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A good tip is to check how many times high authority sites like Google Scholar have cited the
article. This technique will give you a strong indication of which points were clearly communicated
and which weren’t. Something to be conducted at the end of your research. Justification: Your
theoretical framework will justify your choice of topic by giving out sufficient data about similar
theories to the reader. How to Write a Literature Review: 5 Steps for Clear and Meaningful 1.
Finally, tighten it up and send it off to your supervisor for comment. Yes, the literature review
should ideally be written in the past tense. It is important to be careful in noting the references
already at this stage, so as to avoid misattributions. A literature review I am currently working on,
for example, explores. This form proves to be the most successful in the analysis of multidisciplinary
works. The literature represents background and research developments related to a specific research
question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way. Take notes and cite your sources As
you read, you should also begin the writing process. Follow the organizational structure you
developed above, including the headings and subheadings you constructed. You cannot categorize
the information provided by electronic sources, but here are some tips for using them: 1)
acknowledge that anyone can post information on the Internet, so the quality may vary, and 2)
information posted on the web for general audiences may not be appropriate data for your Lit
Review (general audiences tend to need less detail and scholarly information). If you are noticing
patterns in your sources, arranging them by the trends they suggest may be the most obvious
structure. You could also use a reference manager like Paperpile to automatically save, manage, and
cite your references. Remember that any error in planning could compromise your entire research. Be
sure to thoroughly extrapolate what your analysis of the case can tell the reader about situations or
literature review case study example beyond the actual case that was studied while, literature review
case study example, at the same time, being careful not to misconstrue or conflate a finding that
undermines the external validity of your conclusions. In your academic course, a literature review is
an essential part of the research process, as it allows you to obtain an in-depth understanding of your
paper. Access to more recent research than any other consulting service. Synthesize Information
Connect the dots between different studies. A chronological compilation of studies The reason for
conducting a literature review is to: Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students While
this 9-minute video from NCSU is geared toward graduate students, it is useful for anyone
conducting a literature review. For you to identify the gap(s) in the literature and then use this as
justification for your own research topic. You might look at databases including ERIC and Academic
Search Premier. Rely heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. Now, let's explore
some examples of literature reviews that can assist you in crafting your own. Thank you so much for
your guide of video and other instructions for the dissertation writing. Is the research incomplete,
imprecise, biased, or inconsistent. Inevitably, new papers on the reviewed topic (including
independently written literature reviews) will appear from all quarters after the review has been
published, so that there may soon be the need for an updated review. Now you need to find out what
has been written on the topic and search for literature related to your research topic.
You can choose the intellectual lineage you would like to be part of and whose definitions matter
most to your thinking (mostly humanities-specific, but this goes for sciences as well). If you’re
working with Grad Coach, this is a good time to have your Research Specialist review your chapter.
A literature review is an assessment of the sources in a chosen topic of research. Finally, tighten it up
and send it off to your supervisor for comment. Suggest Areas for Further Research Although your
case study may offer important insights about the research problem, there are likely additional
questions related to the problem that remain unanswered or findings that unexpectedly revealed
themselves as a result of your in-depth analysis of the case. In discussing your themes, are you just
summarizing or critiquing. Literature reviews are most commonly found in theses and dissertations.
Make sure to select appropriate source material, which means using academic or scholarly sources,
including books, reports, journal articles, government documents and web resources. ?? If you’re
unsure about how to tell if a source is scholarly, take a look at our guide on how to identify a
scholarly source. This organizational method fares well if each publication has a different stance.
We’ll get into how to do this in a moment, but let’s start first by talking about the scope of this
chapter. Isn’t it true that writing necessitates a greater amount of effort. It is important to keep track
of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism. Refine your second draft and get a layman’s
perspective on it. The literature represents background and research developments related to a
specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way. Write a literature
review on the emergency room wait time and healthcare quality. Unlike a dissertation research
question, this question has to be answerable without collecting original data. Prevent plagiarism. Run
a free check. To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you
understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Also, without the
bird’s eye view that a catalogue provides, you’ll miss connections between various articles, and have
no view of how the research developed over time. College students often write it as a standalone
project or part of their dissertation or thesis. Create the review protocol In this protocol, the entire
step-by-step procedure for reviewing is defined. However, and regardless of whether you’re
conducting quantitative or qualitative research (or a mixed methods study!), analysis is a critical part
of justifying your proposed study’s methodological approach. These will then be useful in locating
additional sources for your chapter. Write a literature review on the role of hepcidin in the human
body. The conclusion or discussion section at the end may also offer some questions for future
exploration. You are not analyzing the material and coming up with your own, fresh perspective on it.
