RETAIL OUTLET DESIGN

MANUAL

FOR AFILIATES USE & GUIDANCE

June 2009
Casablanca- Morocco
 Retail Outlet Design Manual

Table of Contents

Page
1. Purpose………………………………………………………. 6
2. Scope………………………………………………………… 6
3. Standards……………………………………………………… 7
4. Benefit to be achieved……………………………………... 7
5. Design Considerations…………………………………….. 8
5.1 Guideline on number of filling positions………………… 8
5.2 Number of Pay Points….…………………………………. 13
5.3 Number of Pay Points.….…………………………………. 13
5.4 Minimum tank size…………………………………………… 14

6. Site Selection……………………………………………….. 16
6.1 Visibility and Accessibility…………………………………… 16
6.2 Traffic flow……………………………………………………. 19
6.3 Maneuverability……………………………………………… 19
6.3.1 Entrance & Exist……………………………………. 19
6.3.2 Location of First Island…………………………….. 19
6.3.3 Distance between Building and Islands…………. 20
6.3.4 Clear space between Islands…………………….. 20
6.3.5 Exit path for Delivery Truck……………………….. 20
6.3.6 Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) Lane ………………… 23
6.3.7 Car Parking…………………………………………. 24
6.3.8 HDV Parking………………………………………… 25
6.4 Plot Sizes and Proportions……………………………. …… 26
6.5 Natural ground level relative to road………………………. 27
6.6 Availability of Utilities………………………………………… 27

7. Standard Site Layouts……………………………………. 28

7.1 Type (A) Standard Site Layout…………………………….. 28
7.2 Type (B) Standard Site Layout……………………………… 31
7.3 Type (C) Standard Site Layout…………………………….. 34
7.4 Type (D) Standard Site Layout…………………………….. 37

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8. Non Standard Site Layouts………………………………. 40

8.1 Narrow frontage site………………………………………… 41
8.2 Shallow depth site…………………………………………… 42
8.3 Sites at road intersection…………………………………… 43
8.4 Highway Sites and Truck Stops…………………………… 45
8.4.1 Site Visibility………………………………………… 45
8.4.2 Traffic Flow…………………………………………. 45
8.4.3 Parking………………………………………………. 46
8.4.4 Additional offers to be considered in the Layout… 46

9. Sales building……………………………………………….. 48
9.1 Locating the sales building…………………………………. 48
9.2 Car Parking…………………………………………………… 48
9.3 Building external appearance………………………………. 48
9.4 Side and rear elevations……………………………………. 49
9.5 Building Blocks - Interiors ………………………………….. 49
9.5.1 Shop…………………………………………………. 49
9.5.2 Office………………………………………………… 50
9.5.3 Toilets……………………………………………….. 51
9.5.4 Storage Areas………………………………………. 51
9.5.5 Staff’s break away area…………………………… 52
9.5.6 Electrical distribution room………………………… 52
9.5.7 Trash area / fenced corner……………………….. 52
9.5.8 Internal walls……………………………………….. 53
9.6 Design life……………………………………………………. 53

10. Canopy……………………………………………………….. 54
10.1 Introduction…………………………………………………… 54
10.2 Design considerations………………………………………. 54
10.3 HDV Canopy…………………………………………………. 54
10.4 Canopy Illumination…………………………………………. 55

11. Pump Island……………………………………………….. 57

11.1 Pump Islands for Cars………………………………………. 57
11.2 HDV Pump Islands………………………………………… 59
11.3 Dispensers…………………………………………………. 60
11.4 Pay Point …………………………………………………… 61

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11.5 Service Units at pump islands……………………………. 61

12. Service bays……………………………………………….. 62

12.1 Service bay for Cars - Oil Change………………………. 62
12.2 Design considerations……………………………………. 62
12.3 Service bay for HDV……………………………………… 64

13. Car wash………………………………………………….. 68

13.1 General requirements……………………………………… 68
13.2 Location and size………………………………………….. 68

14. Air and Water Facility……………………………………. 72

14.1 Location………………………………………………………. 72
14.2 Requirements……………………………………………….. 72

15.0 Sign Location…………………………………………….. 74

15.1 General guidelines…………………………………………… 74
15.2 Positioning of Signs…………………………………………. 75
15.2.1 Prime signs………………………………………….. 75
15.2.2 Canopy Fascia ……………………………………… 75
15.2.3 Signage over the pump island……………………. 75
15.2.4 Information signs…………………………………… 77
15.2.5 Directional signs…………………………………….. 79
15.2.6 Entrance and Exit signs…………………………… 79

16.0 Drainage…………………………………………………… 76
16.1 General rule………………………………………………….. 76
16.2 Effluent disposal guidelines………………………………… 76
16.3 Drainage layout considerations……………………………. 78
16.4 Drainage layout options……………………………………. 79

17.0 Paving……………………………………………………… 86
17.1 General………………………………………………………. 86
17.2 Design considerations for Impervious/ Hard pavements. 87
17.3 Flexible Pavement Design………………………………….. 88
17.4 Kerbs………………………………………………………….. 95

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18. Landscaping and Boundaries……………………………. 96

18.1 General Principles…………………………………………… 96
18 Landscaping with Plants……………………………………. 97
18.3 Landscaping with hard surfaces…………………………… 97
18.4 Boundary walling, Fencing and Hedges…………………. 99

