Intro

There is no limit to the biodiversity a place could ever have, anything can be possibly discovered
if further investigations hold. Dr. Yanga’s Colleges Inc. holds a variety of species that are
welcome to supplement the biodiversity of its place. Helping each organism to achieve
equilibrium to support life. This particular taxonomic inventory will tackle the organisms that are
overlooked due to their size, though are seen through a microscope. These are Bryophytes, which
are also called moss, and Algae.

Starting with Bryophytes, a group name for moss, play a vital role in their environment as they
absorb nutrients and water to release them back into their ecosystem, as well as colonize sterile
soils to contribute to the formation of new soil for plants to thrive in (PerezJI, 2021). They are
mostly found in places you normally do not look into as much, like the cracks in walls,
pavement, and many more. Meaning that they can appear in different environments, and
reproduce through their spores as air carries them. Furthermore, Algae
Is known to be Eukaryotic and is predominantly known to be located in water. They also contain
chlorophyll, which means they undergo photosynthesis and provide the Earth’s oxygen. Known
for being common, its chemical compositions and bioactive substances are utilized in many
fields of industries (Ścieszka & Klewicka, 2019). These fascinating organisms can be found all
around the secluded areas of DYCI, it is important to know their functions and how humans
should be giving more recognition to them.

Lewin, R. A., & Andersen, R. A. (1999, July 26). Algae | Definition, Characteristics, Classification, Examples, &

Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/algae

PerezJI. (2021, February 22). Bryophytes. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

https://stri.si.edu/story/bryophytes

Ścieszka, S., & Klewicka, E. (2018). Algae in food: a general review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and

Nutrition, 59(21), 3538–3547. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1496319

Schofield, W. B. (2024, January 19). Bryophyte | Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Examples, & Facts.

Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/bryophyte

 Species Identification: Cladophora glomerata

Common Name: Green Algae

Local Name: ( Lumut)

Location:

Found in rocks located next to the fish pond in the building of the senior high school.

Species Description:

Cladophora is a type of green algae belonging to the Cladophoraceae family. It is

commonly found attached to rocks or timbers in shallow lakes and streams, with some species
also occurring in marine environments. While certain Cladophora species inhabit oceans, the
majority are freshwater dwellers, particularly favoring shallow lakes or streams with rocky or
branch-like surfaces for attachment. However, certain species, such as Cladophora glomerata,
can become nuisance in recreational bodies of water. (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia
,2017) Cladophora typically exhibits dichotomous or sub-dichotomous branching, with branches
originating just below cross walls. Its growth occurs apically and/or intercalary. The cells of
Cladophora are cylindrical to barrel-shaped and contain parietal and net-like chloroplasts,
multiple nuclei, and numerous bilenticular pyrenoids ( ScienceDirect Topics, n.d.) . It is
commonly found in unshaded waters, especially during low flow in summer. Problematic levels
of Cladophora growth are observed in lakes with rocky shorelines and high phosphate levels, and
it appears to be more prevalent in warmer streams further north in New Zealand (Manaaki
Whenua. n.d.). The diagnostic features of Cladophora include its branched filamentous structure,
with large cylindrical cells forming long, regularly branched growths. The cells contain multiple
round chloroplasts, which often form a net-like structure. The chloroplasts also contain pyrenoids
composed of two halves (bilenticular). Despite the presence of cross-walls at regular intervals,
the large cells of Cladophora remain multinucleate. Branches originate from sideways
protrusions of cell ends below the apex, and the frequency of branching is influenced by the
strength of the current (Manaaki Whenua, n.d.).

Origin Description:

Cladophora is a highly diverse and widespread genus of green algae. It can be found on
every continent and inhabits a wide range of environments, from nutrient-poor to nutrient-rich
freshwater, brackish waters, and marine environments. Some species of Cladophora attach to
substrates, while others are free-living. Certain species can form spherical mats known as
"cladophora balls" that can reach up to ten centimeters in diameter. In these habitats,
multicellular, filamentous, and branched green algae are often identified as members of the
Cladophora genus.

