president of the Women’s International League for real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the
Peace and Freedom. . Her reputation was gradually restored eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t
during the last years of her life. She died of cancer in 1935. need to know about perspective. In the European Renaissance
period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual
12. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat
concerned? medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi
American woman who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first
(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world peace the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective.
(c) The early development of Social Work in America Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective
(d) Contributions of educated women to American society and still later multi-point perspective. With two-point
13. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of
was an inspiration to Jane Addams perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening of Hull technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of
House grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example,
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor literacy only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level.
skills Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of the level. For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective
world rather than of one particular country drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of
priorities that artists in displaying individual styles. Crivelli
wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-
14. The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in meaning to point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and
(a) involvement volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the
(b) obligation Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And
(c) dedication Japanese artists until this century were always very strong
(d) enthusiasm designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures
15 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because: which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our
eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are

10
paintings and not illusions. It is technically easy to give an (c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in
illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is inventing the technique of perspective
just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more (d) saw two dimensional design more important than a
important. feeling of depth
20. The passage mainly discusses There are two main hypotheses when it comes to explaining the
(a) the difference between medieval and Renaissance art emergence of modern humans. The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds
(b) how the technique of perspective influenced the modern that homo sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species around
art 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently
(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective replaced archaic humans such as the Neandertals. The other
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists model, known as multi-regional evolution or regional
21. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in meaning to continuity, posits far more ancient and diverse roots for our
(a) timeless kind. Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens arose in
(b) infinite Africa some 2 million years ago and evolved as a single species
(c) frequent spread across the Old World, with populations in different
(d) constant regions linked through genetic and cultural exchange.
22. According to the passage, which is the main concern for Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was originally
medieval artists? developed based on fossil evidence, and supported by much
(a) the individual person and his/her possessions and genetic research, has been favored by the majority of evolution
surroundings scholars. The vast majority of these genetic studies have
(b) real people, real scenes focused on DNA from living populations, and although some
(c) eternal timeless truth of the earth small progress has been made in recovering DNA from
(d) themes of religious stories Neandertal that appears to support multi-regionalism, the
23. The discovery of perspective was the result of chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early human fossils is
(a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval artists quite slim at present. Fossils thus remain very much a part of the
could show level of reality human origins debate. Another means of gathering theoretical
(b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw more than evidence is through bones. Examinations of early modern
one side of it human
(c) the subject being shifted from religious stories to skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to between
individual person and surroundings. 20,000 and 30,000 years old have suggested that both groups
(d) natural evolution of human senses apparently exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern and
24. The word “it” in line 12 refers to African predecessors. But the early modern specimens from
(a) the picture Central Europe also display Neandertal traits, and the early
(b) perspective modern Australians showed affinities to archaic Homo from
(c) angle Indonesia. Meanwhile, the debate among paleoanthropologists
(d) the object continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses challenge the
25. The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in meaning to evidence and conclusions of each other.
(a) construction 30. The passage primarily discusses which of the following
(b) grammatical rules (a) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa” theory
(c) rules and regulations (b) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the human
(d) tones and volume origins debate
26. The author’s purpose to give the example in line14-15 is to (c) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among
(a) explain how perspective work in painting theorists on the human origins debate
(b) support two-pointed perspective (d) That fossils remain very much a part of the human
(c) illustrate that there are exceptions about perspective origins debate
(d) point out that the technique of perspective though seems 31. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
so natural is an invented technique (a) complexity
27. The following artists’ priorities in style shift away from (b) development
perspective except (c) appearance
(a) Crivelli (d) decline
(b) Cezanne 32. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in meaning to
(c) Japanese artists (a) experts
(d) Brunelleschi (b) advocates
28. The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in meaning to (c) inspectors
(a) deception (d) historians
(b) photograph 33. All of the following are true except
(c) decoration (a) three methods of gathering evidence are mentioned in the
(d) illustration passage
29. It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists (b) the multi-regional model goes back further in history.
(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth (c) the Out of Africa model has had more support from
(b) needed to develop a new approach towards painting to scholars
show a new level of reality

11
 (d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future to expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could
provide clear evidence. eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his
34. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning to children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”. The
(a) small Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker
(b) narrow movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to
(c) thin monitor and study worker performance, and also involved
(d) difficult identification of“therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic
35. Which of the following is not true motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and
(a) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused on accompanying times have been used to determine how long it
living populations should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way
(b) early modern human skulls all support the same an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time
conclusions it should take to produce a product or provide a service.
