MODERN PHYSICS - 2 Page # 13

Exercise - I (OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS )

1. Let u be denote one atomic mass unit. One Which of these is most stable.
atom of an element of mass number A has mass
exactly equal to Au. (A) 24 He, (B) 73 Li, (C) 12
6 C (D) 14
7 N
(A) for any value of A 10. The following nuclear reaction is an example
(B) only for A = 1
(C) only for A = 12 of 12 4 16
6 C + 2 H  8 O + energy

(D) for any value of A provided the atom is stable (A) fission (B) fusion
2. The surface area of a nucleus varies with (C) alpha decay (D) beta decay
mass number A as
11. The rest mass of the deuteron, 12 H , is
(A) A2/3 (B) A1/3
(C) A (D) None equivalent to an energy of 1876 MeV, the rest
mass of a proton is equivalent to 939 MeV and
3. Consider the nuclear reaction that of a neutron to 940 MeV. A deuteron may
X200  A110 + B90 disintegrate to a proton and a neutron if it :
If the binding energy per nucleon for X, A and B (A) emits a  - ray photon of energy 2 MeV
is 7.4 MeV, 8.2 MeV and 8.2 MeV respectively, (B) captures a  - ray photon of energy 2 MeV
what is the energy released? (C) emits a  - ray photon of energy 3 Me V
(A) 200 MeV (B) 160 MeV (D) captures a -ray photon of energy 3 MeV
(C) 110 MeV (D) 90 MeV
12. In an -decay the Kinetic energy of  particle
4. The binding energy per nucleon for C12 is 7.68 is 48 MeV and Q-value of the reaction is 50 MeV.
MeV and that for C13 is 7.5 MeV. The energy The mass number of the mother nucleus is :
required to remove a neutron from C13 is (Assume that daughter nucleus is in ground state)
(A) 5.34 MeV (B) 5.5 MeV (A) 96 (B) 100
(C) 9.5 MeV (D) 9.34 MeV (C) 104 (D) none of these
5. The binding energies of nuclei X and Y are E1 13. In the uranium radioactive series the initial
and E2 respectively. Two atoms of X fuse to give nucleus is 92U238, and the final nucleus is 82Pb206.
one atom of Y and an energy Q is released. Then When the uranium nucleus decays to lead, the
(A) Q = 2E1 – E2 (B) Q = E2 – 2E1 number of -particles emitted is.. and the number
(C) Q = 2E1 + E2 (D) Q = 2E2 + E1 of - particles emitted ...
6. If each fission in a U235 nucleus releases 200 (A) 6, 8 (B) 8, 6
MeV, how many fissions must occurs per second (C) 16, 6 (D) 32, 12
to produce a power of 1 K W 14. A certain radioactive nuclide of mass number
(A) 1.325 × 1013 (B) 3.125 × 1013 mx disintegrates, with the emission of an electron
13
(C) 1.235 × 10 (D) 2.135 × 1013 and  radiation only, to give second nuclied of
7. A star initially has 1040 deutrons. It produces mass number my. Which one of the following
energy via, the processes 1H2 + 1H2  1H3 + p equation correctly relates mx and my ?
& 1H2 + 1H3  2He4 +n. If the average power (A) my = mx + 1 (B) my = mx – 2
radiated by the star is 1016 W, the deuteron (C) my = mx – 1 (D) my = mx
supply of the star is exhausted in a time of the 15. The number of  and  –– emitted during the
order of :
226
(A) 106 sec (B) 108 sec radioactive decay chain starting from 88 Ra and
12
(C) 10 sec (D) 1016 sec 206
ending at 82 Pb us
8. The binding energies of the atom of elements –
(A) 3 & 6 (B) 4 & 5 –
A & B are Ea & Eb respectively. Three atom of
(C) 5 & 4 – (D) 6 & 6 –
the element B fuse to give one atom of element
A. This fusion process is accompained by release 16. Binding energy per nucleon vs. mass number
of energy e. Then Ea, Eb are related to each curve for nuclei is shown in the figure. W, X, Y
other as and Z are four nuclei indicated on the curve. The
(A) Ea + e = 3Eb (B) Ea = 3Eb process that would release energy is
(C) Ea – e = 3Eb (D) Ea+3Eb+e=0

9. The binding energies of the nuclei of 24 He, 73 Li,

12 14
6 C & 7 N are 28, 52, 90, 98 MeV respectively..

