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Chapter 201

Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Introduction
This procedure is used to summarize continuous data. Large volumes of such data may be easily
summarized in statistical lists of means, counts, standard deviations, etc. Up to 8 categorical group variables
may be used to calculate summaries for individual group combinations. The summary lists may be output
directly to a new dataset.
This procedure produces lists of the following summary statistics:
• Count • Interquartile Range (IQR)
• Missing Count • 10th Percentile (10th Pctile)
• Sum • 25th Percentile (25th Pctile)
• Mean • 75th Percentile (75th Pctile)
• Standard Deviation (Std Dev) • 90th Percentile (90th Pctile)
• Standard Error (Std Error) • Variance
• Lower 95% Confidence Limit for the • Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Mean (95% LCL) • Mean Absolute Deviation from the
• Upper 95% Confidence Limit for the Median (MADM)
Mean (95% UCL) • Coefficient of Variation (COV)
• Median • Coefficient of Dispersion (COD)
• Minimum • Skewness
• Maximum • Kurtosis
• Range

Types of Categorical Variables

Note that we will refer to two types of categorical variables: Group Variables and Break Variables.
The values of a Group Variable are used to define the rows, sub rows, and columns of the summary table. Up
to two Group Variables may be used per table. Group Variables are not required.
Break Variables are used to split a database into subgroups. A separate report is generated for each unique
set of values of the break variables.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Data Structure
The data below are a subset of the Resale dataset provided with the software. This (computer simulated)
data gives the selling price, the number of bedrooms, the total square footage (finished and unfinished), and
the size of the lots for 150 residential properties sold during the last four months in two states. This data is
representative of the type of data that may be analyzed with this procedure. Only the first 6 of the 150
observations are displayed.

Resale Dataset (Subset)

State Price Bedrooms TotalSqft LotSize

Nev 260000 2 2042 10173
Nev 66900 3 1392 13069
Vir 127900 2 1792 7065
Nev 181900 3 2645 8484
Nev 262100 2 2613 8355
Nev 147500 2 1935 7056

Missing Values
Observations with missing values in either the group variables or the continuous data variables are ignored.
The procedure also allows you to specify up to 5 additional values to be considered as missing in categorical
group variables.

Summary Statistics
The following sections outline the summary statistics that are available in this procedure.

Count
The number of non-missing data values, n. If no frequency variable was specified, this is the number of rows
with non-missing values.

Missing Count
The number of missing data values. If no frequency variable was specified, this is the number of rows with
missing values.

Sum
The sum (or total) of the data values.
𝑛𝑛

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = � 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖=1

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Mean
The average of the data values.
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖
𝑥𝑥̅ =
𝑛𝑛

Variance
The sample variance, s2, is a popular measure of dispersion. It is an average of the squared deviations from
the mean.
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )2
𝑠𝑠 2 =
𝑛𝑛 − 1

Standard Deviation (Std Dev)

The sample standard deviation, s, is a popular measure of dispersion. It measures the average distance
between a single observation and the mean. It is equal to the square root of the sample variance.

∑𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )2

𝑠𝑠 = � 𝑖𝑖=1
𝑛𝑛 − 1

Standard Error (Std Error)

The standard error of the mean, a measure of the variation of the sample mean about the population mean,
is computed by dividing the sample standard deviation by the square root of the sample size.

𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥̅ =
√𝑛𝑛

95% Confidence Interval for the Mean (95% LCL & 95% UCL)
This is the upper and lower values of a 95% confidence interval estimate for the mean based on a t
distribution with n – 1 degrees of freedom. This interval estimate assumes that the population standard
deviation is not known and that the data for this variable are normally distributed.

95% CI = 𝑥𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎/2,𝑛𝑛−1 𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥̅

Minimum
The smallest data value.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Maximum
The largest data value.

Range
The difference between the largest and smallest data values.