(c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for the new However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to
species. useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered:
(d) early modern Australian skulls have similarities to those physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.
from Indonesia. 40. What is the passage primarily about?
36. In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which of the following (a) The limitations of pioneering studies in understanding
(a) Middle Easterners and Africans human behavior
(b) skulls (b) How time and motion studies were first developed
(c) central Europeans and Australians (c) The first applications of a scientific approach to
(d) traits understanding human behavior
37. Which of the following is NOT true about the two (d) The beginnings of modern management theory
hypotheses 41. The word “ which” in line 9 refers to
(a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the (a) scientific management
predecessors of modern humans (b) philosophy
(b) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses (c) productivity
(c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating location. (d) time and motion study
(d) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo sapiens 42. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
much earlier than the other. (a) workers welcomed the application of scientific
38. It can be inferred from the passage that management
(a) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the near future (b) Talor’s philosophy is different from the industrial norms
(b) the debate will interest historians to take part in (c) by the early 1900s science had reached a stage where it
(c) the debate is likely to be less important in future could be applied to the workplace
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate will die down (d) workers were no longer exploited after the introduction
39. According to the passage, the multi-regional evolution of scientific management.
model posits far more diverse roots for our kind becausE 43. The word “prevailing” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern human skulls (a) predominant
has come from a number of different parts of the world (b) broadly accepted
(b) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi-regionalis (c) prevalent
(c) Populations in different regions were linked through genetic (d) common
and cultural exchang 44. According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth discovered how
(d) This has been supported by fossil evidence workers could eliminate waste motion by
Questions 40-50 (a) using special tools such as cameras and clocks
Although management principles have been implemented since (b) using stop watches
ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of (c) applying scientific management principles
modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning (d) watching his children do their chores
with thepioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). 45. The basic motions used in production jobs were given which
Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is one of following names by Frank Gilbreth?
most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion (a) dimensions
study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically (b) gilreths
specializing the work of operating employees and managers. (c) therbligs
Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, (d) monitors
Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods 46. According to the passage, the time it takes a skilled worker
“scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which to perform the motion of a given job can be measured by using:
was concerned with productivity, but which was often (a) stop watches
misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of (b) all 5 work dimensions
management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial (c) special tools
norms of worker exploitation. The time and motion study (d) therbligs
concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The 47. The word “motions” in line 20 is closest in meaning to
Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s (a) stop watches
dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency (b) habits

12
 (c) actions equipmentterrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, andeven
(d) special tools theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completedand is operating.
48. Where in the passage does the author comment that the 1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
principles of scientific management were often misunderstood? A. operating costs
(a) Lines 1-5 B. employees
(b) Lines 6-10 C. consumers
(c) Lines 11-15 D. construction
(d) Lines 16-20 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
49. The word “dimensions” in line 24 is A. pipeline
closest in meaning to B. ocean
(a) sizes C. state
(b) extents D. village
(c) aspects 3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can
(d) standards travel through the pipeline each
50. All of the following are true except A. day
(a) scientific management was concerned with productivity. B. week
(b) the beginnings of modern management thought C. month
commenced in the 19th century. D. year
(c) Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced by two of his 4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in
children writing a book. meaning to
(d) analyzing work to increase productivity is not likely to A. consisting of
be useful unless all of the dimensions are considered. B. supported by
C. passing under
READING 2 D. protected with
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic 5. The author mentions all of the following as important
Ocean. It stretches southward across the largestand in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the
northernmost state in the United States, ending ata remote ice- A. climate
free seaport village nearly 800 miles fromwhere it begins. It is B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation
massive in size and extremelycomplicated to operate The steel
D. kind of soil and rock
pipe crosses windswept plains and endlessmiles of delicate 6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in meaning
tundra that tops the frozen ground. Itweaves through crooked to
canyons, climbs sheermountains, plunges over rocky crags, A. removed
makes its waythrough thick forests, and passes over or under B. selected
hundredsof rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, C. transported
andup to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crudeoil can D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing
be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks
the pipeline?
