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Development of Wireless Electronic Voting Machine as an Effective

Enhancement of Voting System Security

Research · March 2018

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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 109 – 112
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Development of Wireless Electronic Voting Machine as an Effective
Enhancement of Voting System Security

**D. S. Kumbhar F. H. Kurne Inamdar *H. C. Chaudhari

3
Department of Electronic Science Department of Electronic Science Department of Physics, J.E.S. College,
Modern College, Ganshkhind, Pune Abeda Inamdar Sr. College, Pune, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Voting system mechanism for election in India has gone through multiple changes. Last two decades, the Election Commission of
India is using Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) for recording, storing and counting of votes. This paper presents, a highly secured and voters-
friendly Wireless Electronic Voting Machine based on microcontroller and Zigbee Technology. The designed wireless EVM consists of two
units, viz. Ballet unit and Control unit. Both the units are connected wirelessly through secured Zigbee protocol and able to communicate within
200 meter range. The voting information details will be transmitted from Ballet unit to the Control unit through secured Zigbee communication
and securely stored at the Control unit. This wireless EVM has vote confirmation facility for the voter which increases the transparency in voting
system. It can store up to sixty five thousand votes and polling result of each candidate can be viewed within a minute. It is battery operated,
voter- friendly, secured wireless, cost effective and portable.

Keywords- Arduino Uno,ElectronicVotingMachine, EEPROM,Voter-friendly, VVPAT, Zigbee

__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
shown in Fig. 1. Only the Polling Officer has access to control
I. INTRODUCTION unit while the Ballot unit placed inside the voting booth is for
India is the one of the largest democratic country in the voter.[3]
world. There are more than 800 million people eligible to vote
as per Election Commission of India [1] [8]. In India all earlier
election, either it‟s state elections or central elections a voter
used ballot paper to cast vote by putting the stamp next to
favorite candidate name. Then voter folding the ballot paper in
a prescribe manner and putting it in the ballot box. This is a
long, time-consuming process and prone to errors. Over the
years, there was a pronounced increase in the volume of work:
millions of ballot papers had to be printed and millions of ballot
boxes had to be manufactured, transported, and kept in storage;
and a great amount of time was taken up by the conduct of
elections. To overcome these difficulties, the Election
Commission of India is using Electronic Voting Machine
(EVM) instead of paper ballet for recording, storing and
counting of votes since year 2000 [4][5][6].The improvement
in the EVM machine designing and development with the
greatest care is continuously going on which plays critical role
in determining results of an election, since for last two decades.
The Election Commission has plan to used the voter-verifiable
Figure 1. Existing Electronic Voting Machine
paper audit trail (VVPAT) facility with EVM in coming
Loksabha election in the year 2019 [7]. Still some political However, the existing EVM has limitations. Few of them
parties have raised the technical questions about the present
are enlisted below.
EVM viz. hacking and total vote count goes to the particular
candidate in the present EVM. In this paper, the designed 1. The maximum candidate‟s allotted per control unit is up
wireless EVM provides the solution for the questions raise by to 64 only.
political parties by adding a new feature vote confirmation with 2. Each control can record up to 3840 votes only.
candidate name (VCCN). 3. Vote recoding time in control unit is 1 minute for 5
II. LITERATURE SURVEY voters.
4. The complexity is increases when more than one Ballot
units are to be connected to control unit by cable.
The existing EVM used by the Election Commission
In the earlier election, some political parties raised the
consists of two units, i. Control Unit, ii. Ballot unit. Maximum
questions about transparency in voting machine. Therefore,
four ballot units can be connected to a control unit and each
Election Commission newly added the voter verifiable paper
ballot unit has 16 candidates [1] [2]. These units are kept apart
audit trail (VVPAT) facility along with existing EVM for
from each other and are connected by a five-meter cable as
voter as shown in Fig.2 [7].
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 109 – 112
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Figure 2. Electronic Voting Machine with VVPT b) Control Unit

EVM with VVPAT facility has resolved queries about vote Figure 3. Block diagram of for Wireless Electronic Voting Machine:
transparency but new problems were also introduced. Apart (a) Ballot Unit and (b) Control Unit
from above mentioned limitation in existing EVM, it has A) Ballot Unit
following disadvantages. Each ballot unit is designed using AT89S52
1. VVPT along with printer increases the size and microcontroller based system. It consists of 16x2 LCD
weight. display section, candidate name list with their party
2. Increased complexity in hardware setup and symbol, voting button section with Buzzer and LED
connectivity.
3. Issues such as handling, storing and dumping of voter indication, and trans-receiver ZigBee section.
verifiable paper are created. 1) LCD display section: It is 16 x 2 line LCD display
4. Question on right of confidential vote has arisen due used to display candidate name and total vote count.
to verifiable paper. It displays name of candidate for whom the voter has
This paper present wireless electronic voting machine pressed button. It is verification of vote given to
with vote confirmation with candidate name (VCCN) to choice of candidate by voter after pressing a vote
overcome above mentioned limitations and problems .
button. The candidate name will be displayed OFF
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WIRELESS ELECTRONIC from the LCD display only after voter confirmation.
VOTING MACHINE Then it will display the total vote count which is
The designed wireless EVM consists of two units namely, increment by one.
Ballot Unit and Control Unit. Both the units are connected 2) Voting button section: The voter can cast a vote by
through wireless Zigbee network as shown in Figure 3. pressing „vote button‟ next to candidate‟s name. After
pressing vote button, Light Emitting Diode (LED)
glows next to that candidate‟s name.
3) Audiovisual section: It consists of buzzer and Light
Emitting Diode (LED).When voter button is pressed,
buzzer and LED both are activated simultaneously.
They will remain ON until the confirm/reject button
is pressed from the Control Unit. After that, the Ballet
Unit is ready for next voting.
4) Zigbee Trans-receiver section: It consists of a Zigbee
Device. It is used to setup secured wireless
communication between Control Unit and Ballot
Unit.