How does a literature review compare to a research paper. Check our 45 great tips on how to format
and structure the literature review for more advice. So while the top results are relevant, after about
the 4th or 5th article, it becomes completely irrelevant. Don’t be afraid to do more research if you
discover a new thread as you’re writing. Variables: Explain in detail about the variables and the
relationship between them.
Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related
terms. You can add to this list if you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.
Newspaper articles tend to target a general (not specialized) audience; hence, they will not be of use
to your Lit Review. Give it a Once-Over Find out what's good and not-so-good about the research.
Templates for Writing Thesis Statements This template provides a two-step guide for writing thesis
statements. Click the 'cite' button on an article page, and you will receive preloaded citation text in
multiple styles — all you've to do is copy-paste it into your manuscript. First of all, blend discussion
and analysis of different studies together within your paragraphs, avoiding the dreaded “reads like
an annotated bibliography” comment from your reviewers. Learning From Secondary Research
Evaluating Primary Research Additional information. 1: What is a literature review. If you are
writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature
related to your research objectives and questions. Lit reviews can also be standalone pieces, either as
assignments in a class or as publications. Step 1: Choosing a Topic Step 2: Finding Information Step
3: Evaluating Content Step 4: Taking Notes Step 5: Synthesizing Content Step 6: Writing the Review
Step 7: Citing Your Sources Other Helpful Guides Note Taking Tips. At this stage, it’s common to
feel a bit of writer’s block and find yourself procrastinating under the pressure of finally having to
put something on paper. As a note, general reference texts on a theory or subject, or on a particular
methodology, are NOT what you’re looking for. Contradictions and conflicts: Theories, both the
supporting and the contradictory ones, for the research topic. Your literature review should be
guided by your central research question. Many student writers struggle to synthesize because they
feel they don’t have anything to add to the scholars they are citing; here are some strategies to help
you: It often helps to remember that the point of these kinds of syntheses is to show your readers
how you understand your research, to help them read the rest of your paper. Systematic review This
form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question,
which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant
research and collect, report, and analyze data from the studies included in the review. For the first
two parts see Slaying the (literature review) beast: Part 1 and Slaying the (literature review) beast:
Part 2. Some might argue that you should be sending your work to your supervisor sooner than this
(indeed your university might formally require this), but in my experience, supervisors are extremely
short on time (and often patience), so, the more refined your chapter is, the less time they’ll waste on
addressing basic issues (which you know about already) and the more time they’ll spend on valuable
feedback that will increase your mark-earning potential. The task aims to show high school and
college students how to analyze a current situation, determine what problems exist, and develop the
best possible strategy to achieve the desired outcome. The discussion section should relate your case
study results to those found in other studies, particularly if questions raised from prior studies served
as the motivation for choosing your subject of analysis. Step 3: Identify Connections Synthesize
information from selected sources, identifying common themes, patterns, and trends. Utilizes
Evidence: Enhances credibility by citing expert findings and theories. Show Cookie Information
Hide Cookie Information Statistics cookies collect information anonymously. Some scientists may be
overly enthusiastic about what they have published, and thus risk giving too much importance to
their own findings in the review. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast,
rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Paraphrase in your own words to explain authors’
ideas. Think about why this is important for your research. You might argue for the relevance of a
specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your
research. However, a general introduction of the context and, toward the end, a recapitulation of the
main points covered and take-home messages make sense also in the case of reviews. Key to your
literature review is a critical analysis of the literature collected around your topic.
