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bjective Physics

• So that the v2 will also lie in the x-y plane and will have no component in the z-direction because u1 and v1 have
no z-components.
Apply law of conservation of linear momentum along x-axis, m1u1 m1v1 cos 1 m2 v2 cos 2
Apply law of conservation of linear momentum along y-axis, 0 m1v1 sin 1 m2 2 sin 2
Since the collision is elastic, kinetic energy is also conserved. So that,
1 1 1
m1u12 m1v12 m2 v22
2 2 2
m1u12 m1v12 m2 v22
Inelastic Collision in Two Dimensions
• When two bodies travelling in a straight line collide and move in different
directions in a plane by losing some kinetic energy.
Applying law of conservation of linear momentum along x-axis,
m1v1 sin m2 v2 sin [momentum along y-axis is zero]
By measuring θ and experimentally, v1 and v2 can be found out.
In case of perfectly inelastic collision in two dimensions, two colliding bodies
will stick together and move as single body after the collision with velocity v.
By law of conservation of momentum along x-axis, m1u1 cos m2 u2 m1 m2 v cos
Applying conservation of linear momentum along y-axis, m1u1 sin m1 m2 v sin
By measuring θ and experimentally, v1 and v2 can be found out.

PRACTICE TIME

(a) 3234 J and 0 J, respectively

Work (b) 3234 J and 3234 J, respectively
(c) 6468 J and 0 J, respectively
1. A uniform force of 3i j newton acts on a particle (d) 6468 J and 6468 J, respectively
of mass 2 kg. Hence the particle is displaced from 6. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such
position 2i k m to position 4i 3 j k m. The that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the edge
work done by the force on the particle is: of the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. The
(a) 9 J (b) 6 J work done in pulling the entire chain on the table
(c) 13 J (d) 15 J (Take g = 10 m s–2).
(a) 12.9 J (b) 6.3 J
2. An explosion breaks a rock into three parts in a hor-
izontal plane. Two of them go off at right angles to (c) 7.2 J (d) 2.0 J
each other. The first part of mass 1 kg moves with a 7. A body of mass 2 kg moving under a force has rela-
tion between displacement x and time t as x = t3/3
speed of 12 m s–1 and the second part of mass 2 kg
where x is in the metre and t is in the second. The
moves with 8 m s–1 speed. If the third part flies off
work done by the body in first two second will be:
with 4 m s–1 speed, then its mass is:
(a) 1.6 Joule (b) 16 Joule
(a) 3 kg (b) 5 kg
(c) 160 Joule (d) 1,600 Joule
(c) 7 kg (d) 17 kg 8. A body of mass 1 kg begins to move under the action
3. A body is being raised to a height h from the surface
of a time dependent force F (2ti 3t 2 j) N , where i
of Earth. What is the sign of work done by applied
and j̆ are unit vectors along x-axis and y-axis. What
force and gravitational force respectively? power will be developed by the force at the time t?
(a) Positive, Positive (b) Positive, Negative
(a) (2t 2 3t 3 )W (b) (2t 2 4t 4 )W
(c) Negative, Positive (d) Negative, Negative
4. Which of the following is not a conservative force? (c) (2t 3 3t 4 )W (d) (2t 3 3t 5 )W
(a) Elastic force (b) Gravitational force 9. A body is acted upon a force F i 2 j 3k . The
(c) Force of friction (d) Electrostatic force work done by the force in displaying it for (0, 0, 0) to
5. A weight lifter lifts a 275 kg barbell from the ground (0, 0, 4 m) will be:
to a height of 2.4 m. How much work has he done in (a) 12 J (b) 10 J
lifting the barbell, and how much work is required (c) 8 J (d) 6 J
to hold the weight at that height?