called "bents," longsections of the pipeline follow a zigzag A. three
course highabove the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out B. four
ofsight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to thedown C. eight
route is determined by the often harsh demandssurface later on. D. twelve
The pattern of the pipeline's up-andof the arctic and subarctic 8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in meaning
climate, the tortuous lay ofpermafrost (permanently frozen to
A. peculiar
ground). A little morethe land, and the varied compositions of
B. specific
soil, rock, orthan half of the pipeline is elevated above the C. exceptional
ground. depending largely upon the type of terrain and theThe D. equal
remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet,properties of the 9. Which of the following determined what percentage of
soilapproximately $8 billion and is by far the biggestOne of the the construction costs each member of the consortium
largest in the world, the pipeline costand most expensive would pay?
construction project everundertaken by private industry. In fact, A. How much oil field land each company
owned
no singlebusiness could raise that much money, so eight major
B. How long each company had owned land in
oilthe costs. Each company controlled oil rights tocompanies the oil fields
formed a consortium in order to shareparticular shares of land in C. How many people worked for each company
the oil fields and paidinto the pipeline-construction fund D. How many oil wells were located on the
according to thesize of its holdings. Today, despite company's land
enormousbreakdowns, labor disagreements, 10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term
treacherousproblems of climate, supply shortages, for an earth covering that always remains frozen?
A. Line 4

13
 B. Line 15 (C) revitalization (D) unionization
C. Line 23 3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the
D. Line 37 following?
(A) The smell of the factories
When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and
(B) The growth of mill towns
describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most
(C) The development of waterways
important single fact about it-at this moment in time. It appears
(D) The loss of jobs
probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage
only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history. Stars, like
as a factor in nineteenth-century suburbanization?
individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, we see
(A) Cheaper housing
around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-
(B) Urban crowding
red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000
(C) The advent of an urban middle class
degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000
(D) The invention of the electric streetcar
degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great
5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most
part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range.
people traveled around cities by
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) automobile (B) cart
(A) Faint dwarf stars
(C) horse-draw trolley (D) electric streetcar
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as
(C) The Sun's fuel problem
they were prior to suburbanization.
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation
(A) Lines 3-5 (B) Lines 5-9
2. What does the author say is especially important about the
(C) Lines 12- 13 (D) Lines 15-18
Sun at the present time?
The first English attempts to colonize North
(A) It appears yellow
America were controlled by individuals rather
(B) It always remains the same
than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the
(C) It has a short history
first Englishman to send colonists to the New
(D) It is too cold
World. His initial expedition, which sailed in
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?
1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth
(A) They are short- lived. (B) They are mysterious.
was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt
(C) They are frightening. (D) They are nearly
ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and hi
invisible.
ship were lost in a storm. In the following year,
4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is
Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having
likely to become what color?
obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an
(A) Yellow (B) Violet
expedition that explored the coast of the region
(C) Red (D) White
that he named "Virginia
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title
5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it" refer?
for the passage?
(A) yellow "hump" (B) day
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(C) Sun (D) hydrogen fuel
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
that grows more rapidly than its already
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century
developed interior, the process of suburbanization
2. The passage states which of the following about the first
began during the emergence of the industrial city
English people to be involved in establishing colonies in
in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.
North America?
Before that period the city was a small highly
(A) They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.
compact cluster in which people moved about on
(B) They were members of large trading companies.
foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.
(C) They were immediately successful.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(D) They were acting on their own.
(A) The growth of Philadelphia
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements
(B) The Origin of the Suburb
about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?
(C) The Development of City Transportation
(A) He never settled in North America.
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
(B) His trading company was given a patent by the
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have
queen.
grown during periods of
(C) He fought the Spanish twice.
(A) industrialization (B) inflation

14
 (D) He died in 1587. (B) Botany is not recognized as a special branch of
4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for science.
North America? (C) Research is unable to keep up with the increasing
(A) 1577 (B) 1579 numbers of plants.
(C) 1582 (D) 1584 (D) Direct contact with a variety of plants has
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage decreased.
about members of the first Roanoke settlement? 4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in mentioning "a rose,
(A) They explored the entire coastal region. an apple, or an orchid"?