Although the genus Cladophora is easily recognizable, differentiating between

Cladophora species is challenging due to the significant variation that can occur within a species.
Factors such as habitat, age, and environmental conditions like nutrient and light levels and water
flow rates contribute to this variation. The German phycologist Friedrich Kützing first described
the Cladophora genus in 1843, distinguishing it from the previously used Conferva genus by
Linnaeus. Kützing described numerous new species without fully recognizing the extensive
morphological variation that can exist within a single species. Subsequent taxonomists further
complicated the classification, resulting in over 1,000 recognized species by the 1960s when
phycologist Christiaan van den Hoek began studying the genus. (The BRAHMS Project, U. of O.
n.d.)

Currently, at least 400 species of Cladophora are recognized, but distinguishing between
them requires careful examination of minute characteristics. Additionally, the sexual and asexual
phases of the Cladophora lifecycle closely resemble each other, adding to the complexity of
species differentiation. (The BRAHMS Project, U. of O. n.d.)
Conservation Description:

Based on a study titled "An Ecological Review of Cladophora glomerata in the

Laurentian Great Lakes," it has been found that Cladophora glomerata is a macroalga that is
potentially found in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. It has been observed in various regions
including North America, Europe, Atlantic Islands, Caribbean Islands, Asia, Africa, Australia,
New Zealand, and Pacific Islands. In the past, Cladophora blooms were common in the lower
North American Great Lakes (Erie, Michigan, Ontario) from the 1950s to the early 1980s.
However, these blooms were largely eliminated through a phosphorus abatement program. Since
the mid-1990s, there has been a resurgence of widespread blooms in these lakes, but this time it
is not associated with increased phosphorus loading. Instead, it is believed that the resurgence of
blooms is directly linked to changes in substratum availability, water clarity, and phosphorus
recycling caused by the establishment of dense colonies of invasive dreissenid mussels. This
suggests that the invasion of dreissenid mussels can cause significant shifts in energy and
nutrient flow from the pelagic zones to the benthic zone.

IUCN Status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:

Domain: Eukaryote

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Chlorophyta

Class: Ulvophyceae

Order: Cladophorales

Family: Cladophoraceae

Genus: Clodophora

Specie: Clodophora glomerata

References:

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, May 26). Cladophora. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/Cladophora

[Cladophora Glomerata] (Cladophoraceae). Manaaki Whenua. (n.d.).

https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/tools-and-resources/identification/freshwater-algae/identificat
ions-guide/filamentous/filaments-microscopic/filaments-are-branched/branch-points-roughly-equal/branc
hes-divide-in-tree-like-manner/filaments-are-one-cell-wide/cladophora-glomerata-cladophoraceae/#:~:tex
t=Branched%20filamentous%20chlorophyte%20with%20large,of%20two%20halves%20(bilenticular).

The BRAHMS Project, U. of O. (n.d.). Oxford University plants 400: Cladophora species.

https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/CD/Cladophora

Cladophora glomerata. Cladophora glomerata - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cladophora-glomerata

( Higgins S.N, Malkin S.Y, Howell E.T , Guildford S.J, Campbell L., Baer V.H., Hecky R.E.). (n.d.). An
ecological review of Cladophora ...

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00538.x
 Species Identification: (Possibly) Ulothrix

Ulothrix tenuissima Kützing (F.T. Kützing, 1833)

Common name: Swedish: Skvalpalg (Tolstoy & Österlund 2003).

Local Name: ( Lumut)

Location:
Found on a tree in front of the grounds of the Chapel of DYCI.

Species Description:

Ulothrix is a Genus from the Ulotrichaceae family and is commonly known as green
algae. It is a freshwater species that has filamentous structures that are unbranched and
occasionally has cylindrical cells that are clear. Due to the transparency of these cells, the
location of their chloroplasts, nuclei, and cell walls are easily observed under the microscope.
Regarding its Vegetative Reproduction, is conducted by its filament fragmentation and
reproduces sexually through biflagellate gametes to produce zoospores.
Origin Description:

Ulothrix thrives in marine or freshwater environments, taking advantage of the tree that
has damp wood on the premises of the school. These do not thrive in stagnant waters that carry
little nutrition, are common in nutrient-rich environments, and attach themselves to objects like
rocks, wood, and damp soil.