19. Site Lighting and Electrical Installation Requirements. 101

19.1 General……………………………………………………… 101
19.2 Site Lighting………………………………………………… 101
19.2.1 Entrance / Exit and Drive-way Lighting……………….. …102
19.2.2 Under- canopy Lighting………………………………102
19.2.3 Road Tanker Discharge Points Lighting……………103
18.2.4 Peripheral Road Lighting w/ Sensitive Areas….. …104
19.3 Electrical Installation Requirements……………………........106
19.3.1 Earthing……………………………………….............106
19.3.2 Lightning Protection System………………………...106
19.3.3 Main Distribution Board (MDB)……………………...107
19.3.4 Electrical Wiring……………………………………….109
19.3.5 As-built Circuit Diagram………………………………109
19.3.6 Warning Signs…………………………………………109
19.3.7 Emergency Switch……………………………………110
19.3.8 Illumination Levels…………………………………….111

20. Attachment1- Tool-kit to determine no of filling positions.111

21. Abbreviations used…………………………………………112

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

Retail Outlet Design Manual

1. Purpose

Among other focus areas in retail, optimizing the design of retail outlets
through standardization is one major task to be addressed to meet the
Libya Oil Retail Vision stated below

“Be Retail Market Leader by offering Best-in-Class Service to our

Customers, Support Affiliates to work in a safe work place and help them
to achieve the most profitable and positive financial results”

Therefore, this manual is prepared to set standards and guidelines for

major components forming part of retail outlet facilities.

The standardization bases itself on the following factors:

• Meeting customers needs for convenience

• Optimizing visibility and accessibility of fuels and non-fuels offers
• Consistent application of the brand identity
• Applying best-practices to deliver fit-for-purpose design solutions
• Selection of durable construction materials base on total cost of
ownership (TCO).
• Availability of tools/ equipment, materials and skills in key markets
• Construction time (speed of developing the facility)

2. Scope

The scope of this manual covers the following outlet components

• Site Selection
• Site layout
• Building blocks (shop, office, toilets, stores, attendants room, etc)
• Canopy
• Pump Islands
• Service bays
• Carwash
• Parking
• Air and Water points

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• Sign locations
• Drainage
• Paving
• Boundaries and Landscaping
• Site Lighting and Electrical Installation requirements

The following components are excluded form the scope as already

covered under Outlet Equipment Manual. Reference will be made to this
manual from time to time in relevant areas.

• Underground Tank Installation

• Fueling system - Pipework & Dispensers
• Vapor Recovery
• Safety Distances
• Oil Separators
• CNG Outlet Installation
• LPG Outlet Installation

3. Standards
Direct references to material specifications are occasionally provided
versus recognized national standards like BS, DIN, MEMA, etc.

Local Affiliates may consider substituting local standard to meet

regulation requirements if there is no significant reduction in quality,
appearance or performance of the product.

In developing these standards, besides the recognized national

standards mentioned above, also best practices witnessed in the Oil
Industry have been adopted.

4. Benefit to be achieved
• Sites will be developed to same standard regardless of where it is
built
• Increased opportunities for common procurement
• Speedy design for new sites and knock-down and rebuild
• Less design resources required
• Reduced construction time

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5. Design Considerations
The key factors considered in setting this design standard were:
• Visibility and Accessibility
• Vehicles Maneuverability
• Safety Distances
• Traffic flow
• Determination of number of filling positions

The above four factors will be discussed in depth under section 6 - site
selection, therefore, this section will only provide guidelines on the last
bullet point, which is determination of number of filling positions.

5.1 Guideline on number of filling positions

Below are two alternative methods that could be used to calculate

optimal number of filling positions. Both methods could lead to
reasonably accurate results if backed with proper benchmark with
existing similar sites in the region or in the network. Sites to-compare-
with could be within own network or competitor site(s).

The outcome of the computation should be treated as an indicative than

being conclusive. Conclusion should only be drawn after validating the
result versus the benchmark. Some adjustment may be needed to round
it off to closest whole number.

Two alternative methods

Method 1 - Using customer vehicle arrival rate

This method uses as an input average time customer vehicle occupies a

filling position and peak vehicle arrival rate per hour.

The following simple formula can be used to compute number of filing

positions using the above-mentioned inputs

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NFP = PHVAR ÷ AT

Where, AT : Average time vehicle occupies a filling position

PHVAR : Peak hourly vehicle arrival rate

NFP : Number of filling positions

Peak hourly vehicle arrival rate is computed using the following formula

PHVAR = (Annual vol x PMFxPWFxPDFxPHF) ÷ average off take

Where PMF : % age of Peak Month volume vs. annual volume

PWF : % age of Peak Week vol vs. volume of that month

PDF : % age of Peak day vol vs. total volume of that week

PHF : % age of Peak hour vol vs. total volume of that day

• The average fills per customer may vary considerably between

countries, regions and even districts. Value usually ranges
between 10 – 30 liters per vehicle for cars and 200 liters for heavy-
duty vehicle.

• Prediction of arrival rate of customer vehicles should give due

consideration to daily, weekly and monthly ’peaking’.