(B) Some did not survive. (A) To make the passage more poetic
(C) They named the area "Virginia". (B) To cite examples of plants that are attractive
(D) Most were not experienced sailors. (C) To give botanical examples that all readers will
6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on recognize
Roanoke Island was established in (D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical life
(A) 1578 (B) 1583 5. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward
(C) 1585 (D) 1587 the practice of agriculture?
7. According to the passage, which of; the following statements (A) The invention of agricultural implements and
about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true? machinery
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England. (B) The development of a system of names for plants
(B) It lasted for several years. (C) The discovery of grasses that could be harvested
(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown. and replanted
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.BADCC BABADA (D) The changing diets of early humans
CDADBCC 6. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to
the relationship between zoology (the study of animals) and
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar (A) deer hunting (B) bird watching
position in the history of human knowledge. For (C) sheep raising (D) horseback riding
many thousands of years it was the one field of 7. In which lines in the passage does the author describe the
awareness about which humans had anything beneficial properties that plants have for humans?
more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible (A) Lines 1-2 (B) Lines 7-9
to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors (C) Lines 11-12 (D) Lines 14-16
knew about plants, but from what we can observe ABDCCCB
of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century
learning of plants and their properties must be involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery
extremely ancient. and. the development of scientific agriculture. Labor - saying
1. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is machinery, naturally appeared, first where labor was 8carce. "In
expressed in the passage? Europe," said, Thomas Jefferson, the object is to make the most
(A) They probably had extensive knowledge of plants. of: their land, labor being abundant;. here it, is to make the most
(B) They thought there was no need to cultivate crops. of our labor, land being abundant. It was in America, therefore,
(C) They did not enjoy the study of botany. that the great advances in nineteenth - century agricultural
(D) They placed great importance on the ownership of machinery first came.
property. 1. What is the main topic of the passage?
2. What does the comment "This is logical" in line 6 mean? (A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed a
(A) There is no clear way to determine the extent of our growing population
ancestor’s knowledge of plants. (B) The development of safer machines demanded by the
(B) It is not surprising that early humans had a labor movement
detailed knowledge of plants. (C) Machinery that contributed to the agricultural
(C) It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved revolution
very much like people in preindustrial societies. (D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well organized and 2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is closest in meaning to
very detailed. which of the following?
3. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of (A) Gradually (B) Unsurprisingly
botany begun to fade? (C) Apparently (D) Safely
(A) People no longer value plants as a useful resource. 3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in
meaning to which of the following?

15
 (A) Get the best yield from (D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists to
(B) Raise the price of photograph.
(C) Exaggerate the worth of 4. Before the investigation of Kohoutek, where had methyl
(D) Earn a living on cyanide been known to exist?
4. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas (A) In comets
Jefferson said? (B) On asteroids
(A) Europe was changing more quickly than America. (C) Between Jupiter and Neptune
(B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than (D) Beyond the Earth's solar system
America did.
(C) America was finally running out of good farmland. 5. According to the passage, what is one major component of
(D) There was a shortage of workers on American Jupiter?
farms. (A) Hydrogen cyanide (B) Methyl cyanide
5. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line 4 refers to (C) Hydrogen (D) Ammonia
(A) Europe (B) America 6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?
(C) New Jersey (D) Indiana (A) Its shape (B) Its composition
(C) Its orbit (D) Its size
6. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could 7. Which of the following questions is best answered by
carry nearly all their tools On their backs? information gained from Kohoutek?
(A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural (A) Where were comets formed?
(B) When were comets formed?
revolution.
(C) When was the solar system formed?
(B) Americans were traditionally self - reliant. (D) How was the solar system formed?
(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult. ACADDBA
(D) New tools were designed to be portable. Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas in 1897. Thirty
7. Why did farmers reject Newbold's plow? one years later, she received a phone call that would
(A) Their horses were frightened by it. change her life. She was invited to become the first woman
(B) They preferred lighter tools. passenger to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a plane. The flight
took more than 20 hours – about three times longer than it
(C) It was too expensive.
routinely takes today to cross the Atlantic by plane. Earhart
(D) They thought it would ruin the land. was twelve years old before she ever saw an airplane, and
CBADBAD she didn’t take her first flight until 1920. But she was so
It was not "the comet of the century experts thrilled by her first experience in a plane that she quickly
predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek had began to take flying lessons. She wrote, “As soon as I left
provided a bonanza of scientific information. It the ground, I knew I myself had to fly.”
was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by After that flight Earhart became a media sensation.