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 Page # 14 MODERN PHYSICS - 2

 t1 – t 2 
8.5
Y
X (C) e  (D) e ( t1 – t 2 )
 

Binding Energy/nucleon
8.0
W
7.5 23. There are two radionuclei A and B. A is an

in MeV
alpha emitter and B is a beta emitter. Their
distintegration constants are in the ratio of 1 : 2.
5.0 Z
What should be the ratio of number of atoms of
two at time t = 0 so that probabilities of getting
 and  particles are same at time t = 0
30 60 90 120
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) e (D) e–1
Mass Number of Nuclei
24. The activity of a sample reduces from A0 to
(A) Y  2Z (B) W  X + Z A0 / 3 in one hour. The activity after 3 hours
(C) W  2Y (D) X  Y + Z
more will be
17. Two radioactive material A1 and A2 have decay
constants of 10 0 and 0. If initially they have A0 A0 A0 A0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
same number of nuclei, the ratio of number of 3 3 9 9 3 27
their undecayed nuclei will be (1/e) after a time
25. Half life of radium is 1620 years. How many
1 1 1
(A)  (B) 9  (C) 10 (D) 1 radium nuclei decay in 5 hours in 5 gm radium ?
0 0 0 (Atomic weight of radium = 223)
18. The radioactive sources A and B of half lives (A) 9.1 × 1012 (B) 3.23 × 1015
20
of 2 hr and 4 hr respectively, initially contain the (C) 1.72 × 10 (D) 3.3 × 1017
same number of radioactive atoms. At the end of 26. The activity of a sample of radioactive material
2 hours, their rates of disintegration are in the is A1 at time t1 and A2 at time t2 (t2 > t1). Its
ratio : mean life is T.
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 2 :1 (D) 1 : 1 A1 – A 2
(A) A1t1 = A2t2 (B) t – t = constant
19. In a RA element the fraction of initiated 2 1
amount remaining after its mean life time is :
(C) A 2  A 1e( t1 – t 2 )/ T (D) A 2  A 1e( t1 / Tt 2 )
1 1 1 1
(A) 1 – (B) (C) (D) 1 – 27. A fraction f1 of a radioactive sample decays
e e2 e e2
in one mean life, and a fraction f2 decays in one
20. 90% of a radioactive sample is left undecayed half-life.
after time t has elapsed. What percentage of the (A) f1 > f2 (B) f1 < f2 (C) f1 = f2
initialsample will decay in a total time 2t : (D) May be (A), (B) or (C) depending on the values
(A) 20% (B) 19% (C) 40% (D) 38 % of the mean life and half life.
21. A radioactive meterial of half-life T was 28. A radioactive substance is being produced at
produced in a nuclear reactor at different instants, a constant rate of 10 nucle is. The decay constant
the quantity produced second time was twice of of the substance is 1/2 sec–1. After what time
that produced first time. If now their present the number of radioactive nuclei will become 10?
activities are A1 and A2 respectively then their Initially there are no nuclei present. Assume decay
age difference equals : law holds for the sample.
(A) 2.45 sec (B) log (2) sec
T A1 A1
(A) ln 2 ln A (B) T ln A l
2 2 (C) 1.386 sec (D) sec
ln(2)
T A2 A2 29. The radioactivity of a sample is R1 at time T1
(C) ln2 ln 2A (D) T ln 2A and R2 at time T2. If the half life of the specimen
1 1
is T. Number of atoms that have disintegrated in
22. Activity of a radioactive substance is R1 at time (T2 – T1) is proportional to
time t1 and R2 at time t2(t2 > t1). Then the ratio (A) (R1T1 – R2T2) (B) (R1 – R2) T
(C) (R1 – R2)/T (D) (R1 – R2) (T1 – T2)
R2
30. The decay constant of the end product of a
R1 is :
radioactive series is
t2 (A) zero (B) infinite
(A) t (B) e –  ( t1  t 2 ) (C) finite (non zero)
1

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(D) depends on the end product. of the rate of formation of Y against time would
31. At time t = 0, N1 nuclei of decay constant 1 look like
& N2 nuclei of decay constant 2 are mixed. The
decay rate of the mixture is :
 N1  –( 1 –  2 ) t (A) (B) (C)
(A) N1N2 e –( 1   2 ) t (B)   N  e
 2
t/s t/s t/s
–  1t – 2t –(1   2 ) t
(C) (N1 1e  N2  2 e ) (D)  N11 N2 2e