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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|
10. The work done in pulling a body of mass 5 kg along 18. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 N/m is stretched
an inclined plane (angle 60°) with coefficient of fric- initially by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then
tion 0.2 through 2 m, will be: the work required to stretch it further by another 5
(a) 94.66 J (b) 94.08 J cm is:
(c) 90.08 J (d) 91.08 J (a) 12.50 N m (b) 18.75 N m
11. A force F = (7 – 2x + 3x2) N applied on a 2 kg mass (c) 25.00 N m (d) 6.25 N m
which displaces it from x = 0 to x = 5 m. Work done 19. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant magni-
in joule is: tude which is always perpendicular to the velocity of
(a) 70 J (b) 270 J the particle, the motion of the particle takes place in
(c) 35 J (d) 135 J a plane. It follows that
12. Two similar springs P and Q have spring constants (a) its velocity is constant.
kP and kQ, such that kP > kQ. They are stretched, first (b) its acceleration is constant.
by the same amount (case a,) then by the same force (c) its kinetic energy is constant.
(case b). The work done by the springs WP and WQ (d) it moves in a straight line.
are related as, in case (a) and case (b), respectively: 20. A uniform thread of length 2 m is lying on a stool
(a) WP = WQ; WP = WQ such that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the
(b) WP > WQ; WQ > WP edge of the stool. The total mass of the thread is 4 kg.
(c) WP < WQ; WQ < WP What is the work done in pulling the entire thread on
(d) WP = WQ; WP > WQ the stool?
13. A cord is used to lower vertically a block of mass M, (a) 7.2 J (b) 3.6 J
a distance d at a constant downward acceleration of (c) 120 J (d) 1200 J
g/4. The work done by the cord on the block is:
21. A block of mass 10 kg is moving in x-direction with
(a) Mgd/4 (b) 3Mgd/4
a constant speed of 10 m s–1. It is subjected to a
(c) –3Mgd/4 (d) Mgd retarding force Fr = −0.1 J m–1 during its travel from
14. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 N/m is stretched x = 20 m to x = 30 m. Its final kinetic energy will be:
initially by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then (a) 250 J (b) 275 J
the work required to stretch it further by another 5
(c) 450 J (d) 475 J
cm is:
(a) 12.50 N m (b) 18.75 N m Energy
(c) 25.00 N m (d) 6.25 N m
15. A particle of mass 10 g moves along a circle of radius 22. The momentum of a body of mass 5 kg is 10 kg m/s.
6.4 cm with a constant tangential acceleration. What A force of 2 N acts on the body in the direction of
is the magnitude of this acceleration if the kinetic motion for 5 sec, the increase in the kinetic energy is:
energy of the particle becomes equal to 8 × 10–4J by (a) 15 J (b) 50 J
the end of the second revolution after the beginning (c) 30 J (d) None of these
of the motion? 23. If the water falls from a dam into a turbine wheel
(a) 0.1 m/s2 (b) 0.15 m/s2 19.6 m below, then the velocity of water at the tur-
(c) 0.18 m/s 2 (d) 0.2 m/s2 bine is: (g = 9.8 m/s)
16. A peculiar spring has a force law F = –dx3 which of (a) 9.8 m/s (b) 19.6 m/s
the following is true? (c) 39.2 m/s (d) 98 m/s
is 24. A bullet fired from a gun can pierce a target due to its:
(a) Potential energy at point x when U = 0 at x = 0
dx 4 (a) Mechanical energy (b) Heat energy
(c) Kinetic energy (d) Acceleration
4 .
(b) If a mass m is attached to the spring. Mass is 25. When force and displacement are in the same direc-
tion, the kinetic energy of the body:
displaced slightly, it will follow simple harmonic
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
motion.
(c) Remains constant (d) Becomes zero
dx 4 26. The momentum of a body of mass 5 kg is 500 kg m/s.
work has to be done on the spring i
(c) 4 n Find its kinetic energy.
stretching it slowing from 0 to x. (a) 2×105 J (b) 2.5×104 J
(d) None of these (c) 2.5×10 J 5 (d) 2.5 J
17. A spring of force constant 800 N/m has an extension 27. A bullet of mass 20 g is found to pass two points
of 5 cm. The work done in extending it from 5 cm to 30 m apart in a time interval of 4 s. Calculate the kinetic
15 cm is: energy of the bullet if it moves with constant speed.
(a) 6 J (b) 8 J (a) 2.5 J (b) 5 J
(c) 32 J (d) 24 J (c) 0.5625 J (d) 2 J
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28. The kinetic energy in water is used to 36. The potential energy of a 1 kg particle free to move
(a) run turbines. x4 x2
along the x-axis is given by V (x ) J. The
(b) generate nuclear power. 4 2
(c) generate hydroelectricity.
total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J. Then,
(d) thermal power. the maximum speed (in m/s) is:
29. What energy does a stretched bow possess? 3 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 2
(a) Kinetic energy 2 2
(b) Gravitational energy
37. Two springs of force constants 300 N/m (Spring A)
(c) Elastic potential energy
and 400 N/m (Spring B) are joined together in series.
(d) Potential energy The combination is compressed by 8.75 cm. The ratio
30. A ball whose kinetic energy is E, is projected at an of energy stored in A and B is EA/EB. Then EA/EB is
angle of 45° to the horizontal. The kinetic energy of equal to:
the ball at the highest point of its flight will be: (a) 4/3 (b) 16/9
E (c) 3/4 (d) 9/16
(a) E (b)
E 2 38. The potential energy of a certain spring when
(c) (d) Zero stretched through distance S is 10 joules. The amount
2 of work done (in joule) that must be done on this
31. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation
proportional to its displacement. Its loss of kinetic spring to stretch it through an additional distance S,
energy for any displacement x is proportional to: will be:
(a) x2 (b) ex (a) 20 (b) 10 (c) 30 (d) 40
(c) x (d) loge x 39. Potential energy is also called as
32. The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A. (a) gravitational energy.
If the wind flows at a velocity v perpendicular to the (b) mutual energy.
circle, what is the kinetic energy of mass of the air of (c) kinetic energy.
density passing through it in time t? (d) average energy.
(a) Av t (b) 2Av t 40. The total energy of the universe is
(a) constant. (b) variable.
1 3 (c) infinity. (d) continuity.
(c) Av 2 t (d) Av t
2 41. A spherical ball of mass 20 kg is stationary at the
top of a hill of height 100 m. It rolls down a smooth
33. In the question number 32, Assume that the windmill
surface to the ground, then climbs up another hill of
converts 25% of the wind’s energy into electrical energy,
height 30 m and finally rolls done to a horizontal base
and that A = 30 m2, v = 36 km/h and the density of air
at a height of 20 m above the ground. The velocity
is 1.2 kg m–3. What is the electrical power produced?
attained by the ball is:
(a) 3.25 kW (b) 12.5 kW
(a) 10 m/s (b) 10√30 m/s
(c) 4.5 kW (d) 11.0 kW
(c) 40 m/s (d) 20 m/s
34. A particle of mass m1 is moving with a velocity v1
42. The KE acquired by a mass m in travelling a certain
and another particle of mass m2 is moving with
distance d, starting form rest, under the action of a
a velocity v2. Both have the same momentum, but
constant force is directly proportional to:
their different kinetic energies are E1 and E2 respec-
tively. If m1 > m2 then: (a) m (b) m
(a) E1 = E2 (b) E1 < E2 1
(c) (d) independent of m
E1 m1 m
(c) (d) E1 > E2 43. A spring lies along an x-axis attached to a wall at one
E2 m2
35. A body of mass m is dropped from a certain height. end and a block at the other end. The block rests on a
It has velocity v1 when it is at a height h1 above the frictionless surface at x = 0. A force of constant mag-
ground. It has velocity v2 when it is at a height h2 nitude F is applied to the block that begins to com-
above the ground which of the following is true: press the spring, until the block comes to a maximum
(a) v12 v22 2 g (h1 h2 ) displacement xmax.