She was given a ticker tape parade down Broadway in New
an astronomer who was searching the sky for
York and even President Coolidge called to congratulate
asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. her. Because her record-breaking career and physical
Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months appearance were similar to pioneering pilot and American
before it passed the Earth predicted the comet hero Charles Lindbergh, she earned the nickname “Lady
would be a brilliant spectacle. Lindy.” She wrote a book about her flight across the
1. What is the subject of the passage? Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek Earhart continued to break records, and also polished
her skills as a speaker and writer, always advocating
(B) What was disappointing about Kohoutek
women’s achievements, especially in aviation. Her next
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted goal was to achieve a transatlantic crossing alone. In 1927
(D) How Kohoutek was tracked Charles Lindbergh became the first person to make a solo
2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet of the century"? nonstop flight across the Atlantic. Five years later, Earhart
(A) It was thought to be extremely old. became the first woman to repeat that feat. Her popularity
(B) It passes the Earth once a century. grew even more and she was the undisputed queen of the
(C) Scientists predicted it would be very bright. air. She then wanted to fly around the world, and in June
1937 she left Miami with Fred Noonan as her navigator.
(D) Scientists have been tracking it for a century.
No one knows why she left behind important
3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment? communication and navigation instruments. Perhaps it was
(A) It could be seen only through special equipment. to make room for additional fuel for the long flight. The
(B) It did not approach the Earth. pair made it to New Guinea in 21 days and then left for
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific information. Howland Island, a tiny island in the middle of the Pacific
Ocean. The last communication from Earhart and Noonan
was on July 2, 1937 with a nearby Coast Guard ship. The

16
 United States Navy conducted a massive search for more From discoveries made in France and Slovenia even
than two weeks but no trace of the plane or its passengers Neanderthal man, as long as 53,000 years ago, had
was ever found. Many people believe they got lost and developed surprisingly sophisticated, sweet-sounding
simply ran out of fuel and died. flutes carved from animal bones. It is perhaps then, no
32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly accident that music should strike such a chord with the
concerned? limbic system – an ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily
(A) The history of aviation speaking, and one that we share with much of the animal
(B) The tragic death of the queen of air kingdom. Some researchers even propose that music came
(C) Achievements of early aviation pioneers into this world long before the human race ever did. For
(D) The achievements of a pioneering aviatrix example, the fact that whale and human music have so
much in common even though our evolutionary paths have
33. According to the passage, which of the following statements not intersected for nearly 60 million years suggests that
about Earhart is NOT true? music may predate humans. They assert that rather than
(A) She wrote a book about her solo nonstop flight being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to the
across the Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min. musical scene
(B) In her last adventure, she didn’t take Humpback whale composers employ many of the
communication and navigation instruments by same tricks that human songwriters do. In addition to using
accident, and that led to the tragedy. similar rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to a few
(C) She is regarded as the female Chare Lindbergh seconds, creating themes out of several phrases before
in aviation. singing the next one. Whale songs in general are no longer
(D) She was in her late twenties when she took her than symphony movements, perhaps because they have a
first flight similar attention span. Even though they can sing over a
34. According to the passage, when did Amelia Earhart began range of seven octaves, the whales typically sing in key,
her first flight spreading adjacent notes no farther apart than a scale. They
(A) when she was 12 years old mix percussive and pure tones in pretty much the same
(B) 1920 ratios as human composers – and follow their ABA form,
(C) when she first saw an airplane in which a theme is presented, elaborated on and then
(D) when she started to take flying lessons. revisited in a slightly modified form. Perhaps most
35. The word “sensation” in line 8 is closest in meaning to amazing, humpback whale songs include repeating refrains
(A) feeling (B) hit that rhyme. It has been suggested that whales might use
(C) excitement (D) perception rhymes for exactly the same reasons that we do: as devices
36. Amelia Earhart was called “Lady Lindy” because to help them remember. Whale songs can also be rather
(A) she was the undisputed queen of the air. catchy. When a few humpbacks from the Indian Ocean
(B) President Coolidge gave her the nickname. strayed into the Pacific, some of the whales they met there
(C) she repeated Charles Lindbergh’s feat. quickly changed their tunes – singing the new whales’
(D) of her career and her physical resemblance to songs within three short years. Some scientists are even
Lindbergh tempted to speculate that a universal music awaits
37. The word “undisputed” in line18 is closest in meaning to discovery.
(A) contemporary (B) undeceived 41. Why did the author write the passage?