32. The half-life of 131I is 8 days. Given a sample

of 131I at time t = 0, we can assert that : (D) (E)
(A) no nucleus will decays before t = 4 days
t/s t/s
(B) no nucleus will decays before t = 8 days
(C) all nuclei will decays before t = 16 days 39. A radioactive substance is dissolved in a liquid
(D) a given nucleus may decay at any time after and the solution is heated. The activity of the
t = 0. solution
33. There are two radionuclie A and B. A is an (A) is smaller than that of element
alpha emitter and B is a beta emitter. Their (B) is greater than that of element
distintegration constants are in the ratio of 1 : 2. (C) is equal to that of element
What should be the ratio of number of atoms of (D) will be smaller or greater depending upon
two at time t = 0 so that probabilities of getting whether the solution is weak or concentrated
 and  particles are same at time t = 0. 40. In a certain nuclear reactor, a radioactive
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) e (D) e–1 nucleus is being produced at a constant rate =
34. A particular nucleus in a large population of 1000/s. The mean life of the radionuclide is 40
identical radioactive nuclei did survive 5 half lives min utes. A steady state, th e nu mber of
of that isotope. Then the probability that this radionuclide will be
surviving nucleus will survive the next half life : (A) 4 × 104 (B) 24 × 104
(C) 24 × 10 5 (D) 24 × 106
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 41. In the above question, if there were 20 ×
32 5 2
105 radionuclide at t = 0, then the graph of N v/
1 5 s t is
(D) (E)
10 2
35. A certain radio active substance has a half N N
life of 5 years. Thus for a particular necleus in a
sample of the element, the probability of decay (A) (B)
in ten years is t t
O O
(A) 50% (B) 75% (C) 100% (D) 60%
36. The half-life of substance X is 45 years, and
N N
it decomposes to substance Y. A sample from a
meteorite was taken which contained 2% of X (C) (D)
and 14% Y by quantity of substance. If substance
t t
Y is not normally found on a meteorite, what is O O
the approximate age of the meteorite?
(A) 270 years (B) 135 years 42. The half life of a neutron is 800 sec. 108
(C) 90 years (D) 45 years neutrons at a certain instant are projected from
one space station towards another space station,
37. A radioactive nuclide can decay simultaneously situated 3200 km away, with a velocity 2000 m/s.
by two different processes which have decay Their velocity remains constant during the journey.
constants  1 and  2 . The effective decay How many neutrons reach the other station?
constant of the nuclide is , then : (A) 50 × 106 (B) 25 × 106
(A)  = 1 + 2 (B)  = 1/2(1 + 1) (C) 80 × 10 5 (D) 25 × 105
1 1 1 43. A radioactive source in the form of a metal
(C)   (D)   1 2
 1  2 sphere of diameter 3.2 × 10–3 m emits -particle
at a constant rate of 6.25 × 1010 particle/sec.
38. The radioactive nucleus of an element X
The source is electrically insulated and all the -
decays to a stable nucleus of element Y. a graph

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particle are emitted from the surface. The (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
potential of the sphere will riese to 1 V in time statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
(A) 180  sec (B) 90  sec statement-1.
(C) 18  sec (D) 9  sec (C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
44. An energy of 24.6 eV is required to remove (D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
one of the electrons from a neutral helium atom. 47. Statement-1: Consider the following nuclear
The energy (ln eV) required to remove both the reaction of an unstable 146 C nucleus initially at
electrons from a neutral helium atom is :
rest. The decay 146 C  147N  01 e   . In a
(A) 38.2 (B) 49.2
(C) 51.8 (D) 79.0 nuclear reaction total energy and momentum is
conserved experiments show that the electrons
REASONING TYPE are emitted with a continuous range of kinetic
45. Statement-1: It is easy to remove a proton energies upto some maximum value.
40
from 20 Ca nucleus as compared to a neutron. Statement-2: Remaining energy is released as
thermal energy.
Statement-2: Inside nucleus neutrons are acted
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
on only attractive forces but protons are also
statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
acted on by repulsive forces.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. 48. Half life for certain radioactive element is 5
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. min. Four nuclei of that element are observed at
a certain instant of time. After five minutes
46. Statement-1: It is possible for a thermal Assertion (A) : It can be definitely said that two
neutron to be absorbed by a nucleus whereas a nuclei will be left undecayed.
proton or an -particle would need a much larger Reasoning (R) : After half life i.e. 5 minutes, half
amount of energy for being absorbed by the same of total nuclei will disintegrate. So only two nuclei
nucleus. will be left undecayed. Then
Statement-2: Neutron is electrically neutral but (A) A is correct & R is correct explanation of A.
proton and -particle are positively charged. (B) Both are correct. But R is not correct
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and explanation of A.
statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1. (C) A is incorrect & R is correct.
(D) Both are incorrect.

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