• Amount of time that customer vehicle spends at filling position

depends on the average take-off and pay point for fuels ( forecourt
or the sales building / self-service or attended )

• All fuel grades for passenger cars should be availed at all filling
positions, except at HDV Island where only diesel is required

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Total time customer vehicle occupies filling position consists of:

• Average time to refuel a vehicle including any car care checks.

• Average time to pay for fuel and any other transactions

• If no parking in front of the shop, time spent in the sales building.

The chart below helps to determine number of islands/ filling positions

for typical site if data on arrival rate during peak hour is available or could
be estimated fairly accurate.

The volume forecast in the DCF may not necessarily be same with
annual turnover in the chart, as the turnover in the chart is a function of
average off-take and arrival rates.

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Method 2 - The Rule of Thumb

This is a more simplified approach that can be used in case where the
necessary data required to apply the above formula is lacking

Often Engineers encounter lack of credible data, particularly for NTI; in

such instance, this experience-based approach would help to determine
fairly accurate number of filling positions

Guidelines on how to apply the rule of thumb

1) For sites located in a network with relatively high average through put
> 75,000 per filling position per month, the following applies

1.1. For forecourt predominately serving passenger vehicles, this

refers to filling points under the main canopy; provide one filling
position for every 75,000 liters of sales volume per month.

1.2. If diesel volume is > 1,500,000 liters per annum, there is a need
to have dedicated HDV Pump Island. In such case, use 150,000
liters per filling position per month, as filling time is much faster
because of high-speed pump and higher off-take.

2) For site located in a network with average though put < 75,000 liters
per filling position per month, the following applies

2.1. For forecourt predominately serving passenger vehicles, this

refers to filling points under the main canopy; provide one filling
position for every 50,000 liters sales volume per month.

2.2. If diesel volume is > 1,500,000 liters per annum, there is a need
to have dedicated HDV Pump Island. In this case, use 150,000
liters per filling position per month as filling time is much faster
because of high speed pump and high off-take

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Here is illustration how to apply the above guidelines

Example

Determine optimal number of filling positions for the NTI with the
following data:

• Total annual sales volume : 7,200,000 liters

• Total annual diesel sales volume 3,000,000 liters.
• Estimated diesel volume of light vehicles is 30% of the total diesel
• Site average through put is 90,000 lts per filling position per month.

Solution

Here Rule-of-thumb-1 applies as the site is located in high through put

network.

Diesel vol for HDV island = 3,000,000 – 30% x 3,000,000 = 2,100,000 lts

HDV Pump Island will be required as diesel volume for heavy vehicles is
greater than the threshold limit of 1,500,000 lts per annum.

HDV Monthly diesel sales volume = 2,100,000 ÷ 12 = 175,000 lts

Monthly volume to be sold at the forecourt (all grades) =

(7,200,000 - 3,000,000 + 900000) ÷ 12 = 425,000 liters per month

Filling positions computation for forecourt:

425,000 lts/ month ÷ 75000 lts/ month = 5.67 Filling positions

Filling position(s) computation for HDV:

175,000 lts/ month ÷ 150000 lts/month = 1.17 filling positions

After rounding off, 6 filling positions (3 pump islands) at forecourt, and 1

HDV filling position

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

Recommendation:

3-pump Island at the forecourt + one HGV Pump island fitted with duo
pump or pump assisted by slave pump are considered adequate.

Automated tool-kit

XL Spreadsheet based tool-kit is also available to automatically compute

number of filling positions. See attachment -1

5.2 Number of Pay Points

• < 6 Filling Positions + < 60 m2 Shop ………. One pay point

• > 6 Filling Positions + 120 m2 shop ………. Two pay points

5.3 Guideline on determination Tank sizes

Key factors to be considered to optimally determine storage capacities of

underground fuel storage tanks are listed below:

• Anticipated number of fuel grades to be offered on site during the

lifetime of the station.

• Daily sales volume forecast by grade

• % of each grade versus total daily sales volume

• Seasonal peaking of the sales volume

• Regulatory requirement in terms of security stock, if any

• Delivery lead-time for replenishment, check this with supply &

distribution department. Normally 2 - 4 days

• The safety buffer, which is equal to 5% of the total storage

capacity. This provision is made to avoid over-filling. Tank should
not be filled beyond 95% of it’s capacity

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

• Minimum drop volume, which normally fixed by supply and

distribution department.

• Minimum one tank / compartment per grade is needed.

5.4 Minimum tank size

The bear minimum capacity for underground fuel storage tank at NTI,
Rebuild or Major Upgrades should be determined by each Affiliate
locally, however it should not be smaller than 10 m3 for any future
developments.

