IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.

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ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 08, Issue 8 (August. 2018), ||V (VI) || PP 06-10

Design and Performance Analysis of a Grid Connected Solar

Photovoltaic System
Safiya Anjum1, Saima Beg2
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow
2Assistant professor,Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow
Corresponding Author: Safiya Anjum1

Abstract: A solar photovoltaic system is a technology that converts sunlight into direct current electricity by
using semiconductors. Designing a 100kWp grid-connected solar photovoltaic system many components are
used like as a solar photovoltaic module, inverter, earthing protection, cable, grid protection and mounting
structure. This solar system is installed at integral university which is placed in Lucknow. Latitude of the
Lucknow is 26.85degree N and longitude of the Lucknow is 80.94 degree. Annual average isolation is
4.27kwh/m2/day. PVSYST is a simulation software which is used in designing of a solar photovoltaic system.
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Date of Submission: 16-08-2018 Date of acceptance: 03-09-2018
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I. INTRODUCTION
The tendency for India's energy consumption out of conventional sources is establish to increase with
improved industrialization and civilization features of the society. The estimated electricity consumption
increased from 882,592GWh during 2013-14 to during 1,122kwh/capita 2016-17. The increase in electricity
consumption is 7.07% from 2013-14 (882,592GWh) to 2016-17 (1,122kWh/capita) of the total consumption of
electricity in 2016-17, industry sector accounted for the largest share (40.01%), followed by residential
(24.32%), agriculture (18.33%), traction (1.61%) and commercial sectors (9.22%).[1] The electricity
consumption in the Industry sector and commercial sector has increased at a much faster pace compared to other
sectors during 2013-14 to 2016-17. India is the world's third largest consumer of electricity and third largest
producer of electricity.
A solar photovoltaic is a power system that is considered to supply efficient solar energy with the help
of photovoltaics. A Solar PV System may also use a solar maximum power tracking system to improve the
system's overall performance and include an integrated battery solution, as prices for storage devices are
expected to decline. Grid-connected PV system, Rooftop PV system, off-grid PV system is the type of solar
photovoltaic system. In a grid-connected photovoltaic system power generated from the system is exported to
the grid through the inverter and export-import meter. Power generated from a solar module is Direct Current
which is converted to Alternating Current using Inverter before feeding it to a grid. During maximum load
period like holidays, the weekend the extra power produced from solar systems could be fed to the grid. Off-grid
solar PV system consists of the roof or ground-mounted solar panels, a battery bank to collect energy and an
inverter or charger to act as an interface between the different inputs.

1.1Abbreviations and Units

AC Alternative Current
DC Direct Current
BOS Balance of System
PV Photovoltaic System
AM Air Mass
PR Performance Ratio
PSH Peak Sun Hours
SPV Solar Photovoltaic
Tamb Ambient temperature
TMY Typical Metrological year
STC Standard Test Condition (1000W/m2)
FF Fill Factor
Voc Open Circuit Voltage
Isc Short Circuit Current

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 Design And Performance Analysis Of A Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

GHI Global Horizontal Irradiance

MPPT Maximum power point tracker
MPP Maximum Power point

II. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

2.1 Solar Photovoltaic Module:
Solar PV module absorbs the solar radiation and directly convert solar energy into electricity. Solar PV
module uses solar radiation from the sun to produce electricity through the photovoltaic effect. A module is
generated by 30-36 cells in series, which produces 15-18 volts, enough to charge a 12V battery. Modules are
interrelated in parallel to form arrays to attain higher current. A single module can generate the only a limited
amount of power. PV module is connected in series the voltage potential is increased. When the PV module are
connected in parallel current potential is increased. The output from a solar panel depends upon some conditions
such as fill factor, ambient temperature and intensity of incidence light.

2.2 Inverter:
An inverter is an electrical converter which is used to adapt the variable direct current output of PV
solar module into a utility frequency AC that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid and off-grid electrical
network. Solar inverters have various utility reformed for consumption with photovoltaic arrays, including
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and anti-islanding protection. [2] The PV module generates DC at a
voltage, which depends on the design and solar energy. Inverters generally used in big scale applications are
significant inverters that offer easy installation and high efficiency.