Conservation Description:

A recent study titled “Microplastic pollution of Ulothrix filamentous algae in Western

Lake Superior” has investigated that filamentous algae, specifically Ulothrix, has been
contaminated with microplastics with no clear findings of its origins. It also proposes the
presence of non-fluorescing plastics to be the majority found, that can turn transparent over time.
This poses a possible threat to the environment due to its polluted place and the overgrowth of
algae, and cyanobacteria to release toxins and form algal blooms within its area.

IUCN status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Ulvophyceae
Order: Ultotrichales
Family: Ulotrichaceae
Genus: Ulothrix
Species: Ulothrix Kützing

References:

Ulothrix Kützing, 1833 :: AlgaeBase. (n.d.).

 https://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=32816&fbclid=IwAR2KCFdct
HpDN3CVxRToEqnfOTfwaboilhpf3hc_M6Q1t2MA3a2kTemMcRQ

AlgaeTraits - Ulothrix Kützing, 1833. (n.d.).

https://www.algaetraits.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=144287&fbclid=IwAR02llfOXrA

fOrh-fMVkXtoiHd0ZXcH0Xvj8v7Srpb0SnOiyVLDZnimjGqU

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998, July 20). Ulothrix | Description &

Reproduction. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Ulothrix

Denison, A. (2022, April 1). Microplastic pollution of Ulothrix Filamentous Algae in Western

Lake Superior. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/83865

The effects: dead zones and harmful algal blooms | US EPA. (2024, January 3). US EPA.

https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/effects-dead-zones-and-harmful-algal-blooms
 Species Identification: Chlorella

Common name: Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck 1890)

Local Name: ( Lumut)

Location:
Behind the chapel near to the men’s comfort room

Species Description:
Chlorella is a genus of about thirteen species of single-celled green algae of the division
Chlorophyta. The cells are spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and are without
flagella. Their chloroplasts contain the green photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll-a and -b.

In ideal conditions, cells of Chlorella multiply rapidly, requiring only carbon dioxide,
water, sunlight, and a small amount of minerals to reproduce¹. The name Chlorella is taken from
the Greek χλώρος, chlōros/ khlōros, meaning green, and the Latin diminutive suffix ella,
meaning small.

Chlorella vulgaris, one of the species of Chlorella, are green, single-celled microalgae.
The green color comes from the chloroplasts that the algae use to make food through
photosynthesis. This algae was discovered in 1890 and it was the first algae where a cell nucleus
was recognized.
 As a food source, Chlorella yields oils that are high in polyunsaturated fats. Chlorella
minutissima has yielded eicosapentaenoic acid at 39.9% of total lipids. Chlorella has been
considered as a source of food and energy because its photosynthetic efficiency can reach 8%,
which exceeds that of other highly efficient crops such as sugar cane.

Origin Description
Chlorella is a green eukaryotic microalga that has been present on Earth since the
Precambrian period. This unicellular alga was discovered in 1890 by Martinus Willem
Beijerinck, who was the first to recognize a cell nucleus in a microalga. Chlorella is found either
singly or clustered in fresh or salt water and in soil. It has been extensively used in
photosynthetic studies, in mass cultivation experiments, and for purifying sewage effluents.
Because the algae multiply rapidly and are rich in proteins and B-complex vitamins, several
species have also been studied as a potential food product for humans both on Earth and in outer
space.

Conservation Description
Chlorella, a type of green algae, plays a significant role in various ecosystems and
industries. It is used in aquaculture as a natural filter and nutrient recycler, improving water
quality and providing a well-balanced diet for aquatic animals. This eco-friendly approach also
enhances fish immune systems, growth rates, and survival rates.