(b) v12 v22 2 g (h2 h1 )

(c) v1 v2 2 g ( h2 h1)

(d) v1 v2 2 g ( h1 h2 )

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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|
During the displacement, which of the curves shown 52. When a body slides against a rough horizontal sur-
in the graph best represents the kinetic energy of the face, the work done by friction is:
block? (a) Positive (b) Zero
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) Negative (d) Constant
(c) 3 (d) 4 53. For a body moving in a circular path, the work done
44. Identify the false statement from the following by the centripetal force is:
(a) Work-energy theorem is not independent of (a) Negative (b) Positive
Newton’s second law. (c) Constant (d) Zero
(b) Work-energy theorem holds in all inertial 54. Raindrop of mass 1 g falling from a height of 1 km
frames. hits the ground with a speed of 50 m s–1. If the resis-
(c) Work done by friction over a closed path is zero. tive force is proportional to the speed of the drop,
(d) No potential energy can be associated with fric- then the work done by the resistive force is:
tion. (a) 10 J (b) –10 J
45. The relationship between the force F and position x (c) 8.75 J (d) –8.75 J
of a body is as shown in figure. The work done in 55. Two bodies of mass m and 4m have equal kinetic
displacing the body for x = 1 m to x = 5 m will be: energy. What is the ratio of their momentum?
(a) 1:4 (b) 1:2
(c) 1:1 (d) 2:1
56. An object of mass m is released from rest from the
top of a smooth inclined plane of height h. Its speed
at the bottom of the plane is proportional to:
(a) m–1 (b) m
(a) 30 J (b) 15 J
(c) m2 (d) None of these
(c) 25 J (d) 20 J
57. The kinetic energy of a particle moving along a
46. An object of mass 5 kg falls from rest through a verti-
circle of radius R depend on the distance covered
cal distance of 20 m and reaches a velocity of 10 m/s.
S as T = aS2 where a is constant. Find the force
How much work is done by the push of the air on the
object? Taken: (g = 10 m/s–2) acting on the particle as a function of S:
2
(a) 350 J (b) –750 J 2aS 2 S
(c) 200 J (d) 300 J (a) (b) 2aS 1
R R
47. A gardener pushes a lawn roller through 20 m. If he S
2

applies a force of 20 kg weight in a direction inclined (c) 2aS 1 (d) None of these
R
at 60° to the ground, find the work done by him. 58. A body is allowed to fall freely under gravity from
(g = 9.8 m/s2) a height of 10 m. If it loses 25% of its energy due to
(a) 400 J (b) 1960 J
impact with the ground, then the maximum height it
(c) 250 J (d) 2514 J
rises after one impact is:
48. A person is holding a bucket by applying a force of 10
(a) 5.5 m (b) 5.0 m
N. He moves a horizontal distance of 5 m and then
(c) 7.5 m (d) 8.2 m
climbs up a vertical distance of 10 m. Find the total
59. A small object of mass m = 234 g slides along a track
work done by him.
(a) 50 J (b) 150 J with elevated ends and a central flat part, as shown
(c) 100 J (d) 200 J in below figure. The flat part has a length L = 2.16 m.
The curved portions the tracks are frictionless; but in
49. If a force acts perpendicular to the direction of
motion of a body, what is the amount of work done? traversing the flat part, the object loses 688 mJ of
(a) Infinity (b) Constant mechanical energy, due to friction. The object is
(c) Zero (d) sinθ released at point A, which is a height h = 1.05 m above
50. Assume that the body of mass 4 kg is moving with the flat part of the track. Where does the object finally
momentum of 8 kg m s–1. A force of 0.2 N acts on it come to rest?
in the direction of motion of the body for 10 s. The
increase in kinetic energy is:
(a) 10 J (b) 8.5 J
(c) 4.5 J (d) 4 J
51. When a body falls freely under gravity, then the work
done by the gravity is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (a) 3.50 (b) 5.00
(c) Zero (d) Infinity (c) 8.70 (d) 2.50
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bjective Physics

