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Problem Solutions - 6

1) A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is heated at constant pressure until it reaches 200°C. The work done is calculated to be 166 kJ. 2) Nitrogen at 300 K and 150 kPa is compressed isothermally to 800 kPa. The work done is calculated to be -50,219.691 J. 3) The enthalpy change of nitrogen heated from 250K to 1000K at constant pressure is calculated three ways: a) 817.0 kJ/kg using the heat capacity equation, b) 827.3 kJ/kg using the average heat capacity, and c) the percent error between a) and b

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37 views

Problem Solutions - 6

1) A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is heated at constant pressure until it reaches 200°C. The work done is calculated to be 166 kJ. 2) Nitrogen at 300 K and 150 kPa is compressed isothermally to 800 kPa. The work done is calculated to be -50,219.691 J. 3) The enthalpy change of nitrogen heated from 250K to 1000K at constant pressure is calculated three ways: a) 817.0 kJ/kg using the heat capacity equation, b) 827.3 kJ/kg using the average heat capacity, and c) the percent error between a) and b

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daglarduman510
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Thermodynamics

-Problem Session 6

ESEN 213
Fall 2023
Zafer Yavuz Aksöz
1
Question 1
• A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is heated at constant pressure until the
temperature reaches 200 °C. Calculate the work done by the steam during this process.
We should use the data in the steam tables. The vapor is saturated vapor at first. Use Table A5.

Initial specific volume is v=vg=0.60582kg/m3


Then the vapor gains heat and it becomes superheated steam, we should use Table A6.

Final specific volume is (at 200oC and 0.30MPa)→v=0.71643kg/m3


2 2

W =  PdV Here P is constant



→ W = P dV → W = P (V2 − V1 )
1 1

Volume is equal to mass multiplied by specific volume: V = mv


Work becomes: W = P ( mv 2 − mv1 ) = m  P ( v 2 − v1 )

𝑊 = 5𝑘𝑔 ⋅ 300000𝑃𝑎 ⋅ 0.71643𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔 − 0.60582𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

W =165915 j

W =166kj
Question 2
• Nitrogen at an initial state of 300 K, 150 kPa, and 0.2 m3 is compressed slowly in an isothermal
process to a final pressure of 800 kPa. Determine the work done during this process.
2
W =  PdV P is not constant, it depends on V.

Ideal gas equation of 1st version: P  V = n  Ru  T


2
n  Ru  T n  Ru  T
P= W= dV we take the constant terms out of the integral
V 1
V
2
dV  V2 
W = n  Ru  T  W = n  Ru  T ln  
1
V  V1 
We don’t know the final volume apply:

PV
1 1
= P2V2 150000Pa  0.2m3 = 800000Pa  V2 V2 = 0.0375m3

We don’t know the mole number, we should apply P  V = n  Ru  T for the initial state

3
Pa. m
150000Pa  0.2m3 = n  8.314  300K n=12.028 mol
K.mol

 V2  Pa.m3  0.0375m3 
W = n  Ru  T ln   W = 12.028  8.314
K .mol
 300K ln  3  W = −50219.691j
 V1   0.2m 
Question 3
• Determine the enthalpy change Δh of nitrogen (N2), in kJ/kg, as it is heated at constant pressure
from 250K to 1000 K, by:

a) The functional form of the specific heat equation (Table A–2c),


b) By calculating an average cp value at the average temperature (Table A–2b).
c) Calculate the percent error for Δh of part b, assuming that the value in part a is the actual
value.
a) specific heat per mole from Table A2c
a) specific heat per mole from Table A2c

c p = a + bT + cT + dT 2 3

T2 T2

h =  c p dT =  ( a + bT + cT 2 + dT 3 ) dT Hat over the symbol means enthalpy per mole


T1 T1

T2
b 2 c 3 d 4
h = aT + T + T + T 
2 3 4 T1
h = a (T2 − T1 ) +
2
(
b 2
T2 − T1 )
2
+
3
(
c 3
T2 − T1 )
3
+
4
(
d 4
T2 − T14 )

a=28.90, b= -0.1571*10-2, c=0.8081*10-5, d=-2.873*10-9


−0.1571  10 −2 0.8081  10 −5
h = 28.90  (1000 − 250 ) +
2
(1000 − 250 ) +
2 2

3
(10003 − 2503 )

−2.873  10 −9
+
4
(10004 − 2504 )

h = 21675 − 736.4 + 2651.6 −715.4

h = 22874.7 j / mol

h 22874.7 j / mol
h = = h = 817.0 j / g h = 817.0kj / kg
M 28 g / mol
c) 827.3 − 817.0
%error = 100
817.0

%error = 1.26%
Question 4
• A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m3 of saturated water vapor at 250 kPa. At this state, the piston
is resting on a set of stops, and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it.
Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume doubles.
• Show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine
• (a) the final temperature,
• (b) the work done during this process, and
• (c) the total heat transfer.
a) We take the contents of the cylinder as the system. This is a closed system since no mass enters or leaves. The
energy balance for this stationary closed system can be expressed as
b)The work done during process 1-2 is zero (since V = const) and the work done during the constant pressure process 2-3 is

(c) Heat transfer is determined from the energy balance,

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