Using your own words will help you avoid plagiarism, which many academic departments take very
seriously. For example, linkages to or disagreements with other theories, questions raised but
unanswered, shortcomings or limitations, and so forth. A literature review can be a part of a research
paper or scholarly article, usually falling after the introduction and before the research methods
sections. All review authors must participate in the development of the protocol. Also, without the
bird’s eye view that a catalogue provides, you’ll miss connections between various articles, and have
no view of how the research developed over time. Fifteen pages for a literature review sounds good,
if it’s an independent type of assignment. Do you transition well not only from paragraph to
paragraph, but from sentence to sentence. This then leads to more specific keyword searches like
faculty resistance, faculty involvement, faculty departure, faculty development, and so on. As a
warm-up exercise, try dropping a possible topic idea into one of the blank spaces below. For each
publication, ask yourself: What question or problem is the author addressing. Print Friendly The
Sheridan Libraries Write a Literature Review Sheridan Libraries Find This link opens in a new
window Evaluate This link opens in a new window What Will You Do Differently. A literature
review is one of those papers that use research in different ways, and it essentially means finding
something to say based on gaps you have identified in your study. Most lit reviews use a basic
introduction-body-conclusion structure; if your lit review is part of a larger paper, the introduction
and conclusion pieces may be just a few sentences while you focus most of your attention on the
body. For this you have to reflect and try to answer the following questions: Is the research area
mature enough, with a lot of published studies. Make a list of keywords Start by creating a list of
keywords related to your research topic. Have I cited and discussed studies contrary to my
perspective. Explore the literature that examines the interdependence between evidence and practice
in healthcare. This is the case when a progression revealed from study to study and the practices of
researchers have changed and adapted due to the new revelations. An example of how SPICE
factors can be used to develop a research question is given below. The most interesting literature
reviews are often written as arguments (again, as mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is
discipline-specific and doesn’t work for all situations). It is however advisable to reread the draft one
more time before submission, as a last-minute correction of typos, leaps, and muddled sentences may
enable the reviewers to focus on providing advice on the content rather than the form. Another
determining factor is the type of research you are doing. Specific theoretical approaches may be used
alone or in combinations in order to structure your research. A literature review does function as a
summary of sources, but it also allows you to analyze further, interpret, and examine the stated
theories, methods, viewpoints, and, of course, the gaps in the existing content. Snow-Balling: when
we analyze the reference list of articles in search of new studies. Once you’re satisfied that you have
digested and distilled all the relevant literature in your mind, it’s time to put pen to paper (or rather,
fingers to keyboard). It should be critical - try to avoid simply cataloguing previous work but
evaluate it as well. This lays a solid basis for the rest of your paper. You can list all the methods used
and conclude on their efficiency. It is always good to have a condensed summary that is self-
contained and independent of the rest of your review.
It is generally helpful to draw a conceptual scheme of the review, e.g., with mind-mapping
techniques. The chances are high that someone will already have published a literature review (
Figure 1 ), if not exactly on the issue you are planning to tackle, at least on a related topic. Nova has
also worked as a technical and scientific writer. Therefore, read the abstract first to determine
whether the rest of the source is worth your time. The most interesting literature reviews are often
written as arguments (again, as mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is discipline-specific and
doesn’t work for all situations). Instead, focus on the central issues reported in current related
research and discuss their features. ? A literature review is NOT a research paper. Funding Statement
This work was funded by the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) through its
Centre for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity data (CESAB), as part of the NETSEED research
project. Using student-created research has a number of drawbacks: 1) they are frequently
unpublished and only available through interlibrary loan; 2) the student conducting the research may
not be a seasoned researcher. The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis
or dissertation. While you probably already have a decent base of this from your research proposal,
you need to expand on this substantially in the dissertation or thesis itself. The topic must at least be:
interesting to you (ideally, you should have come across a series of recent papers related to your line
of work that call for a critical summary), an important aspect of the field (so that many readers will
be interested in the review and there will be enough material to write it), and a well-defined issue
(otherwise you could potentially include thousands of publications, which would make the review
unhelpful). When planning a literature review, remember that no matter whether you’re dealing with
a Chicago, MLA, or APA literature review outline, you’ll have to remember several important things.