60. The potential energy of a 1 kg particle free to move 68. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of
along the x-axis is given by: 20 m/s. At what height, will its kinetic energy be half
x4 x2 its original value?
V (x ) J. (a) 10.20 m (b) 10 m
4 2
(c) 15 m (d) 5 m
The total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J.
Then, the maximum speed (in m/s) is:
3
Power
(a) 2 (b)
2 69. An automobile of mass m accelerates from rest. If die
1
(c) 2 (d) engine supplies a constant power P, the velocity at
2 time t is given by:
61. A simple pendulum consists of a mass attached to a Pt 2Pt
light string l. if the system is oscillating through small (a) v (b) v
m m
angles which of the following is true?
(a) The frequency is independent of the accelera- Pt 2Pt
tion due to gravity g. (c) v (d) v
m m
(b) The period depends on the amplitude of the 70. An engine pumps water through a hose pipe. Water
oscillation. passes through the pipe and leaves it with a velocity
(c) The period is independent of mass m. of 2 m/s. The mass per unit length of water in the pipe
(d) The period is independent of length l. is 100 kg/m. What is the power of the engine?
62. A boy is swinging on a swing such that his lowest and (a) 400 W (b) 200 W
highest positions are at heights 2 m and 4.5 m respec- (c) 100 W (d) 800 W
tively. His velocity at lowest position is: 71. A one-ton car moves with a constant velocity of 15 ms–1
(a) 5 2 m/s (b) 2 5 m/s on a rough horizontal road. The total resistance to the
motion of the car is 12% of the weight of the car. The
(c) 2 3 m/s (d) 7 m/s power required to keep the car moving with the same
63. A ball is falling from a height of 2 m rebounds to a constant velocity of 15 ms–1 is: (Take g = 10 ms–2)
height of 1.5 m after hitting the ground. Then the (a) 9 kW (b) 18 kW
percentage of energy lost is: (c) 24 kW (d) 36 kW
(a) 25% (b) 30% 72. Water falls from a height of 60 m at the rate of 15 kg/s
(c) 50% (d) 100% to operate a turbine. The losses due to frictional force
64. A spring gun of spring constant 90 N cm–1 is com- are 10% of energy. How much power is generated by
pressed 12 cm by a ball of mass 16 g. If the trigger is the turbine? (g = 10 m/s–2)
pulled, Find the velocity of the ball. (a) 8.1 kW (b) 10.2 KW
(a) 50 ms–1 (b) 40 ms–1 (c) 12.3 kW (d) 7.0 kW
(c) 60 ms –1 (d) 90 ms–1 73. A force applied by an engine of a train of mass
65. Water drop of mass 1 g falling from a height of 1 km 2.05 × 106 kg changes its velocity from 5 m/s to
hits the ground with a speed of 50 ms–1. Which of the 25 m/s in 5 minutes. The power of the engine is:
following statements is correct? (Take g = 10 ms–2) (a) 1.025 MW (b) 2.05 MW
(a) The loss of potential energy of the drop is 10 J. (c) 5 MW (d) 6 MW
(b) The gain in kinetic energy of the drop is 1.25 J. 74. A particle of mass m is driven by a machine that
(c) The gain in kinetic energy of the drop is not delivers a constant power of k watts. If the particle
equal to the loss of potential energy of the drop. starts from rest the force on the particle at time t is:
(d) All of these
(a) mkt 1/ 2 (b) 2mkt 1/ 2
66. Calculate the velocity of the bob of a simple pen-
dulum at its mean position if it can rise to a vertical 1 mk 1/2
(c) mkt 1/2 (d) t
height of 10 cm. (Take g = 9.8 m/s2) 2 2
(a) 5 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s 75. How much mass is converted into energy per day in
(c) 14 m/s (d) 1.4 m/s Tarapur nuclear power plant operated at 107 kW?
67. How high must the body be lifted to gain an amount (a) 10 g (b) 9 g
of potential energy equal to the kinetic energy it has (c) 9.6 g (d) 2 g
when moving at a speed of 20 m/s? (g = 9.8 m/s2) 76. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine
(a) 20 m (b) 20.2 m delivering a constant power. The distance moved by
(c) 20.0 m (d) 2.2 m the body in time t is proportional to:
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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|
(a) t3/4 (b) t3/2 mv02 mv02
(c) t 1/4 (d) t1/2 (a) (b)
x02 2 x02
77. A machine gun fires 60 bullets per minute, with a
velocity of 700 m/s. If each bullet has a mass of 50 g, 3 mv02 2 mv02
(c) (d)
find the power developed by the gun. 2 x02 3 x02
(a) 1225 W (b) 12250 W 85. A ball is thrown vertically downwards from a height
(c) 122.5 W (d) 122 W of 20 m with an initial velocity v0. It collides with the
78. A man weighing 60 kg climbs up a staircase carrying ground and loses 50% of its energy in collision and
a load of 20 kg on his head. The stair case has 20 steps rebounds to the same height. The initial velocity v0 is:
each of height 0.2 m. If he takes 10 s to climb, find his (Take g = 10 ms–2)
power. (a) 20 ms–1 (b) 28 ms–1
(a) 313.6 W (b) 120.6 W (c) 10 ms –1 (d) 14 ms–1
(c) 510 W (d) 0 86. Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height h
79. A 30 m deep well is having water up to 15 m. An = 4.9 m onto a horizontal elastic plate. Assume that
engine evacuates it in one hour. The power of the the duration of collision is negligible and the colli-
engine, if the diameter of the well is 4 m is: sion with the plate is totally elastic. Then the veloc-
(a) 11.55 kW (b) 1155 kW ity as a function of time and the height as:
(c) 23.10 kW (d) 2310 kW v y
80. Two men with weights in the ratio 4:3 run up a stair- v1 h
case in time in the ratio 12:11. The ratio of power of (a)
the first to that of second is: O t t
4
(a) (b) 12 v y
3 11 +v1
h
48 11 (b)
(c) (d) O t
33 9 –v1 t
81. Water is flowing in a river at 2 ms–1. The river is 50 m
wide and has an average depth of 5 m. The power avail- v y
able from the current in the river is: (Density of water +v1
(c) h
= 1000 kg m–3) O t1 2t 3t1 4t t
(a) 0.5 MW (c) 1.5 MW –v1 1 1
t
(b) 1 MW (d) 2 MW
y
Collision (d) h
t1 2t1 3t1 4t1
t
t
82. A glass marble dropped from a certain height above
the horizontal surface reaches the surface in time t 87. In stable equilibrium, a body has
and then continues to bounce up and down. The time (a) maximum potential.(b) minimum potential.
in which the marble finally comes to rest is: (c) equipotential. (d) None of these
(a) e nt (b) e 2t 88. Mud thrown on a wall and sticking to it is an example
1 e 1 e for:
(c) t (d) t (a) Inelastic collision
1 e 1 e
(b) Elastic collision
83. A bullet of mass 20 g and moving with 600 m/s (c) Super elastic collision
collides with a block of mass 4 kg hanging with the (d) Perfectly inelastic collision
string. What is the velocity of bullet when it comes 89. Collision between two carom coins is an example for:
out of block, if block rises to height 0.2 m after col- (a) Oblique collision
lision? (b) Perfectly inelastic collision
(a) 200 m/s (b) 150 m/s (c) Inelastic collision
(c) 400 m/s (d) 300 m/s (d) Elastic collision
84. A block C of mass m is moving with velocity v0 90. When a light body collides with a massive body at rest
and collides elastically with block A of mass m and (a) The light body rebounds after collision.
connected to another block B of mass 2 m through (b) The light body Cemains at rest.
spring constant k. What is k if x0 is compression of (c) The massive body rebounds after collision.
spring when velocity of A and B is same? (d) No reaction happens.
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91. When a massive body collides against a light body at 2 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively. Is this collision elastic
rest or inelastic?
(a) The light body starts moving. (a) Collision is inelastic.
(b) The light body rebounds. (b) Collision is elastic.
(c) The velocity of the bodies gets exchanged. (c) Collison is perfectly elastic.
(d) The massive body comes to rest. (d) Cannot be determine.
92. Comets moves around the Sun in a highly elliptical 98. An object of mass m1 = 2 kg, moving with velocity
orbit. The gravitational force on the comet due to the vi1 = 12 m/s, collides head-on with a stationary object
Sun is not normal to the comet’s velocity in general. whose mass is m2 = 6 kg. Given that the collision is
Yet the work done by the gravitational force over elastic, what are the final velocities of the two objects.
every orbit of the comet is zero. Why? Neglect friction.
(a) The gravitational force is conservative, hence (a) –6 m/s and +6 m/s (b) 6 m/s and –6 m/s
work done is zero. (c) 6 km/s and –6 km/s (d) –6 km/s and 6 km/s
(b) The gravitational force is non-conservative, 99. A bullet of mass m = 12 g strikes a stationary wooden
hence work done is zero. block of mass M = 5.2 kg standing on a frictionless
(c) Energy is absent, hence work done is zero. surface. The block, with the bullet embedded in
it, acquires a velocity of v = 1.7 m/s. What was the
(d) Force is in negative direction.
velocity of the bullet before it struck the block? What
93. The block of mass M moving on the frictionless hori-
fraction of the bullet’s initial kinetic energy is lost
zontal surface collides with the spring of spring con-
(i.e., dissipated) due to the collision with the block?
stant K and compresses it by length L. The maximum
(a) 387.4 m/s and 0.9977
momentum of the block after collision is:
(b) 738.4 m/s and 0.9977
(c) 738.4 m/s and 0.7799
(d) 387.4 m/s and 0.7799
100. Two objects slide over a frictionless horizontal sur-
face. The first object, mass m1 = 5 kg, is propelled
with speed v i1 = 4.5 m/s towards the second object,
ML2 mass m2 = 2.5 kg, which is initially at rest. After
(a) Zero (b)
k the collision, both objects have velocities which
(c) KL2 (d) MK L are directed θ = 30° on either side of the original
2M line of motion of the first object. What are the final
94. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 5 m on a speeds of the two objects? Is the collision elastic or
plane, where the acceleration due to gravity is not inelastic?
shown. On bouncing it rises to 1.8 m. The ball loses Speed of first Speed of sec- Collision
its velocity on bouncing by a factor of: body ond body
16 2 (a) 5.1962 m/s 2.5981 m/s elastic
(a) (b)
5 5 (b) 2.5981 m/s 5.1962 m/s inelastic
3 9
(c) (d)
5 25 (c) 2.5981 m/s 5.1962 m/s elastic
95. A ball of mass m moving with a constant velocity (d) 5.1962 m/s 2.5981 m/s Cannot
strikes against a ball of same mass at rest. If e = coef- determine
ficient of restitution, then what will be the ratio of
velocity of two balls after collision? 101. A skater of mass M = 120 kg is skating across a
1 e e 1 pond with uniform velocity v = 8 m/s. One of the
(a) (b)
1 e e 1 skater’s friends, who is standing at the edge of the
1 e 2 e pond, throws a medicine ball of mass m = 20 kg with
(c) (d) velocity u = 3 m/s to the skater, who catches it. The
1 e of mass 8 m collides
96. A sphere e 1elastically (in one
direction of motion of the ball is perpendicular to
dimension) with a block of mass 2 m. If the initial the initial direction of motion of the skater. What is
energy of sphere is E. What is the final energy of the final speed of the skater? What is the final direc-
sphere? tion of motion of the skater relative to his/her initial
(a) 0.8 E (b) 0.36 E direction of motion? Assume that the skater moves
(c) 0.08 E (d) 0.64 E without friction.
97. Two balls, each with mass 2 kg, and velocities of 2 m/s (a) 8.76 m/s, 8.35° (b) 8.76 m/s, 5.38°
and 3 m/s collide head-on. Their final velocities are (c) 6.87 m/s, 3.58° (d) None of these
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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|