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀

Percentiles
The 100pth percentile is the value below which 100p% of data values may be found (and above which
100(1 - p)% of data values may be found). The 100pth percentile is computed as

𝑍𝑍100𝑝𝑝 = (1 − 𝑔𝑔)𝑋𝑋[𝑘𝑘1 ] + 𝑔𝑔𝑋𝑋[𝑘𝑘2 ]

where k1 equals the integer part of p(n + 1), k2 = k1 + 1, g is the fractional part of p(n + 1), and X[k] is the kth
observation when the data are sorted from lowest to highest.

Median
The median (or 50th percentile) is the “middle number” of the sorted data values.

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑍𝑍50

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles (the 3rd and 1st quartiles). This represents the range
of the middle 50% of the data. It serves as a robust measure of the variation in the data.

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑍𝑍75 − 𝑍𝑍25

Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)

A measure of dispersion that is not affected by outliers as much as the standard deviation and variance. It
measures the average absolute distance between a single observation and the mean.

∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1|𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥̅ |
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 =
𝑛𝑛

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Mean Absolute Deviation from the Median (MADM)

A measure of dispersion that is even more robust to outliers than the mean absolute deviation (MAD) since
the median is used as the center point of the distribution. It measures the average absolute distance
between a single observation and the median.

∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1|𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀|
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 =
𝑛𝑛

Coefficient of Variation (COV)

A relative measure of dispersion used to compare the amount of variation in two samples. It is calculated by
dividing the standard deviation by the mean. Sometimes it is referred to as COV or CV.

𝑠𝑠
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 =
𝑥𝑥̅

Coefficient of Dispersion (COD)

A robust, relative measure of dispersion. It is calculated by dividing the robust mean absolute deviation
from the median (MADM) by the median. It is frequently used in real estate or tax assessment applications.

∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1|𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀|
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 � 𝑛𝑛
�
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = =
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀

Skewness
Measures the direction and degree of asymmetry in the data distribution.

𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 3/2
𝑚𝑚2
where
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟 =
𝑛𝑛

Kurtosis
Measures the heaviness of the tails in the data distribution.

𝑚𝑚4
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 =
𝑚𝑚22
where
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=1(𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟 =
𝑛𝑛
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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Example 1 – Basic Variable Summary Report (No Group

Variables)
The data used in this example are in the Resale dataset.

Setup
To run this example, complete the following steps:

1 Open the Resale example dataset

• From the File menu of the NCSS Data window, select Open Example Data.
• Select Resale and click OK.

2 Specify the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure options

• Find and open the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure using the menus or the
Procedure Navigator.
• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 1a settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) ............................................... Price, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Garage, TotalSqft

Statistics .......................................................... Count, Mean, Std Dev, 95% LCL, 95% UCL

Report Options (in the Toolbar)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Labels ................................................ Column Labels

3 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table

Summary Table
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Variable
────────────────────────────────────────────────
Sales Garage Total Area
Statistic Price Bedrooms Bathrooms Size (Sqft)
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Count 150 150 150 150 150
Mean 174392 2.42 2.4 1.266667 1893.38
Standard Deviation 97656.81 0.8919476 0.8047677 0.5636252 754.2496
Lower 95% CL Mean 158636 2.276093 2.270158 1.175731 1771.689
Upper 95% CL Mean 190148 2.563908 2.529842 1.357602 2015.071
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table is created with the statistics as rows and the data variables as columns when the positions are
both set to “Auto”.

Plots of Each Statistic

Plots of Each Statistic

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

(More Plots Follow)

The plots are not very informative because the variables have vastly different scales.

Example 1b – Adjust Item Table Positions (Data Variables in Rows and

Statistics in Columns)
To rotate the table, all we have to do is change the position of one of the items. To do this, change Data
Variable(s) Position to Rows and run the procedure again to get the results.