Example on how to fix tank sizes

Determine optimal tank sizes for NTI site with the following data:

Sales volume forecast by grade

Product Grade Y1 (m3/annum) Y2 (m3/annum) Y3 (m3/annum) Y4 (m3/annum)

Vol % Vol % Vol % Vol %
Mogas 400 13,3% 375 11,3% 350 10,3% 325 9,4%
Premium gasoline 100 3,3% 150 4,5% 200 5,9% 235 6,8%
AGO 2 500 83,3% 2 800 84,2% 2 850 83,8% 2 900 83,8%
Total 3 000 100,0% 3 325 100,0% 3 400 100,0% 3 460 100,0%

• Minimum drop size : 5 m3, as obtained from supply & distribution

• Delivery lead time : 3 days, s obtained from supply & distribution

• Security stock : 2 days sales required by law

• Monthly seasonal peak: 10%

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

Solution:

Average daily sales volume forecast is calculated in the spreadsheet

below

Product Grade Y1 (m3/annum) Y2 (m3/annum) Y3 (m3/annum) Y4 (m3/annum)

Vol % Vol % Vol % Vol %
Mogas 1,21 13,3% 1,13 11,3% 1,05 10,3% 0,98 9,4%
Premium gasoline 0,30 3,3% 0,45 4,5% 0,60 5,9% 0,71 6,8%
AGO 7,53 83,3% 8,44 84,2% 8,59 83,8% 8,74 83,8%
Total 9,04 100,0% 10,02 100,0% 10,25 100,0% 10,43 100,0%

Y1 day sales, after amending for seasonal peak = 9.04*1.1= 9.95 m3

Y4 day sales, after amending for seasonal peak = 10.43x1.1=11.47 m3

Total storage required is based on 3-day supply lead-time and security

stock of 2 days = 11.47 x 5 = 57.35 m3

It is not permissible to fill tank beyond 95%, hence the capacity has to be
57.35m3 ÷ 0.95 ~ 60 m3

Storage requirement by grade based on % age vs. total

Mogas = 60 m3 x 13.3% = 7.98 m3, say 8 m3

Premium gasoline = 60 m3 x 6.8% = 4 m3

AGO = 60 m3 x 83.8% = 50 m3

Recommended tank sizes, rounded to 5 m3

Mogas : 8 m3 is smaller than the bear minimum size set for

new developments, hence use 10 m3
Premium gasoline : 4 m3 is smaller than the bear minimum size set for
new development, hence use 10 m3
AGO/ Diesel : Use one 30 m3 and 20 m3

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

6. Site Selection

Once a retail site is identified as a prospective site by network team, then

it has to be validated by the project engineer to check if suitable using
the following criteria.

• Visibility and Accessibility

• Traffic flow
• Vehicles Maneuverability
• Plot size and proportions, frontage versus depth
• Levels relative to road
• Availability of utilities

6.1 Visibility and Accessibility

• Visibility from approach side: - A prospective retail site should be

visible to motorists form a distant in order for them to safely
decelerate, change lanes and enter the site to get services offered
at the site.

• Entrance & Exit: - There should be a clear and well-defined path/

access to enter and exit the site safely by vehicles coming to refill,
including the delivery truck.

• Deceleration / Acceleration lanes : - If the site is located on

highway or transient road associated with relatively high speed
traffic, then, there should be enough space to widen the road for
deceleration lane upstream of the entrance and for acceleration
lane down stream of the exit point

• Road curvature: - Site located on the side where the stretch of the
road is making an interior curve is not recommended as it
undermines the visibility. See figure 1&2 below

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

Figure 1 – e.g. of bad location

Figure 2– e.g. of good location

• Natural ground level relative to road: - ideally site should be

about same level with the road to avoid huge earth work (cut / fill)

• Road Intersection: - Avoid site located at road intersection,

particularly if located on highway or transient roads associated with
high traffic speed. In the event where such sites are located within
residential district, with low traffic speed (< 60 km per hour), it
might worth to consider as it enables capturing of traffics from two
or more roads joining at the intersection.

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• Surrounding development: - Take not of future land use in the

surrounding areas as things like high-rise buildings, forestry, other
structure to be developed in the neighborhood might negatively
affect the site visibility.

• Road barriers: - Road barriers such as median made of concrete

obstruct site visibility and accessibility from lane opposite to the
site. See figure below

Figure 3 – Bad, no access

Figure 4– Good, barrier opened

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 Retail Outlet Design Manual

6.2 Traffic flow

• Site layout should be designed to cater one-way traffic flow through

the forecourt to avoid conflicting traffic.

• Location of entrance & exit should ensure smooth movements of

the vehicles. It should be smoothly linked to deceleration and
acceleration lane where applicable. Should not neither be very
steep nor sharply dropping from the road level for smooth drive in/
out

• Refueling positions should be clearly visible from entrance point

• Location of entrance/exit must consider any development plans or

road improvement schemes, over the design life of the project.

6.3 Maneuverability

Following key dimensions must be respected in designing forecourt

layout in order to provide smooth and safe vehicle movements in the
forecourt and the backyard

6.3.1 Entrance & Exist

It should have a minimum width of 6 m. The recommended approach

angle is 60 Degrees from horizontal line parallel to the road. See
figure 5

6.3.2 Location of First Island

The first island nearer to the road should have the following minimum
clear distance between the pump island and the kerb around the
flowerbed separating the forecourt and the main road

1. When no vehicle is allowed to pass while the other is busy

refilling. Minimum 3.5 m clear space up to kerb on the side of
the road. See figure 5

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2. When vehicles are allowed to pass while the other is busy

refilling. Minimum 6.0 m clear space up to the kerb on the side
of the road. See figure 5