(C) dissipated (D) undoubted (A) To describe the music for some animals,
38. The word “it” in line 20 refers to including humans
(A) plane (B) communication (B) To illustrate the importance of music to whales
(C) the reason (D) aviation. (C) To show that music is not a human or even
39. The word “massive” in line 25 is closest in meaning to modern invention
(A) substantial (B) general (D) To suggest that music is independent of life
(C) large (D) careful forms that use it
40. It may be inferred from the passage that Amelia Earhart 42. The word “sophisticated” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) would not have developed her love of flying if (A) complex (B) intricate
she had not been invited to become the first woman (C) well-developed (D) entangled
passenger to cross the Atlantic in a plane. 43. The word “one” in line 7 can be replaced by
(B) Would have continued to seek new adventures (A) the chord (B) the left brain (C) the right brain
and records to break if she had not died at the (D) the limbic system
age of 39. 44. According to the passage, which of the following is true of
(C) became too confident and took too many risks to humpback whales
be able to live to old age. (A) their tunes are distinctively different from
(D) did not want to return to the United States. human tunes
Question 41-50 (B) they can sing over a range of seven octaves
Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us (C) they do not use rhyme, unlike humans
into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is indeed remarkable in (D) whale songs of a particular group cannot be
its power over all humankind, and perhaps for that very learned by other whale
reason, no human culture on earth has ever lived without it.

17
45. The word “they” in line 18 refers to unfailingly identifies a Neanderthal to the trained
(A) human composers (B) whole songs eye. Neanderthal teeth are much more difficult to
(C) octaves (D) whales characterize: the front teeth are large, with strong
46. Which of the following is NOT true about humpback whale roots, but the back teeth may be relatively small.
music? This feature may have been an adaptation to cope
(A) It uses similar patterns to human songs with heavy tooth wear
(B) It’s comparative in length to symphony 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
movements (A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals
(C) It’s easy to learn by other whales (B) A comparison of various prehistoric populations
(D) It’s in a form of creating a theme, elaborating (C) The physical characteristics of the Neanderthals
and revisiting in rhyming refrains (D) The effect of climate on human development
47. The word “refrains” in line 22 is closest in meaning to 2. The author describes the Neanderthal as being all of the
(A) tunes (B) notes (C) musical phrases following EXCEPT
(D) sounds (A) short (B) swift (C) strong (D) stocky
48. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 3. Which of the following most likely accounts for the fact that
(A) The earliest human beings came from France the Neanderthal brain was larger than that of the modern
and Slovenia human?
(B) Music helped to shape the whale brain (A) The relatively large size of the Neanderthal's body
(C) Humpback whales imitate the way human (B) The superior intelligence of the Neanderthal.
composers so in creating their own music (C) The swelling behind the Neanderthal’s head
(D) The research of musical brain will lead to a (D) The Neanderthal's midfacial projection
discovery of a universal musiC 4. Where in the passage does the author specifically stress the
49. Where in the passage does the author first mention whales? contrast between the Neanderthal face and that of other
(A) Lines 5-9 (B) Lines 10-14 biologically related populations?
(C) Lines 15-19 (D) Lines 20-24 (A) Lines 1–4 (B) Lines 7–9 (C) Lines 10–11 (D) Lines
50. The word ‘their’ in line 25 refers to 18–20
(A) Indian Ocean humpbacks (B) Pacific Ocean 5. Which of the following explanations is NOT cited as a
humpbacks possible explanation of the Neanderthal’s streamlined face
(C) all whales (D) whale songs shape?