4 Modify the Data Variable(s) Position

• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 1b settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) Position ................................. Rows

5 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Statistic
───────────────────────────────────────────────
Standard Lower 95% Upper 95%
Variable Count Mean Deviation CL Mean CL Mean
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Sales Price 150 174392 97656.81 158636 190148
Bedrooms 150 2.42 0.8919476 2.276093 2.563908
Bathrooms 150 2.4 0.8047677 2.270158 2.529842
Garage Size 150 1.266667 0.5636252 1.175731 1.357602
Total Area (Sqft) 150 1893.38 754.2496 1771.689 2015.071
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table is now rotated with the data variables as rows and the statistics as columns. Notice that the actual
summary statistic values are exactly the same.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Example 2 – Variable Summary Report (One Group

Variable)
The data used in this example are in the Resale dataset.

Setup
To run this example, complete the following steps:

1 Open the Resale example dataset

• From the File menu of the NCSS Data window, select Open Example Data.
• Select Resale and click OK.

2 Specify the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure options

• Find and open the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure using the menus or the
Procedure Navigator.
• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 2a settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) ............................................... Price, TotalSqft, LotSize

Statistics .......................................................... Count, Mean, Std Dev
Include Group Variable 1 ................................. Checked
Variables .......................................................... State

Report Options (in the Toolbar)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Labels ................................................ Column Labels

Data Labels...................................................... Value Labels

3 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table

Summary Table
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Variable
──────────────────────────
Sales Total Area Lot Size
State Statistic Price (Sqft) (Sqft)
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Nevada Count 88 88 88
Mean 170762.5 1881.33 8571.454
Standard Deviation 98665.72 788.569 2419.88

Virginia Count 62 62 62
Mean 179543.5 1910.484 8076.597
Standard Deviation 96771.49 708.6572 2301.226

Total Count 150 150 150

Mean 174392 1893.38 8366.913
Standard Deviation 97656.81 754.2496 2376.334
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table displays the group variable values as the rows, the statistics as the subrows, and the data
variables as the columns. The plots are not shown because they are not very informative because the
variables have vastly different scales. Totals are given for the group variable.

Example 2b – Adjust Item Table Positions (Data Variables in Rows,

Statistics in Sub Rows, and Group Variable in Columns)
To rotate the table, all we have to do is change the position of one of the items. To do this, change Data
Variable(s) Position to Rows and run the procedure again to get the results.

4 Modify the Data Variable(s) Position

• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 2b settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) Position ................................. Rows

5 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
State
────────────────
Variable Statistic Nevada Virginia Total
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Sales Price Count 88 62 150
Mean 170762.5 179543.5 174392
Standard Deviation 98665.72 96771.49 97656.81

Total Area (Sqft) Count 88 62 150

Mean 1881.33 1910.484 1893.38
Standard Deviation 788.569 708.6572 754.2496

Lot Size (Sqft)

Count 88 62 150
Mean 8571.454 8076.597 8366.913
Standard Deviation 2419.88 2301.226 2376.334
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table is now rotated with the data variables as rows and the group variable values as columns. Notice
that the actual summary statistic values are exactly the same.

Example 2c – Adjust Item Table Positions (Data Variables in Rows, Group

Variable in Sub Rows, and Statistics in Columns)
To change the table so that statistics are presented as columns with the group variable as subrows and the
data variables as rows, change the position of Statistics to Columns with the position for Data Variable(s)
still set to Rows and run the procedure again to get the results.

6 Modify the Statistics Position

• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 2c settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Statistics Position............................................. Columns

7 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Statistic
─────────────────────────
Standard
Variable State Count Mean Deviation
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Sales Price Nevada 88 170762.5 98665.72
Virginia 62 179543.5 96771.49
Total 150 174392 97656.81

Total Area (Sqft) Nevada 88 1881.33 788.569

Virginia 62 1910.484 708.6572
Total 150 1893.38 754.2496

Lot Size (Sqft)

Nevada 88 8571.454 2419.88
Virginia 62 8076.597 2301.226
Total 150 8366.913 2376.334
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table now has the data variables as rows and the group variable values as subrows with the statistics as
columns.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Example 3 – Variable Summary Report (Two Group

Variables)
The data used in this example are in the Pain dataset. In this example we will show you how to make even
more customizations to adjust the appearance of the tables and plots and how easy it is to make position
adjustments.

