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Physics Final Project C

This document describes a student physics project to build a basic fire alarm circuit using an infrared light (IR) emitting diode (LED) and receiver, transistor, buzzer, and battery. The circuit functions by detecting changes in infrared radiation which could indicate a fire, activating the buzzer and LED indicator. It has applications for home, lab, and vehicle safety monitoring but has limitations in sensitivity and risk of false alarms. For improved detection, more advanced sensors and algorithms are recommended.

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mrihatshaikh
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11 views

Physics Final Project C

This document describes a student physics project to build a basic fire alarm circuit using an infrared light (IR) emitting diode (LED) and receiver, transistor, buzzer, and battery. The circuit functions by detecting changes in infrared radiation which could indicate a fire, activating the buzzer and LED indicator. It has applications for home, lab, and vehicle safety monitoring but has limitations in sensitivity and risk of false alarms. For improved detection, more advanced sensors and algorithms are recommended.

Uploaded by

mrihatshaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Final

projec
t
PHYSICS

Group members:

 Arham Tahir (027)


 Abdul Moiz (001)
 Eessa Orakzai (031)
 Ashtar Ali (049)
Circuit Diagram:

Components:
 IR LED
 Transistor (BC 547)
 Buzzer
 Infrared Receiver
 Resistor
 9V Battery
Circuit Description:
 The loop from the +9V battery to the ground (0V) forms a
closed circuit, indicating the power supply.
 The loop with R1, the base of the transistor, and R2 forms a
closed circuit, representing the biasing network for the
transistor.
 The loop with the IR receiver forms a closed circuit,
indicating the connection to the infrared sensor.
 The loop with the LED forms a closed circuit, representing
the connection to the indicator LED.
 The loop with the buzzer forms a closed circuit,
representing the connection to the alarm buzzer.
This closed-loop diagram simplifies the representation further,
making it clear that the circuit forms a continuous loop from
the power supply through the various components and back to
the ground.
Operation:
The circuit functions as a fire alarm system by leveraging an
infrared (IR) LED and receiver. In normal conditions, the
closed loop from the +9V battery to ground forms a
continuous circuit. When the IR receiver detects a change in
infrared radiation, often indicative of a fire, it alters the signal
through the biasing network (R1, R2, and transistor). This
change in signal biases the transistor, activating both the LED
and the buzzer. The LED serves as a visual indicator, while
the buzzer provides an audible alert, signaling the potential
presence of a fire. The closed-loop design ensures a reliable
and responsive system for continuous monitoring.
Testing:
To test the circuit, introduce a heat source to simulate a fire,
causing a change in infrared radiation. Confirm that the LED
and buzzer activate in response to the simulated fire
conditions. Ensure all components are securely connected,
and the 9V battery is functional before testing.
Applications:
Following are the applications where a simple fire alarm can
be used:
 home security
 lab safety
 car garages
 remote monitoring
 kitchen safety
 greenhouse monitoring
Drawback:
Its only drawback is that it gets activated when in the presence
of sunlight. Also, fire alarm circuit has limited sensitivity and
may produce false alarms due to changes in infrared radiation
not related to fires. It may not effectively detect certain types
of fires or early-stage fires with minimal heat or flames.
Conclusion:
While cost-effective, the circuit provides a basic alert system
using visual and audible signals. For enhanced fire detection,
consideration of additional sensors and advanced algorithms
is advisable to improve sensitivity and reduce the risk of false
alarms. The choice of a fire alarm system should align with
specific environmental requirements and potential fire
hazards.

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