The classic Neanderthals, who lived (A) Some jaw muscles had limited use.
between about 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, (B) The facial features were well adapted to the cold.
shared a number of special characteristics. Like (C) The front teeth were particularly important.
any biological population, Neanderthals also (D) The nose was set far back
showed variation in the degree to which those 6. The phrase "the trained eye" in line 18 most likely refers to
characteristics were expressed. Generally, they which of the following professionals?
were powerfully built, short and stocky, with the (A) An optometrist (B) A dentist
lower parts of their arms and legs short in relation (C) An anthropologist (D) A photographer
to the upper parts, as in modern peoples who live 7. In line 20, the author uses the expression "heavy tooth wear"
in cold environments. Neanderthal skulls were to imply that the Neanderthals
distinctive, housing brains even larger on average (A) had unusually heavy teeth
than those of modem humans, a feature that may (B) used their teeth extensively
have had more to do with their large, heavy (C) regularly pulled out their teeth
bodies than with superior intelligence. Seen from (D) used teeth for ornamentation
behind, Neanderthal skulls look almost spherical, 8. The paragraph following this passage most probably
but from the side they are long and flattened often discusses
with a bulging back. (A) other features of the Neanderthal anatomy (B) cave
The Neanderthal face, dominated by a painting of prehistoric time
projecting and full nose, differed clearly from the (C) flora and fauna of 70,000 years ago (D) difficulties in
faces of other hominids; the middle parts appear preserving fossils
to be pulled forward (or the sides pulled back), Steamships were first introduced into the
resulting in a rather streamlined face shape. This United States in 1807, and John Molson built the
peculiarity may have been related to the greater first steamship in Canada(then called British
importance (in cultural activities as well as food North America) in 1809. By the 1830's dozens of
processing) of the front teeth, which are large and steam vessels were in use in Canada. They offered
part of a row of teeth that lies well forward in the the traveler reliable transportation in comfortable
head; it may reflect a reduction in importance of facilities-a welcome alternative to stagecoach
certain jaw muscles operating at the sides of the travel, which at the best of times
face; or it may reflect an adaptation to cold. could only be described as wretched. This
Whether it results from any or all of these three commitment to dependable river transport became
factors or from other, undiscovered causes, this entrenched with the investment of millions of
midfacial projection is so characteristic that it dollars for the improvement of waterways. which

18
 included the construction of canals and lock People Of Hospital
systems. The Lachine and Welland canals. two of A. To outline the ways
the most important systems. were opened in 1825 D. Hispanic
and 1829, respectively. By the time that Upper B. Inberitance
and Lower Canada were united into the Province A. Immigrans
of Canada in 1841. the public debt for canals was C. Slaves were not consrated
more than one hundred dollars per capita. an B. About 35 millions
enormous sum for the time. But it may not seem D. Thought
such a great amount if we consider that D. Untheservetly
improvements allowed steamboats to remain A. They were subjected
practical for most commercial transport in Canada B. Rasial and ethenic and millation
until the mid-- nineteenth century. Jazz Has been called the on of
1. What is the main purpose of the passage? B. what were the organis of jazz
(A) To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach D. New or leans
(B) To criticize the level of public debt in nineteenth - B. Bound
century Canada - C. Improvissation
(C) To describe the introduction of steamships in Canada A. Framework
(D) To show how Canada surpassed the United States in C. Many early musicians bad little formal
transportation improvements C. Degrading
2. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which D. Joe oliver
of the following D. Joe oliver is generally
(A) Quick (B) Safe (C) Dependable (D) Luxurious
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
about stagecoach travel in Canada in the 1831's?
(A) It was reasonably comfortable.
(B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) It was not popular.
(D) It was very practical.
4. According to the passage, when was the Welland Canal
opened?
(A) 1807 (B) 1809
(C) 1825 (D) 1829
5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of
the following?
(A) Size (B) Cost (C) Payment (D) Amount
6. According to the passage, steamships became practical means
of transportation in Canada because of
(A) improvements in the waterways (B) large subsidies
from John Molson
(C) a relatively small population (D) the lack of alternate
means

Not trained naturalist

C. Discovery of animal species by Lewis and Clark
B. Managing
D. record newly discovered spesies of
A. Lewis and Clark
A. The grizzly bear
B. Capture the animal
The Moon has been
A. The moon efect
C. Huge
A. Rubbish
A. Older then the earth
D. Not uniform
D. to explain the currosin
A. Change
C. The moon has atmosfer
B. It is havier
D. Mars could have been

19