Setup
To run this example, complete the following steps:

1 Open the Pain example dataset

• From the File menu of the NCSS Data window, select Open Example Data.
• Select Pain and click OK.

2 Specify the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure options

• Find and open the Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables procedure using the menus or the
Procedure Navigator.
• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 3a settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) ............................................... Pain

Statistics .......................................................... Mean, Minimum, 25th Pctile, Median, 75th Pctile, Maximum
Include Group Variable 1 ................................. Checked
Variables .......................................................... Drug
Include Group Variable 2 ................................. Checked
Variables .......................................................... Time

Report Options Tab

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Display Group Variable Marginal Totals .......... Unchecked

on the Summary Tables
Use Short Statistical Names on Reports .......... Checked
and Plots
Sum, Mean, CI Limits Decimal Places ............. 2

Plots Tab: Separate Plots

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Show Bar Charts.............................................. Checked

Show Line Charts ............................................ Unchecked

Bar Chart Format (Click the Button)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Numeric Axis Tab

Max (Boundaries) ............................................ 100

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Plots Tab: Combined Plots

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Show Bar Charts.............................................. Checked

Show Line Charts ............................................ Unchecked

Bar Chart Format (Click the Button)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Group Axis Tab

Lower Axis Tick Label Layout (Click the Button)
Alignment ..................................................... Right
Rotation Angle.............................................. 45
Margin Above the Text ................................. 10

3 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

Output

Summary Table of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Time
──────────────────────────────────
Drug Statistic 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Kerlosin Mean 76.00 69.86 65.00 54.00 41.71 40.14
Min 68 62 59 46 34 33
25th Pctile 71 64 61 47 36 37
Median 77 68 65 56 43 41
75th Pctile 81 77 69 57 46 45
Max 83 80 72 64 48 46

Laposec Mean 72.29 71.00 64.00 60.57 52.43 51.71

Min 65 65 55 54 46 47
25th Pctile 68 67 60 56 47 49
Median 71 71 65 61 53 50
75th Pctile 78 77 68 65 56 56
Max 79 78 70 66 58 58

Placebo Mean 78.14 76.29 70.86 72.14 65.14 65.43

Min 69 66 62 67 61 60
25th Pctile 71 69 64 70 63 62
Median 79 78 70 73 65 67
75th Pctile 87 82 76 73 68 68
Max 87 84 81 76 69 70
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table is displays Group Variable 1 (Drug) values as the rows, the statistics as the subrows, and Group
Variable 2 (Time) values as the columns.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Plots of Each Statistic for Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

(More Plots Follow)

Individual plots are created with the table row item (Group Variable 1 --- “Drug”) on the group (X) axis and
the table column item (Group Variable 2 --- “Time”) as the legend variable. A separate plot is created for each
statistic. These plots are very useful for seeing overall trends. From the plots shown here, it is apparent that
the average and minimum pain response is lower for both drugs than for placebo and that the pain control
is better over time. Kerlosin appears to control pain the best from these results. Statistical tests would need
to be performed, however, to assert statistical significance in the differences.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Combined Plot(s) of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The combined plot displays all of the information in the table. We rotated the group axis labels so they
would not overlap and be readable. The table row item (Group Variable 1 --- “Drug”) and table sub row item
(Statistic) are combined on the group (X) axis. The table column item (Group Variable 2 --- “Time”) is the
legend variable.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Example 3b – Adjust Item Table Positions (Group 2 Variable in Rows, Group

1 Variable in Sub Rows, and Statistics in Columns)
To change the orientation on the tables and plots, simply change the position of the items. We will display
the Statistics as the columns and Time as the rows. This will put Drug as the sub row.