Chlorella grows best in a slightly alkaline environment with a pH range of 7.5-9.5. It is

important to monitor and adjust the pH regularly to maintain optimal conditions. Alkalinity,
which refers to the buffering capacity of water, should also be maintained within the appropriate
range.

However, the large-scale production and commercialization of Chlorella face challenges.

Safety of Chlorella to fish is a crucial issue that requires careful evaluation, with hematology
being an essential tool to assess its effects on fish health and physiology. Studies show that
Chlorella is safe for fish and does not have adverse effects on growth, survival, or immune
system function.

The use of Chlorella shows promise as an alternative treatment for bacterial fish
pathogens in aquaculture due to its antibacterial properties, safety, and sustainability. However,
challenges such as cost-effectiveness and standardization need to be addressed for successful
implementation in the aquaculture industry.
 In conclusion, while Chlorella is not evaluated on the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species, it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems and contributes
to sustainable aquaculture practices.

IUCN status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy List:

Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Trebouxiophyceae
Order: Chlorellales
Family: Chlorellaceae
Genus: Chlorella
Species: Vulgaris

References:
florahealthint. (n.d.). Chlorella. Florahealthint. Retrieved February 15, 2024, from
https://intl.florahealth.com/blogs/herbal-encyclopedia/chlorella

Lefton, J. (2022, October 27). What Is Chlorella and How Is It Used? Verywell Health.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-chlorella-89048

Chlorella: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning. (2013). Webmd.com.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-907/chlorella

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2018). Chlorella | Description & Uses. In

Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Chlorella

Sumarni Hamid Aly, et al. “Chlorella in Aquaculture: Challenges, Opportunities, and Disease
Prevention for Sustainable Development.” Aquaculture International, 14 Aug. 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01229-x.
Johnston, Anna . “Mastering Chlorella Cultivation: A Guide to Successful Growth | ShunCy.”
Shuncy.com, 26 June 2023,
shuncy.com/article/grow-chlorella. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.

Burja, Adam M., et al. “Identification of the Green Alga,Chlorella Vulgaris(SDC1) Using
Cyanobacteria Derived 16S RDNA Primers: Targeting the Chloroplast.” FEMS Microbiology
Letters, vol. 202, no. 2, Aug. 2001, pp. 195–203,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10803.x. Accessed 19 Nov. 2020.

“Chlorella Vulgaris.” Www.micropia.nl,

www.micropia.nl/en/discover/microbiology/chlorella-vulgaris/.
 Species Identification: Pediastrum sp.

Common name: Pediastrum duplex meyen

Local Name: ( Lumut)

Location:

Fish pond in front of senior high school building

Species description:

The colonial Thalli are composed of 4-64 (-128) celled coenobia, with a diameter of
15-400 &m, organized in a flat, circular to oval plate that is one cell thick. Cells consisting of 16
or more usually form concentric rings, with a specific number of cells in each ring. The disc may
be continuous or have holes in it. Ring development is influenced by the behavior of zoospores
during coenobial formation. The morphology of the 8–32 &m diameter cells varies greatly; the
center cells are usually polyhedral, having four to many sides, while the periphery cells are
similar or have one or two horn-like processes. Often lacking the bristles of core cells, peripheral
cells have them. Walls of cells might be strongly granulate, delicately reticulate, or smooth. Cells
proliferate, disperse, have one or more pyrenoid per cell, and single and parietal chloroplasts.
Once biflagellate zoospores are produced, asexual reproduction primarily occurs through
coenobial development.

Origin of species:
 Pediastrum is a genus of green algae that inhabits freshwater environments. Found in
nutrient-rich lakes and ponds' plankton. Frequently plentiful in sewage ponds, especially in the
spring and summer. It belongs to the Hydrodictyaceae family of green algae. Pediastrum colonies
are characterized by peripheral projections that resemble horns and have a disk shape.

Conservation of species:

Depending on the species, a colony might have anywhere from 2 to 128 cells.
Mature cells can have up to eight nuclei, while young cells are uninucleate. The contents of the
cells divide during asexual reproduction to produce motile spores, which organize into colonies
before being released. Gametes that are mobile reproduce sexually.

