Title: Crafting a Comprehensive Literature Review on Linear Programming

Embarking on the journey of writing a literature review on linear programming can be a daunting
task. It requires an in-depth understanding of the subject matter, thorough research skills, and the
ability to critically analyze existing literature. A literature review serves as the foundation of any
research project, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge, theories, and
methodologies related to the chosen topic.

The complexity of writing a literature review on linear programming stems from the vast amount of
literature available on the subject. Linear programming, being a fundamental optimization technique
widely used in various fields such as economics, operations research, and engineering, has been
extensively studied and documented over the years. Navigating through this extensive body of
literature requires careful selection and evaluation of relevant sources to ensure the coherence and
credibility of the review.

One of the key challenges in writing a literature review is synthesizing diverse perspectives and
findings into a coherent narrative. This involves identifying common themes, debates, and gaps in
the existing literature and providing insightful analysis and interpretation. Additionally, ensuring the
accuracy and relevance of the sources cited is crucial for establishing the credibility of the review.

Given the time and effort required to conduct a thorough literature review on linear programming,
many researchers and students may find themselves overwhelmed by the task. In such cases, seeking
assistance from professional writing services can be immensely beneficial. ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔
offers expert assistance in crafting high-quality literature reviews tailored to the specific
requirements of the client.

By entrusting your literature review to ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, you can save valuable time and
resources while ensuring the quality and rigor of your work. Our team of experienced writers
specializes in various academic disciplines, including operations research and mathematical
optimization, and can provide comprehensive literature reviews that meet the highest standards of
academic excellence.