6.3.3 Distance between Building and Islands

• Should be 10 m with out parking in front of the building

measured from pump island to kerb in front of the shop building
See figure 5

• With parking, it should be 14 m. See figure 5

• Echelon layout 45o Pump Island, with out parking, minimum

distance reduces from 10 to 8 m. See figure 7

• Echelon layout 45o Pump Island, parking in front of shop, the

required distance reduces from 14 to 13 m. See figure 7

6.3.4 Clear space between Islands

• Tollgate layout – Clear space between islands has to be

minimum 5.50 m, but if some heavy good vehicles are sharing
the forecourt, it is recommended to make it 6.00 m. See figure 6

• Foursquare layout – Clear space between islands in

transverse direction (perpendicular to centerline of the road) has
to be 7.50 m and 7.5 m between the islands on the first and
second columns (measured along the longitudinal direction/
perpendicular to the shop building). See figure 6

• Echelon layout - Clear space between islands has be minimum

5.50 m, but if some heavy good vehicles are expected to share
the forecourt, it is recommended to make it 6.00 m

6.3.5 Exit path for Delivery Truck

• For delivery truck to safely exit from a site, in case of emergency

or upon completion the discharging operation, there should be

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an adequate space between the canopy and the discharge

point.

• Recommendation is to locate the discharge point 18 m away

from the second island up to the kerb of the remote fill,
measured along the centerline of the island parallel to the road.
See figure 5

Figure 5 – Zero degree tollgate site layout

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Figure 6 – Four Square site layout

Figure 7 - Echelon layout with 45-Degree pump Island configuration

• Min distance from pump

island to shop = 8 m (if no
parking in front of shop), with
parking 13 m
• Approach distance min 9 m
between pump island and
kerb
• Min clearance between
parking on the side and
fourth island from right to left
is 9 m
• Clear distance between
Islands = 5.5 m measured
perpendicular to island
• Remote fill next to 3 island
rd

to avoid blockage of entrance

by delivery truck

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6.3.6 Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) Lane

Sites with annual diesel sales volume in excesses of one million liter
should have a dedicated heavy-duty pump island and access lane.
The minimum distance from the pump island to the kerb on the
approach side should be minimum 22 m for lane width of 4.0 meter
and 90o turn. The distance between the pump island and the kerb
could be reduced if the width of the lane increased over 4 m. See
figure 8 and 9 below

Figure 8 – HDV Pump Island and Driveway

• HDV Canopy is optional

• Canopy height min = 5 m
• Approach distance min 22.5 m
• Lane width min = 4 m
• Dispenser flow rate 130 lts/ min

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Figure 9 – Approach distance for HDV Pump Island

Lane width E Turning angle A Approach distance (x)

4.0 m 90 degree 22.5 m
4.5 m 90 degree 19.5 m
5.0 m 90 degree 18.0 m
5.5 m 90 degree 16.5 m
o
Approach distance (x) could reduce if A is less than 90

6.3.7 Car Parking

The car parking in front of the shop and carwash area should have a
minimum width of 2.5 meters and a length of 5 meters. The number of
parking space required depends on the size of the shop, number of
carwash, Non fuel offers (NFR), the plot size, and the local legislation.
See figure below

Figure 10 – Car parking space dimension and turning radius

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6.3.8 HDV Parking

Truck parking should have a minimum width of 3.9 m and a length of

18 meters. Mostly the number of parking space required depends on
the nature of services offered on the site and plot size. For further
detail, see figure below

Figure 11 – HDV parking space dimension and turning radius

Road Width Parking width A Road width Parking width A

o o o o o o o o
C 45 60 75 90 C 45 60 75 90
4.0 5.5 6.7 7.8 8.8 7 4.4 5.5 6.4 7.4
5.0 5.1 6.2 7.3 8.3 8 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.9
6.0 4.7 5.8 6.8 7.9 9 3.9 4.8 5.7 6.6

Note
1. The table applies to standard semi-trailers and tractors traveling at a speed of 5km/h.

2. Distance B is determined by the angle and the width of the parking.

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6.4 Plot Sizes and Proportions

The plot sizes indicated below are regarded to be optimal for services
bundled under the following five categories.

1. Site with 4 pump islands at the forecourt, one pump island for HDV,
Carwash and Lubricating bay and Shop size 120 m2.

Plot size: ~ 3000 m2, frontage 64 m x depth 47 m

2. Site with 3 pump islands at the forecourt, Carwash and Lubricating

bay, Shop size 60 m2 with access road at the back of the building.

Plot size: 1800 m2, frontage 57 m x depth 32 m

3. Site with 3 pump islands at the forecourt, Lubricating bay, Shop

size 30 m2. No access road at the back of the building.

Plot size: 1500 m2, frontage 50 m x depth 30

4. Site with 2 pump islands at the forecourt, a Pump Island for HDV,
Lubricating bay, Shop size 30 m2.

Plot size: 2100 m2, frontage 60 m x depth 35 m

5. Site with 2 pump islands at the forecourt, Lubricating bay, Shop

size 30 m2. No access road at the back of the building

Plot size: ~1400 m2, frontage 50 m x depth 28m

Note

In all cases referred above, the frontage could be reduced by 5 m if parking in front of
sales building is not mandatory for a particular site where shop/ NFR activities are
minimal. This waiver needs to be signed-off by the Retail Head.