B) Control Unit
a) Ballot Unit It is an Arduino Uno ATmega328 based system
along with Zigbee device. It consists of LCD display
section, vote confirmation, rejection and final result button
section and trans-receiver section.
1) LCD display section: It is 16x 2 line LCD display
used for dual purpose. It is use to display total
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 109 – 112
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
number of votes and it also displays candidate name
with no of votes counted.
2) Confirmation and Rejection Button: If
„Confirmation button‟ is pressed on Control unit, then
vote is recorded for that particular candidate. After
that, no further vote by the same voter will be
recorded. This way the EVMs ensure the principle of
„one man, one vote‟. If the voter is not agree with
candidate name displayed on LCD of Ballot unit then
presiding officer will press „Reject Button‟ so that
voter can revote.
3) Result Button: This button is used for the votes
recorded therein shall be counted. When this Result
button is pressed, the total number of votes recorded
for each candidate at the polling station shall be
displayed automatically in the Display Panels of the
control unit. The result can be produce within fraction
of seconds.
4) Zigbee Trans-receiver section: This section consists
of Zigbee Device. It is used to setup secured wireless
communication between Control Unit and Ballot
Unit.

IV. PROTOTYPE AND FUNCTIONAL FLOW CHART

(c) Functional flow chart

Figure 4. (a). Ballot Unit, (b) Control Unit & (c) Functional flow chart
The prototype wireless EVM is programmed in C/C++
languages using Keil uVision3 and open source Arduino (IDE)
(a) Ballot Unit software. For secured wireless communication between Ballot
Unit and Control Unit, XCTU software tool is used to set-up
and configure Zigbee RF modules. The prototype of EVM and
Functional flow chart is shown in Figure 4.

V. RESULT
The designed wireless EVM can record up to 65000 votes
into control unit. There is provision for 16 candidates in a
single balloting unit. Multiple ballot units can be used if the
numbers of candidates are more than 16.The ballot unit and
control unit are connected to each other with wireless Zigbee
technology. After pressing voting button, the candidate name
is displayed on LCD display of ballet unit and after
confirmation from control unit the name will be displayed
(b) Control Unit OFF from the display. The voter can change his/her choice of

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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 109 – 112
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the candidate before the confirmation by pressing button next
to the candidate name. After the confirmation, the voter can‟t
change his vote by press any button. The total number voter is
displayed on control units‟ LCD display continuously.

VI. CONCLUSION
In this wireless EVM system, Zigbee RF modules are used
to achieve a secured voting. It overcomes the draw backs of
existing voting machine with new additional features viz.
candidate name and vote confirmation facility for the voter
(VCCN), reselection of candidate before confirmation and
polling result can be viewed with a minute. It is battery
operated, voter- friendly, cost effective and portable so that
it can be use to conduct various elections anywhere in the
country.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to anticipate and thank the Mr. Ramkant
Bhujbal Director, Future Chip Technologies, Pune for
technical assistant and Dr. Varsha Bapat, Modern College
for sponsoring the project.
REFERENCES
[1] Election Commission of India , “Annual Report,2016” ,
Published in 2017 by the Election Commission of India.
[2] M. Sudhakar, B.Divya Soundarya Sai,” Biometric System
Based Electronic Voting Machine Using Arm9
Microcontroller”, IOSR Journal of Electronics and
Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-
2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 1, Ver. II (Jan -
Feb. 2015), pp 57-65.
[3] Vishesh Shrivastava & Girish Tere , “An Analysis of
Electronic Voting Machine for its Effectiveness”,
International Journal of Computing Experiments (IJCE) Vol
No. 1, Issue No. 1 (August 2016), pp 8-12.
[4] Mr. Soumen Ghosh ,“Development of Microcontroller Based
Electronic Voting Machine(EVM)”, IOSR Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), Volume
9, Issue 2 Ver. VII (Mar – Apr. 2014), pp 01-03.
[5] Dhinesh Kumar and others, “Embedded System based Voting
Machine System using Wireless Technology”, International
Journal Of Innovative Research In Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2,
February 2016.pp 127-130.
[6] Jagriti Kumari and others, “ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINE USING ZIGBEE” International Journal of
Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 03 Special
Issue: 07 | May-2014,pp 11-16.
[7] Electronic Voting Machines in India: A Status Paper,Report
by Election of India.
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India.

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