As a primary producer, pediastrum is crucial because it transforms carbon dioxide and

light energy into oxygen and nutrients that are useful. In this sense, algae serve as a major
component of much bigger food chains and serve as a food supply for numerous species that
resemble animals.

IUCN Status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomic listing:

Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Plantae
Subkingdom:
Viridiplantae
Infrakingdom:
Chlorophyta infrakingdom
Phylum:
Chlorophyta
Subphylum:
Chlorophytina
Class:
Chlorophyceae
Order:
Sphaeropleales
Family:
Hydrodictyaceae
Genus:
Pediastrum

Reference links :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344374524_Some_Pediastrum_species_Chlorophyce
ae_from_Laguna_de_Bay_Philippines_and_its_vicinities
https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=27511

McManus, H.A. & Lewis, L.A. (2011). Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family
Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on Pediatrum duplex. Journal of
Phycology 47(1): 152-163.

Michael Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 10 July 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic
publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; searched on 15 February
2024

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, May 11). Pediastrum. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Pediastrum
https://www.micropia.nl/en/discover/microbiology/pediastrum-boryanum/#:~:text=P
ediastrum%20plays%20an%20important%20role,in%20many%20larger%20food%20c
hains.
 Species identification: Rhizoclonium tortuosum

Common name: Green algae

Local name: (Lumut)

Location:

The specific sample that is in the picture was found on the rocks beside the fishpond.

Species description:

Rhizoclonium tortuosum is a green algae from the family of Cladophoraceae. It appears

to have long and large cells, and this specific Rhizoclonium also appears to be green in color. On
the top left of the picture, one can see the edges of the cells Which makes the cell wall a little
visible. The edge is round but is almost rectangular. At the bottom of the picture, one can see it
branching out and appears to also have a round end.

Origin description:

Rhizoclonium is in the family of Cladophoraceae and is a genus of green algae. It is

capable of turning light into chemical energy, which makes them autotrophs. It has thread-like,
mat forming structures, and can be used as a raw material to make paper because it has the same
morphology to wood fiber. Rhizoclonium also contains a highly crystalline native cellulose.

Conservation description

Rhizoclonium can be found in different environments but its common habitat are
freshwater environments, marine, and also brackish waters. Basically, on wet areas such as
rivers. These green algaes is scattered around the world. There are 64 species of Rhizoclonium
but only 32 are taxonomically accepted.

IUCN status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomic listing:
Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Ulvophyceae
Order: Cladophorales
Family: Cladophoraceae
Genus: Rhizoclonium
Species: Rhizoclonium tortuosum

References:

Salaeh, S., Kongjan, P., Panphon, S., Hemmanee, S., Reungsang, A., & Jariyaboon, R. (2019).
Feasibility of ABE fermentation from Rhizoclonium spp. hydrolysate with low nutrient
supplementation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 127, 105269.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105269

Hwang, P., Wong, S., & Liu, Y. (2022). A comparison of cooking conditions of rhizoclonium
pulp as a substitute for wood pulp. Polymers, 14(19), 4162.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194162

WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Rhizoclonium tortuosum (Dillwyn) Kützing, 1845.
(n.d.). https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=145076

Rhizoclonium kützing 1843 - Encyclopedia of Life. (n.d.). https://eol.org/pages/9704

Aroca, G., Ramírez, M., Robotham, H., & Ávila, M. (2020). Morphological and reproductive
studies on the green filamentous pest Rhizoclonium-like affecting Agarophyton chilensis
commercial farms in southern Chile. Aquatic Botany, 167, 103291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103291

[Rhizoclonium] (Cladophoraceae). (n.d.). Manaaki Whenua.

https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/tools-and-resources/identification/freshwater-algae/id
entifications-guide/filamentous/filaments-microscopic/filaments-are-unbranched/chloropl
asts-visible-inside-cells-are-green-or-yellow-green/cell-wall-is-smooth-and-featureless/rh
izoclonium-cladophoraceae/
 Species identification: Tetraspora sp.