In conclusion, writing a literature review on linear programming is a challenging yet essential aspect
of research. With the assistance of ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, you can navigate through the complexities
of the task with confidence and ease. Order your literature review today and take the first step
towards advancing your research goals.
To begin, the word programming is used by mathematicians to describe a set of rules which must be
followed to solve a problem Thus, linear programming describes sets of rules which must be solved a
linear problem. In the simplex tableau all the three basic Page 12. Optimal Feasible Solution To LPP
is any feasible solution which optimizes (i.e.maximizes or minimizes) the objective function (1). If
you choose not to pay the tariff and parcel returns, there will not be any refund. Machines 2 3 4 M1
12 9 12 9 M2 15 - 0 20 M3 4 8 115 6 L1 L L L Locations Ans. M-Method (also Known as Charne’s
Methodor Big M-Method) Since artificial variables are undesirable, the coeffi-cient for the artificial
variable in the objective func-tion is taken as. Two type of Constraints A constraint is nonbinding if
the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the constraint are unequal when the optimal values of
the decision variables are substituted into the constraint. Example applications: airline crew
scheduling manufacturing and production planning portfolio selection telecommunications network
design. Note that non basic vari-ables are always equal to zero. Linear Programming Problem
Problem Formulation A Simple Maximization Problem Graphical Solution Procedure Extreme Points
and the Optimal Solution Computer Solutions A Simple Minimization Problem Special Cases. A
Linear Programming model seeks to maximize or minimize a linear function, subject to a set of linear
constraints. Any problem whose model fits the format for the linear programming model is a linear
programming problem. Consider the first quadrant of the x1x2 plane since the two variables x1 and
x2 should sat-isfy the nonnegativity restrictions x1 ? 0 and x2 ? 0.Now the basic feasible solution
space is obtained inthe first quadrant by plotting all the given constraintsas follows. She can invest in
municipal bonds (8.5% annual return), CD’s (5%), treasury bills (6.5%), or in a growth stock fund
(13%). If it is determined that there is, in fact, a manufacturing defect, then we will refund the
shipping costs as well as repair or replace or refund the full amount to the purchaser if the product is
not fixable. Transhipment problem consists of transportingfrom source to destination via (through)
intermedi-ate or transient nodes, known as transhipment nodeswhich act as both sources and
destination. Find the optimal assignment which maximizesthe total cost in the above problem 2. Ans.
O3 to D1, O2 to D2, O1 to D3, maximum cost: 62Solve the following assignment problem for
minimum cost 4. Two-Phase Method In the M-method, M must be assigned some specificnumerical
value which creates trouble of roundofferrors especially in computer calculations. C How to Program
by H. M. Deitel and P. J. Deitel 4th Edition 2002. 1.1. Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming.
Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text. For a given inequality, the
equation withequality sign (replacing the inequality) represents astraight line in x1x2 plane dividing it
into two openhalf spaces. Let ai denote the amount of supply at the ithsource, bj denote the demand
at destination j; cij denote the cost of transportation per unit from ithsource to j th destination; xij the
amount shippedfromorigin i to destination j. State the starting solution and thecorresponding value of
OF. 10 12 4 2 7 14 20 9 16 11 20 18 5 15 15 15 15 25 10 S1 S S 2 3 D1 D2 D3 D4 Ans. He has to
pick all the packets from A and has to deliver them to points P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W. Due to the
parallel-distributed processing nature and circuit-implementation convenience, the neurodynamic
solvers based on recurrent neural network (RNN) have been regarded as powerful alternatives to
online computation. In the objective function the cost coeffi-cients for these undesirable artificial
variablesR1 andR2 are taken as a very large penalty value M. With minimization, move down and
left until it touches only one point in feasible region. Note: Formulating models is an art that can only
be mastered with practice and experience. And only once all items have arrived will our staff check
the returned product for testing. Employee Scheduling A restaurant must create a wait staff schedule
each week. Include in your package a signed letter stating the reason for your return, the original
receipt, proof of defect, images, a video, etc.
This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have
downloaded this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms
and conditions. Once you use the product, our supplier(s) and we have the right not to issue a
refund. There are two brands of fertilizer he can use: SuperGro and CropKwik. It is easy to use and
always gives consistent results It helps to maximize profits and to reduce the input cost. Solve the
following assignment Problem for min-imum total cost. State the starting solution and
thecorresponding value of OF. 10 12 4 2 7 14 20 9 16 11 20 18 5 15 15 15 15 25 10 S1 S S 2 3 D1
D2 D3 D4 Ans. Zero cost is associated with cells(i, i) which do not transfer to itself. However, upon
receiving the returned order, we will assess the product. Let x1 and x2 be the number of “standard”
and“deluxe” clocks to be produced. Apply simplex method to obtainthe optimal solution. M-Method
(also Known as Charne’s Methodor Big M-Method) Since artificial variables are undesirable, the
coeffi-cient for the artificial variable in the objective func-tion is taken as. It is used to find the
minimum cost of a process when all the constraints of the problems are given. Topics to be covered
Introduction to LPP Definition of LPP Requirements for LP Formulation of LP Example 1 Example
2. Other than our supplier's default policy, once a return is agreed upon, you can ship your defective
item to the provided return address that you should receive from us first. Cal-culate the row
penalties for each row and similarlycolumn penalties for each column.Step II. Identify the row or
column with the largestpenalty (ties are broken arbitrarily). If the iso-contribution line (objective
function) coincides withone of the edges of the polygon, then any point onthis edge gives optimal
solution with the same max-imum (unique) value of the objective function. Every LP problems has
some unique features, but most problems also have common features. Before a refund acceptance,
please include images or a video and any other proof of the defect. The transformed entriesgive the
“relative costs”. 3. Alternative Optima: The presence of alternative optimal solutions is indi-cated by
the existance of a row or column in the finalTOC matrix with more than one zero cells. 4.
Unbalanced Problem: When the cost matrix is rectangular, a dummy rowor a dummy column added
makes the cost matrix asquare matrix. The steps for solving linear programming problems are.
Isoprofit line for maximization problem (Isocost line for minimization problem )is a set of points that
have the same z-value Two type of Constraints Binding and Nonbinding constraints A constraint is
binding if the left-hand and right-hand side of the constraint are equal when the optimal values of
the decision variables are substituted into the constraint. Introduction to LP. Linear programming
(LP) problems are optimization problems where the objective function and the constraints of the
problem are all linear. The pivotal ele-ment is one; so pivot row remain the same. Contribute your
expertise and make a difference in the GeeksforGeeks portal. A high penalty cost M is
associatedwith cell cij when there is no route from ith origin tothe j th destination. Currently XYZ,