2.3 Charge controller and Batteries:

Charge controllers are included in most photovoltaic systems to protect the batteries from overcharge
or avoidable discharge. Overcharging can boil the electrolyte from the battery and cause failure. Allowing the
battery to be discharged too much will cause impulsive battery failure and possible damage to the load. The
charge controller is a critical element in the Photovoltaic system. [3]
Batteries are commonly, used as a backup source in such application. Batteries are used to reduce the
cost of the system. Batteries feed the load when photovoltaic output energy is less the load demand.

III. PVSYST
PVsyst integrates simulation of a PV system with evaluation of its pre-feasibility, sizing and financial
analysis, no matter whether it is a grid-connected, stand-alone, DC grid system. Mainly meteorological stations
in PVsyst are referenced to the definite ones, otherwise the data is inserted between 3 closest stations. PVsyst is
a simulation tool which was developed by André Mermoud.[4]

3.1 LOCATION DETAILS AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE PROPOSED LOCATION:
In PVSYST, the renewable source input can be the coordinates of the place.Based on place
coordinates, data can be retrieved from NASA website dealing with Meteorological data. The usual solar energy
in proposed locationi.e in Lucknow which is at latitude 26.85 North and longitude80.94‘Eastis 4.27kW/m2 day.
Solar radiance is high (above the normal) from March to May, with a highest in the month of April, while solar
radiance (below the normal) from June to December.Fig 1.Shows the solar irradiation data at the proposed site
which is used in the simulation.

Fig.1 Monthly Meteorological data for the proposed location

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 Design And Performance Analysis Of A Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

IV. SIMULATION RESULT:

4.1 Design of PV Panel:
PVSYST deals a database of photovoltaic module based on power, the technology and the constructer.
The electrical parameters such as MPPT and Temperature coefficient, efficiency and the FF are considered
while choosing a photovoltaic module. The maximum watt peak of a certain array is considered. Simulations
were run for a panel at Standard Test Conditions(STC) 1000w/s2 and Nominal Operating Collector Temperature
(NOTC) of 25degree C, mounted modules with an air mass 1.5 .The I/V characteristics of the selected module
are shown in fig 2.

Figure 2. I/V characteristics at different Irradiance level

4.2 Design of Inverter:

Optimization technique is used to reducing the losses, the mismatch losses for the inverter are to be
reduced the cost of the system. For a 50kW inverter the mismatch losses are high compared to that of a less
nominal voltage. Therefore in this study 20kW inverters are used with the operating voltage of 330-800V.
Maximum efficiency of inverter is 97.8%.the efficiency curve as a function of the output is shown in the fig 3.
The inverter irradiance distribution is shown in figure 4.

Figure 3. Efficiency Curve of the Inverter

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 Design And Performance Analysis Of A Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

Figure 4 Inverter Irradiation distribution

V. RESULT:
The losses have been reduced by different combinations of strings, modules and also the inverter
capacity. The detailed losses have been described in fig 5 and fig 6. However the Energy injected into the grid
per year was found to be about 210MWh with an array virtual energy of 210MWh. Fig 7 shows the effective
power at output of array , percentage efficiency of the array and percentage efficiency of the photovoltaic
system, which was found to be 205381kWh, 13.40% and 13.75% respectively.

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Fig 5.Yearly Loss diagram of PV array and Inverter

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 Design And Performance Analysis Of A Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

Fig 6. Monthly Loss Diagram of PV Array and Inverter

Fig 7. Simulation Results

VI. CONCLUSION:
For the renewable energy system mainly solar energy system the major feature in reducing the cost and
optimally sizing the system. In implementation and sizing of grid connected photovoltaic system several
methods like PVsyst, RCTscreen are used. In this paper optimal size of PV, inverter of a grid-connected PV
system for proposed location in Lucknow has been examined by using PVSYST as a software tool.

REFRENCES:
[1]. http://solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-irradiance.html
[2]. A practical technique for connecting PV generator to single-phase grid Amal Marrekchi ⇑, Soulaymen
Kammoun, Souhir Sallem, Mohamed Ben Ali Kammoun
[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System
[4]. www.PVSYST.com
[5]. https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse

Safiya Anjum ͞Design And Performance Analysis Of A Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic
System.͟ IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), vol. 08, no. 8, 2018, pp. 06-10.

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