HIGH-ORDER THINKING SKILL

(a) 1 implies 2 and 2 implies 1
Work (b) 1 does not imply 2 and 2 does not imply 1
(c) 1 implies 2 but 2 does not imply 1
1. A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on (d) 1 does not imply 2 but 2 implies 1
a smooth table and one third of its length is hang- 7. A lorry and a car moving with the same KE are
ing vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is brought to rest by applying the same retarding force,
acceleration due to gravity, the work required to pull then
the hanging part on to the table is: (a) Lorry will come to rest in a shorter distance.
(a) MgL (b) MgL/3 (b) Car will come to rest in a shorter distance.
(c) MgL/9 (d) MgL/18 (c) Both come to rest in a same distance.
(d) None of these
2. The displacement x of a particle moving in one 8. If lorry and car both possess same kinetic energy and
dimension under the action of a constant force is retarding force is also equal then both come to rest
related to the time t by the equation t x 3 , where in the same distance. The kinetic energy acquired
x is in metres and t is in seconds. The work done by by a mass m in travelling a certain distance d start-
the force in the first 6 seconds is: ing from rest under the action of a constant force is
(a) 9 J (b) 6 J directly proportional to:
(c) 0 J (d) 3 J (a) m (b) Independent of m
3. A force F K ( yi x j) (where K is a positive con- 1
(c) (d) m
stant) acts on a particle moving in the xy-plane. m
Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along 9. A metre stick weighing 600 g, is displaced through an
the positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and then parallel angle of 60° in vertical plane as shown. The increase
to the y-axis to the point (a, a). The total work done in its potential energy is: (g = 10 m s–2)
by the force F on the particles is: (a) 1.5 J (b) 15 J
(a) –2Ka2 (b) 2Ka2 (c) 30 J (d) 45 J
(c) –Ka 2 (d) Ka2
4. If W1, W2 and W3 represent the work done in moving
a particle from A to B along three different paths 1,
2 and 3 respectively (as shown) in the gravitational
field of a point mass m, find the correct relation
between W1, W2 and W3
10. A uniform chain AB of mass m and length l is placed
with one end A at the highest point of a hemisphere
of radius R. Referring to the top of the hemisphere as
the datum level, the potential energy of the chain is:
(Given that: l R)
2
(a) W1 > W2 > W3 (b) W1 = W2 = W3
(c) W1 < W2 < W3 (d) W2 > W1 > W3
5. The kinetic energy K of a particle moving along a circle
of radius R depends upon the distance s as K = as2. The
force acting on the particle is:
1/ 2
s2 s2 mR 2 g l l
(a) 2a (b) 2as 1 (a) sin
R R l R R
(c) 2as (d) 2a mR 2 g l l
(b) sin
2l R R
Energy
mR 2 g l l
(c) sin
6. Consider the following two statements: 2l R R
1- Linear momentum of a system of particles is zero. mR 2 g l l
(d) sin
2- Kinetic energy of a system of particles is zero. Then l R R
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bjective Physics