? A literature review is NOT a research proposal. That way you will be better able to identify where
you need punctuation marks to signal pauses or divisions within sentences, where you have made
grammatical errors, or where your sentences are unclear. Consider the following points to help
ensure your conclusion is appropriate. Here are some examples: Chronological: The simplest
approach is to trace the development of the topic over time, which helps familiarize the audience
with the topic (for instance if you are introducing something that is not commonly known in your
field). Your initial keywords might include faculty retention, faculty turnover, higher education
retention, higher education job satisfaction, and so forth. The theoretical literature review helps to
establish what theories exist, the relationships between them, the degree the existing approaches have
been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. Usually, this form establishes the
existing scientific knowledge gaps and finds out the outstanding research questions. ??? Literature
Review Outline: Mapping the Concepts Wish to outline literature review papers correctly. If your
subject of analysis is an incident or event. Magazines, on the other hand, are often only beneficial as
a starting point for your study because they contain news or broad information about discoveries,
policies, and other topics that may then be further studied in more specialized sources. Based on
your reading and notes, you can look for: Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do
certain approaches become more or less popular over time. For example, if the area you are
researching is a relatively new field, and there is little or no existing literature or theory that indicates
what you will find, then your literature review will likely be based on a research question. Some
articles will be free to access, while others will require an account, which brings us to the next
method. Is it trying to say that what you are studying is niche or has been studied in the past but not
in the same way. Review this page because it may help you identify a subject of analysis that can be
investigated using a single case study design. For you to identify the gap(s) in the literature and then
use this as justification for your own research topic. You can use it to discuss various theories,
models, and definitions of key concepts. Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student,
and it doesn’t matter if it’s their first or last year of studying. Snow-Balling: when we analyze the
reference list of articles in search of new studies. Although the majority of your sources will need to
be recently published, an exception is typically allowed for seminal sources.
You Might Also Like: 37 Comments Thank you very much. Explain why you selected this particular
individual to be studied and describe what experiences they have had that provide an opportunity to
advance new understandings about the research problem. It analyzes the state of the field on a given
topic and creates a scholarly foundation for you to make your own intervention. Now you need to
find out what has been written on the topic and search for literature related to your research topic. It
may be true that some excellent writing and time-management skills can help you create an
impressive piece, but it’s not necessary. A literature review aims to provide a reader with a clear and
understandable guide to a particular research topic. It is advisable then to reformulate such quotes
with your own words in the final draft. And you can examine an example of a literature review
outline (APA format). Introduction The introduction explains the purpose and focus of your
literature review. There are gaps in research on artificial intelligence and how it could change the
business realm. NOT A RESEARCH ARTICLE -- A literature review follows a different style,
format, and structure from a research article. To do both effectively, you need to engage in
considerable synthesis and critical analysis (terms you may have heard before!) of current research in
your field. Allow yourself as many changes as you need to adjust your ideas and material in order to
better comprehend the context of your research challenge. In such a scenario, constructing a
literature review will help you. In the sciences and some of the social sciences it is important that
your literature be quite recent; this is not so important in the humanities. It’s outstanding and brilliant
how the outline process is explained herewith. Thanks. Ensure that your ideas flow logically, and use
clear language to communicate complex concepts. Why conduct a literature review, stages of a
literature review, lit reviews: an overview (video), check out these books. If you haven't already done
so in the discussion section, be sure to document the limitations of your case study and any need for
further research. Again, you can use this to make an argument about gaps in the research. Discuss the
recent scholarly studies examining the correlation between nursing ratios and cases of hospital-
acquired infections. For example, in Nursing: what is current research on obesity and why is it
significant to nursing and health sciences. Its purpose is to provide the reader with a guide to a
particular research topic. Ask yourself: Where will I find information? (Library databases. Scope:
Make an effort to understand the extent of scope that your topic offers. Like any other research
paper, the literature review format must contain three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion.
After this first filter, the full text of each article must be considered. Review the academic literature
discussing the effect of the token economy on the behavior of students with autism. SAGE Study
Skills are essential study guides for students of all levels. Likewise, if you’re a corporate office
employee, you may be required to conduct research.