Kotputli blending silo

Cone design calculations

capacity = 15000T
fy = 415 N/mm2
fck = 30 N/mm2
Density W = 1400 kg/m3
Height H = 84.25 m
Bin Dia d = 26 m
Cone angle α = 60 degree
Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Silo wall thickness = 500 mm
Cone wall thickness = 900 mm

Angle of repose Φ = 36 degree

Pressure ratio λ = 0.260
Angle wall friction δ = 36 degree
Coefficient of wall friction μ = 0.727
Hydraulic depth R = 6.5 m
Filling depth Z = 28 m

Height Hydra
from cone Cone outside ulic
Dia Radius top radius depth
D(m) r n (m) Z(m) Actual r n(m) R=D/2(m)
22.46 11.23 18 0.45 0.225
21.261 10.6305 17 1.0495 0.5248
20.062 10.031 16 1.649 0.8245
18.863 9.4315 15 2.2485 1.1243
17.664 8.832 14 2.848 1.424
16.465 8.2325 13 3.4475 1.7238
15.266 7.633 12 4.047 2.0235
14.067 7.0335 11 4.6465 2.3233
12.868 6.434 10 5.246 2.623
11.67 5.835 9 5.845 2.9225
10.471 5.2355 8 6.4445 3.2223
9.272 4.636 7 7.044 3.522
8.073 4.0365 6 7.6435 3.8218
6.874 3.437 5 8.243 4.1215
5.675 2.8375 4 8.8425 4.4213
4.476 2.238 3 9.442 4.721
3.277 1.6385 2 10.0415 5.0208
2.078 1.039 1 10.641 5.3205
Pressure due to surcharge
Self weight of cone = 22.5 m
Height of cone = 18 m
Outer dia of cone = 22.46 m
Material filled above the cone = 10 m
Total load = 55475 kN
Load/m2 Ps = 140 kN/m2
Horizontal pressure Ph = (WxR/μ)(1-e^(μxλxz/R))
Vertical pressure Pv = (WxR/μxλ)(1-e^(μxλxz/R))
Meridional compression = [0.5(Pv+Ps+Ws)xZ]/(cos(α/2))^2
Hoop compression = (Pv+Ps+Ws)xZ(tan(α/2)2)
Permissible bearing stress = 0.25fck
Permissible bearing stress as per IS :456-2000-Cl 34.4 = 0.25 x fck 7.5

Hydraulic Meridional Hoop

Height Ph Pv Ps Ws
Depth compression Compression

kN/m2

0.225 18 4.335 16.701 140 22.5 2150.575 1075.540

0.525 17 10.087 38.863 140 22.5 2282.292 1141.415
0.824 16 15.476 59.624 140 22.5 2369.507 1185.032
1.124 15 19.911 76.710 140 22.5 2392.286 1196.424
1.424 14 23.140 89.149 140 22.5 2348.910 1174.731
1.724 13 25.203 97.096 140 22.5 2250.005 1125.267
2.024 12 26.246 101.118 140 22.5 2109.107 1054.801
2.323 11 26.435 101.844 140 22.5 1938.673 969.564
2.623 10 25.914 99.838 140 22.5 1749.059 874.735
2.923 9 24.807 95.571 140 22.5 1548.550 774.457
3.222 8 23.213 89.432 140 22.5 1343.742 672.029
3.522 7 21.213 81.726 140 22.5 1139.813 570.040
3.822 6 18.872 72.705 140 22.5 940.893 470.557
4.122 5 16.241 62.569 140 22.5 750.288 375.232
4.421 4 13.363 51.483 140 22.5 570.665 285.399
4.721 3 10.274 39.581 140 22.5 404.193 202.144
5.021 2 7.001 26.974 140 22.5 252.652 126.356
5.321 1 3.570 13.755 140 22.5 117.512 58.770
Design of ring beam AS per steel provided in drg

Horizontal component of meridional force T will cause outward force on the supports, causing hoop tension :

Hoop tension on ring beam = T sin(α/2) = 1075.5405 kN/m

Total tensile force on ring beam = Ft= P* D/2 = 12947.894 kN Average dia of ring beam
As per drawing
Provided area of steel Ast = 85330 mm2
Provided area of ring beam Ag = 6618000 mm2
Net area of concrete Ac = 6532670 mm2

Tensile stress in ring beam = Ft/(Ac+mAst) = 1.792 N/mm2

Modular ratio = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.115942

Permissible tensile stress = 3.6 N/mm2 OK

Design of ring beam As per 25% steel reduction

Horizontal component of meridional force T will cause outward force on the supports, causing hoop tension :

Hoop tension on ring beam = T sin(α/2) = 1075.5405 kN/m

Total tensile force on ring beam = Ft= P* D/2 = 12947.894 kN Average dia of ring beam
As per drawing
Provided area of steel Ast = 63997.5 mm2
Provided area of ring beam Ag = 6618000 mm2
Net area of concrete Ac = 6468672.5 mm2

Tensile stress in ring beam = Ft/(Ac+mAst) = 1.853 N/mm2

Modular ratio = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.115942

Permissible tensile stress = 3.6 N/mm2 OK

 Check for Minimum meridional Minimum outer
Meridional Hoop
permissible steel 0.15% Ast, 1350 mm2 Hoop steel 0.15%
stress stress
stress required Ast, required

Spacing
Spacing provided Spacing
Dia of bar Check Dia of bar
required at each required
face

2.390 1.195 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593

2.536 1.268 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.633 1.317 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.658 1.329 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.610 1.305 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.500 1.250 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.343 1.172 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
2.154 1.077 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
1.943 0.972 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
1.721 0.861 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
1.493 0.747 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
1.266 0.633 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
1.045 0.523 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
0.834 0.417 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
0.634 0.317 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
0.449 0.225 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
0.281 0.140 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
0.131 0.065 OK 20 232.593 200 OK 20 232.593
g hoop tension :

rage dia of ring beam = 24.077 m

g hoop tension :

rage dia of ring beam = 24.077 m

 assuming provided meridional steel assuming provided hoop steel
1350 mm2
is 25% less then of required is 25% less then of required

Spacing Spacing Spacing

provided provided provided
Check Dia of bar Dia of bar
at each at each at each
face face face
check check

200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK

200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK
200 OK 20 267 OK 20 267 OK