Common name: Green algae

Local name: (Lumut)

Location:
Fish pond near SHS Building

Species Description:

Tetraspora is a genus of green algae belonging to the family Chlorococcaceae. It typically

forms spherical colonies composed of two or four cells arranged in a tetrahedral pattern. Each
cell contains a single chloroplast and a pyrenoid, which is a specialized structure for starch
storage.

Origin Description:

Tetraspora algae have a wide distribution and can be found in various freshwater habitats
worldwide. They are not restricted to a specific geographic origin but are instead adapted to
diverse environmental.
Conservation Description:

Tetraspora species are not typically targeted for conservation efforts individually, but
they play a role in freshwater ecosystems as primary producers and contributors to nutrient
cycling. The conservation status of Tetraspora populations depends on the health of their
respective habitats.

IUCN Status:

( No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:

Domain:Eukaryote
Kingdom:Plantae
Phylum:Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order:Chlamydomonadales
Family:Tetrasporaceae
Genus: Tetraspora
Specie: Tetraspora pouchetii

References:

Baker, A.L. et al. 2012. Phycokey -- an image based key to Algae (PS Protista), Cyanobacteria,
and other aquatic objects. University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology.
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/phycokey.htm

Wanka, F. 1973. Green Algae: Lembi, C. A., et al. Cytology. Ardent Media.

https://books.google.com/books/about/Green_Algae_Lembi_C_A_et_al_Cytology.html?i
d=pRRkjMDWErMC

[tetraspora-like colonies] (Tetrasporaceae). Manaaki Whenua. (n.d.)

 .
https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/tools-and-resources/identification/freshwater-algae/id
entifications-guide/colonial/cell-contents-chloroplasts-when-present-are-green-or-blue-gr
een/cells-contain-membrane-bound-organelles-chloroplasts-nuclei-etc-and-cell-contents-
are-grass-green/approx-spherical-cells-embedded-in-a-mass-of-jelly/tetraspora-like-colon
ies-tetrasporaceae/
 Species Identification: Barbula unguiculata Hedw. (1801)
Common name: Bird's claw beard moss
Local name: Lumot
Location:
Found in concrete wall behind the senior high school building

Species Description:
Barbula unguiculata is an unbranched short moss that forms a bright yellow-green cluster
or mats of moss. When moistened, the leaves are spread out and oblong. They display tight
twisted lime-green leaves that are pressed against the stem when dry.
This Barbula unguiculata is captured using a mobile microscope situated at a concrete
wall in one of the Senior High School buildings at Dr. Yanga's College Inc. Bocaue Bulacan

Origin Description :

B. unguiculata thrive on the eutrophic ground (a body of water rich in nutrients to support
plant population). While this moss sometimes occurs in semi-natural areas, it is more typical of
disturbed habitats, especially where soil-covered limestone, pavements, or concrete occurs.

Conservation Description:

According to the data from GBIF B unguiculata is widely distributed in eastern North
America and Europe, but rare in the tropics and the Arctic, with, for instance, only two known
sites in Mexico and a single one north of the Arctic tree line. This is because the spore-bearing
capsules mature only during cool to cold moist weather from autumn to spring, including
above-freezing weather such as in winter days.

IUCN Status:

(No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Order: Pottiales
Family: Pottiaceae
Genus: Barbula Hedw.
Species: B. unguiculata

References:
Barbula unguiculata Hedw. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset
https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-02-15

Bánki, O. (2023, November 27). Catalogue of Life Checklist. www.gbif.org.

https://doi.org/10.48580/dfgnm

Barbula unguiculata - British Bryological Society. (2023, January 3). British Bryological Society.

https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/learning/species-finder/barbula-unguiculata/

Common Beard Moss (Barbula unguiculata). (n.d.).

https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/mosses/plants/cm_beardmoss.html
 Species Identification: Selaginella Uncinta
Common name: Spike moss
Local name: Lumot