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6.5 Natural ground level relative to road

General natural ground level of a prospective retail site should ideally be

+/- 50 cm relative to road level. This helps to avoid excessive earthwork
(landfill or cut) required to bring the forecourt level slightly higher than the
road to allow storm water to drain either to municipal system or natural
gulley.

The recommended general forecourt surface gradient is 1.5% - 2.0 %

towards municipal system or natural gulley. This provision will avoid
clogging of drainage conduits with sediments, which otherwise generates
many maintenance issues during lifetime of the site.

The DCF for sites with excessive level difference should include cost of
earthwork and retaining wall required to stabilize the fill/ embankment.
The Engineer in charge of the project should ensure that the work is
properly quantified and cost is reflected in the DCF.

6.6 Availability of Utilities

Among other things, one major factor to be considered in selecting

prospective retail site is the availability of utilities like electric power
supply, water supply, sewerage and communications lines (telephone
landline).

If the site is located in the middle of nowhere or on a major highway

where utilities are not available, then, project costing should include
provision of heavy-duty generators, which should operate in 12-hour
shifts, drilling for underground water well, soak away pits and wire-less
communication systems.

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7. Standard Site Layouts

Below are four types of Standard Retail Site Layouts (Type A, B, C, and
D) developed to provide a range of choice; large, medium or small, as
may be applicable to the site specifics.

Type A: 4 Pump Islands at the forecourt, a Pump Island for HDV,

Carwash and Lubricating Bay and Shop size 120 m2

Type B: 3 Pump Islands at the forecourt, Carwash and Lubricating

Bay and Shop size 60 m2

Type C: 2 Pump Islands at the forecourt, a Pump Island for HDV,

Car wash, Lubricating Bay and Shop size 30 m2

Type D: 2 Pump Islands at the forecourt, Lubricating Bay and Shop

size 30 m2

7.1 Type (A) Standard Site Layout – Plot size ~ 3000 m2, 64x47 m

This standard is developed for site with fuel sales volume forecast over 6
million liters, of which diesel is making over 1.5 million liters.

Site consists of the following offers:

• 4 Pump islands at the forecourt + one Island for HDV

If diesel volume is less than 1.5 million, then there is no need to
provide dedicated island for truck, rather move the fourth island
under the forecourt canopy.
• 120-m2 Shop with two pay points.
• Carwash and Service bay for oil change with access road at the
back of the sales building
• 8 Parking space in front of the sales building and 4 at the back

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Figure 12 - Type (A) layout drawing in PDF

Avoid green area

at the backyard
to minimize up-
keeping cost

3D – approach view

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3D – view from other approach side

Elevation and section

Display window on the

HDV Canopy side of POS to be
is optional paneled / sand blasted
up to a height of 90
mm to cover back of
the low-level shelves

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7.2 Type (B) Standard Site Layout – Plot size~ 1800 m2, 57x32 m

This standard is developed for site with fuel volume forecast over 4
million liters, of which diesel is making less than a 1.5 million liters.

Site consists of the following offers:

• 3 Pump islands at the forecourt, no island for HDV

• 60-m2 Shop with one pay point.
• Carwash and Service bay for oil change with access road at the
back of the sales building
• Minimum 4 parking in front of the building

Figure 13 - Type (B) layout drawing in PDF

Avoid green area at the
back yard to minimize
up keeping cost

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3D – approach view

3D – view from other approach side

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Elevations and section

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7.3 Type (C) Standard Site Layout – Plot size ~2100 m2, 60x35 m

This standard is developed for site with fuel volume forecast over 4
million liters, of which diesel is making over 1.5 million liters.

Site consists of the following offers:

• 2 Pump islands at the forecourt + one Island for HDV

• 30-m2 Shop with one pay points.
• Service bay for oil change
• Minimum 4 Parking space in front of the sales building

Figure 14 - Type (C) Layout drawing in PDF

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3D – approach view

3D – view from other approach side

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Elevations and section

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7.4 Type (D) Standard Site Layout – Plot size ~1400 m2, 50x28 m

This standard is developed for sites with fuel volume forecast less than 4
million liters, of which diesel is making less than 1.5 million liters.

Site consists of the following offers:

• 2 Pump islands at the forecourt

• 30-m2 Shop with two pay points.
• Service bay for oil change
• Minimum 4 parking space in front of the sales building

Figure 15 - Type (D) Layout drawing in PDF

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3D – approach view

3D – view from other approach side

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Elevations and section

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8. Non Standard Site Layouts

8.1 Narrow frontage site

It is Libya Oil’s Policy not to acquire a land for prospective retail site with
a frontage less than 35 m.

If a site has significant depth and a frontage greater than the threshold
limit of 35m and less than optimal frontage indicated in section 5.4
above, then the design may be optimized as shown in the example
below.

Draw back of this design

• Customer could not face the shop from filling position

• No parking in front of the shop
• Poor forecourt visibility from POS
• Poor shop visibility from main road by approaching motorist
• Delivery truck blocks the forecourt while discharging product

Figure 16- Optimized Solution for site with narrow frontage – e.g. (1)

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Optimized Solution for site with narrow frontage – e.g. (2)

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8.2 Shallow depth site

Site with shallow depth and wide frontages may be considered if other
aspects are sound.

For such a site, Echelon layout is normally a preferred solution.