11. A particle free to move along the x-axis has potential

E 3E
energy given by (c) (d)
m 2m
U(x) = k[1 − exp (−x)2] for −∞ ≤ x ≤ + ∞, where k is
a positive constant of appropriate dimensions. Then: 17. A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle
(a) At point away from the origin, the particle is in K
of radius r under a centripetal force equal to ,
unstable equilibrium r2
where K is a constant. The total energy of the particle
(b) For any finite non-zero value of x, there is a is:
force directed away from the origin (a) K/2r (b) –K/2r
(c) If its total mechanical energy is k/2, it has its (c) –K/r (d) K/r
minimum kinetic energy at the origin 18. A shell is fired from a cannon with velocity v m/sec
(d) For small displacements from x = 0, the motion at an angle θ with the horizontal direction. At the
is simple harmonic highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces
12. If g is the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth’s of equal mass. One of the pieces retraces its path to
surface, the gain in the potential energy of an object the cannon and the speed in m/sec of the other piece
of mass m raised from the surface of Earth to a height immediately after the explosion is:
equal to the radius of the Earth R, is: (a) 3vcosθ (b) 2vcosθ
(a) 1/2mgR (b) 2mgR (c) 3/2vcosθ (d) 3/√2vcosθ
(c) mgR (d) 1/4mgR
13. Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with Power
2
time as P 3t W . Here t is in second. If the velocity 19. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of
of particle at 2t = 0 is v = 0, the velocity of particle at constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration
time t = 2 s will be: ac, is varying with time t as ac = k2rt2, where k is a
(a) 1 ms–1 (b) 4 ms–1 constant. The power delivered to the particle by the
(c) 2 ms–1 (d) 2 2 ms 1 forces acting on it is:
14. A block attached to a spring, pulled by a constant (a) zero (b) mk2r2t2
(c) mk r t 2 2 (d) mk2rt
horizontal force, is kept on a smooth surface as
shown in the given figure. Initially, the spring is in 20. A particle is projected with a velocity u making an
the natural length state. Then the maximum positive angle θ with the horizontal. The instantaneous power
work that the applied force F can do is: (given that of the gravitational force
string does not break) (a) varies linearly with time.
(b) is constant throughout.
(c) is negative for complete path.
(d) None of these
21. A 500 kg car, moving with a velocity of 36 km h–1 on
a straight road unidirectionally, doubles its velocity
in 1 min. The average power delivered by the engine
F2 2F 2 for doubling the velocity is:
(a) (b)
k k (a) 750 W (b) 1050 W
F2 (c) 1150 W (d) 1520 W
(c) Infinity (d)
2k 22. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine
15. A particle of mass 0.2 kg is moving in on dimensional delivering constant power. The distance moved by
under a force that delivers a constant power 0.5 W to the body in time t is proportional to:
the particle. If the initial speed (in m/s) of the particle (a) t1/2 (b) t3/4
is zero, the speed (in m/s) after 5 sec is: (c) t 3/2 (d) t2
(a) 5 m/s (b) 10 m/s
(c) 8 m/s (d) 12 m/s Collision
16. The potential energy of a particle of mass m free to
move along the x-axis is given by U = (1/2)kx2 for x < 0 23. A ball hits the floor and rebounds after inelastic col-
and U = 0 for x ≥ 0 (x denotes the x-coordinates of the lision. In this case
particle and k is a positive constant). If the total (a) The momentum of the ball just after the colli-
mechanical energy of the particle is E, then its speed at sion is the same as that just before the collision.
x 2 E / k is: (b) The mechanical energy of the ball remains the
2E same in the collision.
(a) Zero (b)
m
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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|
(c) The total momentum of the ball and the Earth is (a) 1:4 (b) 2:1
conserved. (c) 4:13 (d) 2:11
(d) The total energy of the ball and the Earth is con- 25. A bob of mass m suspended by a string of length l1
served. is given a minimum velocity required to complete a
24. Two identical balls A and B are released from the full circle in the vertical plane. At the highest point,
positions shown in the figure. They collide elasti- it collides elastically with another bob of mass m sus-
cally on horizontal portion MN. The ratio of heights pended by a string of length l2 which is initially at
attained by A and B after collision will be: (neglect rest. Both the strings are mass-less and inextensible.
friction) If the second bob, after collision acquires the mini-
A mum speed required to complete a full circle in the
B
vertical plane, the ratio l1/l2 is:
4h h (a) 1 (b) 3
45° 60°
M N (c) 5 (d) 1/5

NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

is 200 N and is directly opposed to the motion. The
Work work done by the cycle on the road is:
(a) +2000 J (b) –200 J
1. A man squatting on the ground gets straight up and (c) 0 (d) –20,000 J
stands. The force of reaction of ground on the man 5. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with
during the process is 3/2
velocity v kx where k = 5 m–1/2 s–1. The work
(a) constant and equal to mg in magnitude.
done by the net force during its displacement from x
(b) constant and greater than mg in magnitude.
= 0 to x = 2 m is:
(c) variable but always greater than mg.
(a) 1.5 J (b) 50 J
(d) at first greater than mg, and later becomes equal
to mg. (c) 10 J (d) 100 J
2. An electron and a proton are moving under the influ-
ence of mutual forces. In calculating the change in Energy
the kinetic energy of the system during motion, one
ignores the magnetic force of one on another. This is 6. Which of the diagrams shown in figure most closely
because, shows the variation in kinetic energy of the Earth as
(a) the two magnetic forces are equal and opposite, it moves once around the Sun in its elliptical orbit?
so they produce no net effect. K.E
(b) the magnetic forces do no work on each particle.
(c) the magnetic forces do equal and opposite (but (a)
non-zero) work on each particle.
(d) the magnetic forces are necessarily negligible. t
3. A proton is kept at rest. A positively charged parti- K.E
cle is released from rest at a distance d in its field.
Consider two experiments; one in which the charged (b)
particle is also a proton and in another, a positron. In
the same time t, the work done on the two moving
charged particles is K.E
(a) same as the same force law is involved in the two
experiments. (c)
(b) less for the case of a positron, as the positron
moves away more rapidly and the force on it
weakens. K.E
(c) more for the case of a positron, as the positron
moves away a larger distance. (d)
(d) same as the work done by charged particle on
the stationary proton.
t
4. A bicyclist comes to a skidding stop in 10 m. During
this process, the force on the bicycle due to the road
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bjective Physics

7. A mass of 5 kg is moving along a circular path of

radius 1 m. If the mass moves with 300 revolutions h h PE
PE
per minute, its kinetic energy would be:
(a) (b)
(a) 250π2 (b) 100π2
(c) 5π 2 (d) 0 h/4
KE KE
8. In a shotput event an athlete throws the shotput of t t
mass 10 kg with an initial speed of 1 ms–1 at 45° from
a height 1.5 m above ground. Assuming air resistance h PE
to be negligible and acceleration due to gravity to be (c)
h KE
10 ms–2, the kinetic energy of the shotput when it just (d)
reaches the ground will be: PE
KE
(a) 2.5 J (b) 5.0 J
t t
(c) 52.5 J (d) 155.0 J
12. Which of the diagrams shown in figure represents
9. Which of the diagrams in figure correctly shows the
variation of total mechanical energy of a pendulum
change in kinetic energy of an iron sphere falling
oscillating in air as function of time?
freely in a lake having enough depth to impart it a
E
terminal velocity?
E
(a) (b)
(a) K.E (b) K.E
t t

depth depth E
E

(c) (d) K.E (c) (d)

K.E
t t

depth depth 13. A body is falling freely under the action of gravity
10. The potential energy function for a particle executing alone in vacuum. Which of the following quantities
linear simple harmonic motion (SHM) is given by remain constant during the fall?
1 2 (a) Kinetic energy
V x kx where k is the force constant of the (b) Potential energy
oscillator2 (Figure). For k = 0.5 N/m, the graph of V(x) (c) Total mechanical energy
versus x is shown in the figure. A particle of total (d) Total linear momentum
energy E turns back when it reaches x xm . If V 14. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the
other steep meet at A from where two stones can
and K indicate the potential energy and kinetic slide down from rest, one on each track as shown in
energy, respectively of the particle at x = +xm, then figure. Which of the following statement is correct?
which of the following is correct? A
V(x) I II h
θ1 θ2
B C
x
–xm xm (a) Both the stones reach the bottom at the same
time but not with the same speed.
(a) V = 0, K = E (b) V = E, K = 0
(b) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same
(c) V < E, K = 0 (d) V = 0, K < E
speed and stone I reaches the bottom earlier
11. A raindrop falling from a height h above ground, than stone II.
attains a near terminal velocity when it has fallen (c) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same
3 speed and stone II reaches the bottom earlier
through a height, h . Which of the diagrams
4 than stone I.
shown in figure correctly shows the change in kinetic (d) Both the stones reach the bottom at different
and potential energy of the drop during its fall up to times and with different speeds.
the ground?

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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|
1
Power
(a)
15. A body is moving unidirectionally under the influ- V=0 V/2
ence of a source of constant power supplying energy.
1 2 3
Which of the diagrams shown in figure correctly
shows the displacement-time curve for its motion?
d d (b)
V=0 V
(a) (b)
1 2 3

t t
d d (c)
(c) (d) V/3
1 2 3
t t
(d)
Collision
V/1 V/2 V/3
16. During inelastic collision between two bodies, which
of the following quantities always remain conserved? 18. A cricket ball of mass 150 g moving with a speed of
(a) Total kinetic energy 126 km/h hits at the middle of the bat, held firmly at
(b) Total mechanical energy
its position by the batsman. The ball moves straight
(c) Total linear momentum
(d) Speed of each body back to the bowler after hitting the bat. If collision
17. Two identical ball bearings in contact with each between ball and bat is completely elastic and the
other and resting on a frictionless table are hit head- two remain in contact for 0.001 sec, the force that
on by another ball bearing of the same mass moving the batsman had to apply to hold the bat firmly at its
initially with a speed V as shown in figure. If the col- place would be:
lision is elastic, which of the following is a possible (a) 10.5 N (b) 21 N
result after collision? (c) 1.05 × 104 N (d) 2.1 × 104 N
1 2 3