Location:
Aquarium inside the bio lab
Species Description:
Similar to other parts of the selaginellaceae family, this type of selaginella reproduces via
spores that are produced in sporangia in the axils of its leaves, called sporophylls. Selaginella
uncinta remains small, making it more fitting for terrariums in moist areas. Its stems are crawling
or trailing, most of the time thin and wiry, and form dense clusters.The leaves are pointed and
have a hooked tip; they are organized in two rows from the stem and have a distinct blue-green
coloration that resembles the feathers of a peacock. The texture is described as feathery and fine,
with a waxy or feathery feel. Stem and have a distinct blue-green coloration that resembles the
feathers of a peacock. The texture is described as feathery and fine, with a waxy or feathery feel.

Origin Description:

Selaginella uncinta's origin lies within the evolutionary history of spikemosses in the
selaginellaceae family. Its lineage developed to adapt to environmental changes over millions of
years. This species has evolved traits that allow it to survive in specific conditions in its habitat.
like its size, crawling habitat, and adaptation to humid and shaded environments. because this
natural selection has shaped the physical and genetic characteristics of spikemosses to optimize
their survival and reproduction within their ecological places. Regardless of being native to
central and south America, you can still find spikemosses in every part of the world. Selaginella
uncintas disperes spores have led to their presence in other tropical and subtropical places with
similar conditions of origin, but their distribution outside of their range may be limited compared
to their populations in their native habitat.

Conservation Description:
Within the family Selaginellaceae, Peacock Moss is the only genus of vascular plants
native to southern China. Its iridescent blue foliage, which is more noticeable in low light, is the
source of its common name. a low-growing, spreading plant with fern-like foliage that is
categorized as a moss.Plant it in terrariums, hanging baskets, containers, and shaded areas of the
garden. a tiny, low-lying groundcover that spreads and is often grown in nurseries, greenhouses,
and along the Gulf Coast. It has blue-green leaves.Cuttings from stems and division make
propagation simple. Division is made simple by roots that emerge from the tips of the foliage.

IUCN Status:
(No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:

Domain: Eukaryot
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Equisetopsida
Order: Selaginellales
Family: Selaginellaceae
Genus: Selaginella
Specie: Selaginella uncinata
Reference:
https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=Awr49udvCM5lGysDlOZXNyoA;_ylu=Y29sbwNncTEEcG9zA
zEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Nj/RV=2/RE=1709210992/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fptop.only.wip.la%3a443%2fhttps%2fpowo.science.
kew.org%2ftaxon%2furn%3alsid%3aipni.org%3anames%3a60467456-2%23%3a~%3atext%3d
Class%2520Equisetopsida%2520Subclass%2520Lycopodiidae%2cOrder%2520Selaginellales%
2520Family%2520Selaginellaceae/RK=2/RS=p5.QLgv7qd91lhrdg5gLfO38Wko-
 Species Identification: Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra, 2004 (Trichostomum, 1828)
Common name: Hoppe's screw moss
(found on rocks)

Location:
In front of the chapel near the sofia library

Species description:
The genus Tortula belongs to the family Pottiaceae and comprises a diverse range of
species. The Tortula hoppeana, commonly known as the Hoppe’s screw moss, is located near the
Sofia Library in front of the Chapel of DYCI. It can be found in moist and dry soil or rocks, with
upright shoots growing either in clusters or dispersed, not shiny, green on the upper surface, and
exhibiting various shades of brown underneath. In terms of reproduction, it specializes in asexual
reproduction through brood bodies on rhizoids, with gemmae found on leaves. The sexual
condition may be dioicous or monoicous (often autoicous or synoicous); perichaetia are terminal,
with inner leaves similar to or slightly larger than the stem leaves. (FNA, 2007)

Origin Description:
Occasionally found in calcareous soil (FNA, 2007), or in soil within stone crevices (Crum
& Anderson et al. 1981), ranging from montane (Lawton, 1971) to alpine and tundra
environments (FNA, 2007).