Draw back of this design

• Often providing parking in front of the shop is difficult because of

the shall depth
• Poor shop visibility from main road by approaching motorist

Figure 17- e.g. Solution for site with narrow depth & large frontage

• Min distance from pump island to shop = 8 m if

no parking in front of shop, with parking 13 m
• Approach distance min 9 m between pump
island and kerb
• Min clearance between parking on the side and
fourth island from right to left is 9 m
• Clear distance between Islands = 5.5 m
measured perpendicular to island
• Remote fill next to 3 island to avoid blockage of
rd

entrance by delivery truck

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8.3 Sites at road intersection

Site at road intersection, if not located on highway or transient roads

associated with high traffic speed, but rather located within residential
district with low traffic speed (< 60 km per hour), the layout solution
below may be optimal as it enables capturing of traffics from two or more
roads joining at the intersection. This layout best fit a site where
secondary road is contributing less than 30% traffic

Draw back of this design

• Some degree of conflicting traffic at the forecourt need to be
managed by site attendants
• Some motorist may use the site to take short cuts to the other road
• In some countries, exit often only allowed via other road as
opening close to road intersection is regarded unsafe.

Figure 18 – Layout solution for site near road intersection, where

secondary road have less than 30% traffic contribution

ID only along
the major road

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Figure 19 – Layout solution for site near road intersection, where both
roads are major/major

Draw back of this design

• Some degree of conflicting traffic at the forecourt need to be

managed site attendants

• Some motorist may use the site to take short cuts to the other road

• In some countries, exit often only allowed via other road as

opening close to road intersection is regarded unsafe

• ID sign to be located along

both major roads
• Opening for entrance and
exit to be in line with local
road authorities regulations

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8.4 Highway Sites and Truck stops

Design of sites along major holiday destination and/or major highway

requires special layout to suit the needs of the customer

Beside the customer needs, layout design of such site is highly

influenced by size and shape of land available for the station
development

Usually these sites require big plot of land to cater for HDV parking,
restaurant, children play ground, additional toilets, etc required to meet
the customers value propositions

Regarding fueling areas, the design considerations are similar to

conventional type outlet, therefore, the requirements listed below focuses
on items applicable only to highway sites / truck stops

8.4.1 Site Visibility

• Should have advanced signage to inform motorist early enough the

where about of the site with an indication of the distance ahead
• Prime sign and the canopy fascia should be visible to motorist from
a distance. This requires signs mounted on tall poles
• Design and location of signs should be agreed with the local
authorities.
• Services offered on site should be communicated to motorist in
advance using warning signs to allow safe maneuvering to enter
the site.

8.4.2 Traffic Flow

• Motor car and HDV should be separated as soon as they inter the
site
• Layout & driveways should be designed for one-way traffic only
• Clear and uncluttered directional signage for HDV canopy,
restaurant, parking area, etc must be posted at the entrance
• Pedestrian crossing and paths must be marked clearly on the
ground
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• Tollgate layout is the preferred solution provided the sales building

is not located in front of the heavy-duty pump island as it hinders
safe maneuverability of the truck. The sales building has to be
located in front of the light vehicles pump islands. See figure 20
below

8.4.3 Parking

• There should be adequate size and number of parking spaces for

heavy-duty trucks. Design of the parking should avoid reversing of
the tucks. This facility often requires huge area to be paved
• Parking should be located down stream of the canopy on the exit
side to encourage motorist to fill-up first before getting to the
parking service. This arrangement avoids congestion and
obstruction of the forecourt.
• Light vehicle parking under shed might be an important offer on
site located along a major holiday destination. This has to be
justified with clear business case to include in the scope

8.4.4 Additional offers to be considered in the Layout

• Adequate toilet facilities should be provided in addition to one

provided for sales building
• Service bay should be in a separate building away from sales
canopy area and main traffic areas
• Consider segregating dining area for truck drivers at a site where
the major customers are drivers.
• Provision of shower points is an option to be looked at, if critical for
the businesses,. Experience has shown that managing shower
facility requires huge effort and resources from the retailer.
Recommendation is to avoid shower facilities for drivers as much
as possible.
• If the site is located on a major holiday route or weekend family
outing, it is recommended to have restaurant with a adequate seats
and dedicated children play ground to attract by-passing motorist

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Figure 20 – where to locate various facilities at highway sites/truck

stops

A&W for HDV Service area

Heavy duty
pump Islands

Traffic flow

Children
play
Car Park ground
Parking for Heavy Goods
Light vehicles Vehicles
pump Islands
Sales
building / E
Restaurant x
I
t

Traffic flow

Main Road

Main Road

Figure 21 – Typical example of highway sites / truck stops

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9. Sales building

9.1 Locating the sales building

• Per the standard layout (i.e. 0° Tollgate), sales building should be

located on the exit side of the forecourt facing the pump island
giving full visibility / accessibility to the customer, while enabling the
site manager to have a good view of activities at the forecourt.

• The building should be located close to the road to optimize

approach visibility and access to pedestrian customers.

9.2 Car Parking

• There should be dedicated car parking for customers with easy

access to the store.