ASSERTION AND REASONS

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the
correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

3. Assertion: When a gas can expand, work done by gas

Work is positive.
Reason: Force due to gaseous pressure and
1. Assertion: The work done in moving a body over a
displacement (of piston) are in the same direction.
closed loop is zero for every force in nature.
Reason: Work done depends on nature of force. 4. Assertion: Sum of work done by the Newton’s third
law pair internal forces, acting between two particles
2. Assertion: A person working on a horizontal road
may be zero.
with a load on his head does no work.
Reason: If two particles undergo same displacement
Reason: No work is said to be done, if directions of force
then work done by Newton’s third law pair forces on
and displacement of load are perpendicular to each other.
them is of opposite sign and equal magnitude.
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bjective Physics

Sun is not normal to the comet? Velocity but the work

Energy done by the gravitational force over every complete
orbit of the comet is zero.
5. Assertion: Linear momentum of a system of particles Reason: Gravitational force is a non-conservative force.
is zero.
Reason: Kinetic energy of a system of particles is zero.
6. Assertion: A light body and a heavy body have same
Power
momentum. Then they also have same kinetic energy.
12. Assertion: The power of a pump which raises 100 kg
Reason: Kinetic energy does not depend on mass of of water in 10 sec to a height of 100 m is 10 KW.
the body.
Reason: The practical unit of power is horse power.
7. Assertion: The change in kinetic energy of a particle is
13. Assertion: The instantaneous power of an agent is
equal to the work done on it by the net force.
measured as the dot product of instantaneous velocity
Reason: Change in kinetic energy of particle is equal to and the force acting on it at that instant.
the work done only in case of a system of one particle.
Reason: The unit of instantaneous power is watt.
8. Assertion: Work done by friction over a closed path
is not zero and no potential energy can be associated
with friction. Collision
Reason: Every force encountered in mechanics have
14. Assertion: Two particles moving in the same direction
an associated potential energy.
do not lose all their energy in a completely inelastic
9. Assertion: A spring has potential energy, when it is
collision.
either compressed or stretched.
Reason: Principle of conservation of momentum
Reason: In compressing or stretching a spring, work is
holds true for all kinds of collisions.
done on it against the restoring force.
15. Assertion: In a perfectly inelastic collision the kinetic
10. Assertion: The work done by the spring force in a
energy is never conserved.
cyclic process is zero.
Reason: The objects get deformed and stick together
Reason: Spring force is a conservative force. in perfectly in elastic collision.
11. Assertion: Comets move around the Sun in elliptical
orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due to

ANSWER KEYS

Practice Time
1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (b) 8 (d) 9 (a) 10 (a)
11 (d) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (a) 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (b)
21 (d) 22 (c) 23 (b) 24 (c) 25 (a) 26 (b) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (d) 30 (c)
31 (a) 32 (d) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (b) 36 (a) 37 (a) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (a)
41 (c) 42 (d) 43 (c) 44 (c) 45 (b) 46 (b) 47 (b) 48 (c) 49 (c) 50 (c)
51 (a) 52 (c) 53 (d) 54 (d) 55 (b) 56 (d) 57 (d) 58 (c) 59 (a) 60 (b)
61 (c) 62 (d) 63 (a) 64 (d) 65 (d) 66 (d) 67 (b) 68 (a) 69 (d) 70 (a)
71 (b) 72 (a) 73 (b) 74 (d) 75 (c) 76 (b) 77 (b) 78 (a) 79 (a) 80 (d)
81 (b) 82 (c) 83 (a) 84 (d) 85 (a) 86 (c) 87 (b) 88 (d) 89 (a) 90 (a)
91 (a) 92 (a) 93 (d) 94 (b) 95 (a) 96 (b) 97 (a) 98 (a) 99 (b) 100 (c)
101 (c)

High-Order Thinking Skill

1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (a)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (a) 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (a) 19 (c) 20 (a)

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Work, Energy and Power Chapter |6|

21 (a) 22 (c) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (c)

NCERT Exemplar Problems

1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (d) 9 (b) 10 (b)
11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (c) 14 (c) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (b) 18 (c)

Assertion and Reasons

1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (c) 9 (a) 10 (a)
11 (c) 12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (a)

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

Practice Time

1 (a) Given that, As shown in figure the gravitational force acts in

F 3i j downward direction and displacement in upward
direction, therefore, angle between them is = 180°.
S r2 r1 Work done by the gravitational force,
W = Fs cos 180°
2i 3 j 2k
= –Fs (... cos 180° = –1)
We know, F
W F S
W 3i j 2i 3 j 2k
W 6 3 0 mg
W 9J s
2 (b) From law of conservation of momentum, F
P1 P2 P3 0
Let P1 and P2 go off at right angles to each
h other.
P3 P1 P2
mg
2 2
m3 4 1 12 2 8 4 (c) A force is conservative if the work done by the
12 2
16 2 force in moving the particle around any closed
path is zero. Therefore, force of friction is the non-
20 conservative force.
20 5 (c) It follows that the weight lifter must exert an equal
m3
4 and opposite force of 2750 N on the barbell.
5 kg The work done in lifting the barbell is therefore
W = Fd cosθ = (2750 N) (2.4 m) (cos0) ≈ 7000 J.
3 (b) External force is applied on the body to lift it in
Using the same equation, it follows that the work
upward direction against its weight, therefore,
done to hold the barbell in place is
angle between the applied force and displacement
W = Fd cosθ = (2750 N) (0 m) (cosθ) = 0 J.
is = 0°
Because the barbell is held in place and there is no
Work done by the applied force, displacement, the work done is zero.
W = F.s This is closest to option (c).
= Fs cosθ 6 (c) Let assume the mass of chain hanging down is m
= Fs cos 0° while it’s length is l
= Fs (... cos 0° = 1) Total length of chain is L while total mass is M.
i.e., the sign of work done by applied force is positive.
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