4 Modify the Statistics and Group Variable 2 Positions

• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 3b settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Statistics Position............................................. Columns

Group Variable 2 Position ................................ Rows

5 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

Summary Table of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Statistic
──────────────────────────────────────────
25th 75th
Time Drug Mean Min Pctile Median Pctile Max
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0.5 Kerlosin 76.00 68 71 77 81 83
Laposec 72.29 65 68 71 78 79
Placebo 78.14 69 71 79 87 87

1 Kerlosin 69.86 62 64 68 77 80
Laposec 71.00 65 67 71 77 78
Placebo 76.29 66 69 78 82 84

1.5 Kerlosin 65.00 59 61 65 69 72

Laposec 64.00 55 60 65 68 70
Placebo 70.86 62 64 70 76 81

2 Kerlosin 54.00 46 47 56 57 64
Laposec 60.57 54 56 61 65 66
Placebo 72.14 67 70 73 73 76

2.5 Kerlosin 41.71 34 36 43 46 48

Laposec 52.43 46 47 53 56 58
Placebo 65.14 61 63 65 68 69

3 Kerlosin 40.14 33 37 41 45 46
Laposec 51.71 47 49 50 56 58
Placebo 65.43 60 62 67 68 70
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The table displays Group Variable 2 (Time) values as the rows, Group Variable 1 (Drug) values as the
subrows, and the statistics as the columns.

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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Plots of Each Statistic for Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

(More Plots Follow)

The individual plots are different now with the table row item (Group Variable 2 --- “Time”) on the group (X)
axis and the table column item (Group Variable 1 --- “Drug”) as the legend variable. A separate plot is created
for each statistic. These plots are again useful for seeing overall trends. There is a very distinct reduction in
pain over time.

201-19
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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Combined Plot(s) of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Again, the combined plot displays all of the information in the table. The table row item (Group Variable 2 ---
“Time”) and table sub row item (Group Variable 1 --- “Drug”) are combined on the group (X) axis. The table
column item (Statistic) is the legend variable.

Example 3c – Adjust Item Table Positions (Creating a Separate Table for

each Data Variable and Statistic Combination)
It is easy to create a separate table for each data variable and statistic combination (this can only be done
when there is at least one group variable). We will display a separate table for each statistic with Time as
the rows and Drug as the columns. There will be no sub row item.

6 Modify the Data Variable(s), Statistics, and Group Variable 2 Positions

• The settings for this example are listed below and are stored in the Example 3c settings file. To load
these settings to the procedure window, click Open Example Settings File in the Help Center or File
menu.

Variables Tab
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Data Variable(s) Position ................................. Tables

Statistics Position............................................. Tables
Group Variable 2 Position ................................ Rows

7 Run the procedure

• Click the Run button to perform the calculations and generate the output.

201-20
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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Summary Table of Mean of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Drug
───────────────────────
Time Kerlosin Laposec Placebo
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0.5 76.00 72.29 78.14
1 69.86 71.00 76.29
1.5 65.00 64.00 70.86
2 54.00 60.57 72.14
2.5 41.71 52.43 65.14
3 40.14 51.71 65.43
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Plot(s) of Mean of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Summary Table of Min of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Drug
───────────────────────
Time Kerlosin Laposec Placebo
───────────────────────────────────────────────────
0.5 68 65 69
1 62 65 66
1.5 59 55 62
2 46 54 67
2.5 34 46 61
3 33 47 60
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

201-21
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Descriptive Statistics – Summary Tables

Plot(s) of Min of Pain

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

(Report continues with table and plot for each Data Variable/Statistic combination)

A separate table is created for each Data Variable/Statistic combination. If more than one data variable were
entered, the report would be even longer. There is no combined plot in the output because the combined
plot is the same as the individual plot in this case.

201-22
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