inc. has 19 pounds of steel and 8 cubic feet of wood. If a row and column are satisfied simul-
taneously, cross out either a row or column but notboth. In the selectedrow or column, allocate as
much as possible to thecellwith the least unit cost.Cross out the satisfied rowor column. Employees
work 6 hours per day (plus 2 for setup and cleanup) 5 consecutive days, then have 2 days off. In
Java, GUI-based programs are implemented by using classes from the javax.swing and java.awt
packages.
The pivotal ele-ment is one; so pivot row remain the same. Formulate the problem above and
determine the optimal solution. Maximization:8. Solve the following TP to maximize the profit 15 42
80 26 51 33 42 81 23 31 16 30 23 44 3390 6640 60 Ans. Read optimal coordinates and compute
optimal profit or cost. On the checkout page, please create an account to download product-related
files upon purchase. Starting from this chapter, you will learn how to solve practical problems
programmatically. Two-Phase Method In the M-method, M must be assigned some
specificnumerical value which creates trouble of roundofferrors especially in computer calculations.
If a row and column are satisfied simul-taneously, cross out either a row or column but notboth.
Since x1, x2 are physical quantities (the number ofclocks produced), they must be non negative i.e.
x1 ? 0 and x2 ? 0. Thus the LPP consists of the O.F., three inequalityconstraints and the non-
negativity restrictions. 5.3 GRAPHICAL SOLUTION OF LPP When the number of decision
variables (or products)is two, the solution to linear programming probleminvolving any number of
constraints can be obtainedgraphically. Oz Robotics, manufacturing partners, or Suppliers are not
responsible for tariffs. Every LP problems has some unique features, but most problems also have
common features. Solve the unbalanced problem byassigning four jobs to three men subject to one
job to one man. The value ofthe entering variable x2 in the new solution equals tothis minimum ratio
5. It takes about 1 hour to produce a bowl and requires 4 pounds of clay. A pitcher takes about 2
hours and consumes 3 pounds of clay. Introduction. Many management decisions involve trying to
make the most effective use of an organization’s resources. Similarly, for a minimization problem, an
optimal solution is a point in the feasible region with the smallest objective function value. However
the first person can notbe assigned to machine 3 and third person can not beassigned to machine
4.(a) Find the optimal assignment to minimize the cost(b) Suppose a 5th machine is available the
assign-ment costs to the four persons as 2, 1, 2, 8, respec-tively. The transformed entriesgive the
“relative costs”. 3. Alternative Optima: The presence of alternative optimal solutions is indi-cated by
the existance of a row or column in the finalTOC matrix with more than one zero cells. 4.
Unbalanced Problem: When the cost matrix is rectangular, a dummy rowor a dummy column added
makes the cost matrix asquare matrix. Thuseach corner of the loop lies in the basic cell, exceptthe
starting cell. It uses all the available resources in a manner such that they produce the optimum
result. Solve the above problem 2 (ii) by obtaining theinitial solution by (a) row minimum (b) col-umn
minimum (c) matrix minimum (d) Vogel’smethod (e) compare the number of iterationsrequired in
each of these methods including thenorth west corner rule. Ans. Optimal solution and value of OF is
same as in 2(ii) above for (a) (b) (c) (d). Find the optimal solution(c) Is it economical to replace one
of the existingmachines by the new (5th) machine(d) In such case which machine is to be
replaced(unused). (A dash indicates that assignment is notpossible because of the restrictions
imposed) Solution: (a) Since first person can not be assignedto machine 3 a prohibitive (penalty) cost
is imposed,denoted by. Features of Linear programming problem: Decision Variables. Like the
simplex method the transport algorithmconsists of determining the initial basic feasible solu-tion,
identifying the entering variable by the use ofoptimality condition and finally locating the
leavingvariable by the use of feasibility condition. Page 20. Now test for optimality.If yes, stop.
Otherwise go to step I. Optimal Feasible Solution To LPP is any feasible solution which optimizes
(i.e.maximizes or minimizes) the objective function (1). Any problem whose model fits the format for
the linear programming model is a linear programming problem. They have no new information and
less detail than the Word Document. However, the delivery may take about 7 to 10 business days,
depending on the shipping destination, logistics, weather conditions, product weight, size, or
shipping company distribution structures.
Instead of emphasizing the details of a particular programming language, this course will teach how
to approach a problem in a way that makes it easy to solve using programming. OO Programming
(procedural V.S. OO) Basic concepts of OO. For a given inequality, the equation withequality sign
(replacing the inequality) represents astraight line in x1x2 plane dividing it into two openhalf spaces.
At Oz Robotics, we help you buy the latest technologies affordably while supporting businesses to
sell their products globally. A typical example would be taking the limitations of materials and labor,
then determining the. Let x 1,x 2.,x n be the n decision unknown vari- ables and c 1,c 2.,c n be the
associated (constant cost) coef?cients. It will help us to speed up the process on your behalf. A
nonlinear program (NLP) is similar to a linear program in that it is composed of an objective function,
general constraints, and variable bounds. Incoming: Amongst the nonbasic variables, theentering
variable is the one with the most positivevalue (in the south east corner of the cell). Identify optimal
solution as coordinates of point touched by highest possible isoprofit line or lowest possible isocost
line. The linear model consists of the following components: A set of decision variables. The
assignmentproblem can be solved as a regular transportationproblem in which the persons represent
the sources,the jobs represent the destinations, the supply amountat each source and demand amount
at each destina-tion being exactly equal to 1. In general, it is more convenientto work with equations
rather than with inequal-ities. This corresponds to thecorner point origin with value of the objective
func-tion zero. She works 40 hours weekly, has 120 pounds of clay available each week, and wants
more profits. Here linearity is characterized by proportion-ality and additivity properties. With a
maximization problem, maintain same slope and move line up and right until it touches feasible
region at one point. However, the total amount of resource A available is20 units only. Con-sider the
following LPP with ’m’ less than or equalto inequalities in ’n’ variables. Fromamong the remaining
non-crossed out rows andcolumns, choose a row or columnwith only one zero.Thus assign B to 2
and D to 1. By representing each constraint equation in a row and writing the objective function at
the bottom row. If the Required Parts are not sent back, they will be billed for or expected to be
shipped later. The first row is satisfied so cross out the firstrow and move to x21 of second row.
Solve the following transhipment problem P1 P2 T1 D2 D3 D1 T2 1000 1200 3 4 2 5 8 6 4 93 5 800
900 500 Ans. Chapter 3: Hillier and Lieberman Dr. Hurley’s AGB 328 Course. Thus this
solutioncorresponds to the corner (extreme) point A (0, 0) inthe graph. In simple terms, it is the
method to find out how to do something in the best possible way with given limited resources you
need to do the optimum utilization of resources to achieve the best possible result in a particular
objective. Check by enumeration. 1 2 3 A 380 210 260 B 610 380 210 C 330 415 300 Job Machine
Ans. We publish nearly 1600 books as well as 50 journals a year. Therefore, we can't add any tariff to
the product's retail pricing.