Conservation Description: According to the data from SiBBr and GBIF, Tortula Hedwig is
commonly found in both South and North America, as well as certain areas in southern Europe.
Meanwhile, Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra is widespread in highland regions across the
area. These moss species are included in the list of plants found mainly or exclusively in
high-mountain and Arctic (subarctic) regions (Pisarenko, 2021). Since the early 1900s, this type
of moss has been observed germinating in various locations in the western region. Active growth
was noted during the years 1970-2009, particularly in January, May, June, and July.

IUCN Status:
 (No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Order: Pottiales
Family: Pottiaceae
Genus: Tortula Hedw.
Species: Tortula hoppeana

References:

MTNHP. (2024, February 14).

https://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=NBMUS25070

Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra. (n.d.). https://www.gbif.org/species/7902341

Tortula hoppeana | NWT Species Search. (n.d.).

https://www.gov.nt.ca/species-search/tortula-hoppeana#reference-naming-W049

Crosby, M. & Magill, R. (2006) Index of Bryophytes 2005 (p. 9). Missouri Botanical Garden.
https://www.mobot.org/mobot/tropicos/most/IOB2005.pdf

Tortula in Flora of North America @ efloras.org. (n.d.).

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=133162

S. (n.d.). Search: taxon_concept_lsid:"362464" | Occurrence records | SiBBr.

https://ala-hub.sibbr.gov.br/ala-hub/occurrences/search?q=lsid:362464#tab_chartsView

Pisarenko, O. (2021) Arctic-Alpine species in the bryoflora of the Altai-Sayan mountain region. BIO
Web of Conferences.
https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2021/10/bioconf_napd2021_00100.pdf
 Species Identification: (Gemmabryum caespiticium) (Hedwig. 1801)
Common Name: Bryum caespiticium

Location:
Rocks beside the complex

Species Description:
Bryum caespiticium grows in compact tufts and has an acrocarp growth form. Each shoot
reaches a modest height of 0.5-1 cm. The moss has leaves that are 2-3 mm in size and are
grouped densely at the tops of the stems. The plant binds itself beneath these tufts with thick
papillose rhizoids, filaments that act as vital anchors. The leaves of Bryum caespiticium exhibit a
subtle twist when they are dry, which gives its botanical allure an additional dimension.

Origin Description:
Bryum caespiticium is a multipurpose moss species that grows well in a variety of
environments, from pristine natural settings to urban landscapes. This hardy moss grows well in
areas with lots of moisture, such as places close to sprinklers, rain gutters, or damp walls. It
thrives on bare soil, rocks, and concrete surfaces. Due to its adaptability, it can be found
frequently in both natural and man-made environments.
Conservation Description:
Bryum caespiticium exhibits remarkable solar tolerance, showcasing resistance to intense
sunlight. It takes on an alluring change when wet or damp, becoming a vivid emerald green that
contrasts sharply with its surroundings. This moss species is even more fascinating within the
moss family because it resembles Bryum radiculosum, also known as Wall Thread-moss, in a
striking way.

IUCN status:
 (No recent recordings have been published.)

Taxonomy Description:
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Bryophyta (mosses)
Class: Bryopsida
Order: Bryales
Family: Bryaceae
Genus: Bryum
Species: Bryum caespiticium

References:
Bryum caespiticium. (n.d.).
https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Bryum-caespiticium.p
df
Bryum caespiticium - British Bryological Society. (2021). British Bryological Society.
https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/learning/species-finder/bryum-caespiticium/?ssp=1
&setlang=en&cc=PH&safesearch=moderate
Bryum caespiticium Hedw. - Biota of NZ. (n.d.).
https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/scientific-names/a28a994d-a31c-41cb-a40b-6215450f2b3c
?ssp=1&setlang=en&cc=PH&safesearch=moderate.org.uk/learning/species-finder/bryum-caespit
icium/?ssp=1&setlang=en&cc=PH&safesearch=moderate
moss-Bryum caespiticium – Ohio Moss and Lichen Association. (n.d.).
https://ohiomosslichen.org/moss-bryum-caespiticium/
Taxonomy list
Summary of findings