• The recommended location is in front of the sales building. This

depends on availability of adequate clearance between building
and the pump island (14 m)

• The number of parking space required depends on conditions

referred in section 6.3.7

9.3 Building external appearance

• Building shapes should be a single storey

• Roof should not be visible and should have flat frontage

• Buildings must have a minimum 3.8 m overall height, but should be

raised to 4.3 m height at the service bay to allow adequate head
room for car lifted using mechanical/ electrical hoists

• Wall surfaces must be smooth, uniform, and painted inline with the
brand guideline

• Shop-front should be fitted with display windows glassed in non-

corrosive white colored frames or natural Aluminum color.

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• Display window running all the way from POS to entrance door
should be screened with a blue panel made of non corrosive
material like aluminum to a height of 90 cm from floor level

• Door openings on the front wall should be limited to shop entrance

and attendants break away room.

• There should be a drop-safe on the external wall accessible from

point of sale (POS)

9.4 Side and rear elevations

• Out-door HVAC equipment; etc should be installed at the back yard

in a way that it is not visible to customers

• Wall not exposed to customers could be finished in light gray color

9.5 Building Blocks - Interiors

9.5.1 Shop

• Detailed design specifications related to shop fittings, lighting,

refrigeration equipment, floor tiles etc will be provided in a
separate manual in the future. This section only deals with items
permanently forming integral part of the sales building

• Shop interior wall should be finished smooth and painted white

• Shop ceiling should be fitted with 60x60 cm removable acoustic

panels suspended from the roof structure and should be easily
cleanable from stains and dirt

• Shops should be fitted with central cooling system where ever

possible

• POS should be located at front right corner of the shop to

enable the person in charge to have a good view of the shop
interior as well as the forecourt. This position enables the
person at POS to observe customers from the moment they
start entering the site.

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• Entrance door should be located minimum 4 m away from POS,

where the shop size allows.

• Shop entrance door should be fully glazed and recommended to

be electrical / automatic type for prime sites and for other to be
fitted with heavy-duty self-closing mechanical hinges.

• For safety reasons, entrance doors, which are not automatic,

should open to the outside.

• Floor should be finished in non-slippery heavy-duty 30x30 cm

ceramic/granolithic tiles, grey in color

• Shop should be fitted with luminaries able to provide 1000 lux at

on horizontal plan at floor level and 500 lux on vertical plane at
a height of 70 cm

• There should be telephone connection points near the POS

• Adequate electrical socket outlet should be provided for all

appliance to be fitted in the shop like fridges, chillers, freezers,
micro waves stove, coffee machine, POS, etc per the detail to
be provided in the Shop Design Manual

9.5.2 Office

• Should be the smallest practical size necessary to run the

business. For security and operational reasons, it should be
accessed from shop interior and fitted with window framed in
narrow units to prevent access by intruders.

• Money should be transferred directly from POS to the office

• Offices must have built-in desks, shelving and storage areas

• Room should be fitted with two flush mounted socket outlet

• Should be illuminated with lighting fixture able to provide

minimum 500 lux.

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9.5.3 Toilets

• Internally accessed customer toilet(s) must be available in all

shops

• Externally accessed toilets are permitted at sites where there is

no significant shop activities e.g. at site with 30 m2 shop

• All internal toilets must have an air lock lobby separating them
from the sales area

• Customer toilet access must not pass through food service

preparation areas

• The number of toilets will depend on the specific requirements

for the site

• All toilets for public use should be handicap accessible

• Separate male and female toilets are required for all sites with
120 m2. All other site can be reduced to unisex, if accepted by
local authorities

• Floor and ceiling finishes should be same as the sales area.

Walls should be light blue and easy to clean (e.g. ceramic tiles
or smooth finish panel)

• Should be fitted heavy duty sanitary fixtures and chrome finish

fittings

9.5.4 Storage Areas

• Must be as small as practical to meet the business needs.

However, this requirement varies depending on supplier delivery
intervals, sales volume, sales composition, etc.

• Ambient temperature store should have a natural ventilation by

providing high windows

• Separate lube storage areas should be provided

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• Store floor should be finished in durable, easily cleanable floor.

• No need to provide ceiling for stores unless required by local

legislations

• Should be illuminated with lighting fixture able to provide

minimum 200 lux.

9.5.5 Staff’s breakaway area

• There must be a separate staff breakaway area fitted with

shower, socket outlet for making tea /coffee and a set of seats
and a table.

• Dish washing areas fitted with two compartment sink

• Lockers for staff personal possessions

9.5.6 Electrical distribution room

• There should be a switch room where the main electrical

distribution board (MDB) and power stabilizers are installed.

• This room should be located at area unlikely to be affected by

future modifications, as they are relatively expensive to relocate.

9.5.7 Trash area / fenced corner

• The trash area should be hidden by a screen made from fencing

material.

• The trash area should be located at the rear or side of the site,
away from customer areas and preferably adjacent to the sales
building.

• There should be a fenced yard at the back of sales building to

house heating, ventilation and air- conditioning (HVAC) system

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plant/ gadgets and the stand-by generator set. If the roof is

made of reinforced concrete, then, these gadgets can be stored
on the concrete roof. The stand by generator set can be ordered
with a canopy so that you do not need any shed.

9.5.8 Internal walls

• All internal walls should be of non-load-bearing to allow future

layout changes. Non-load-bearing partition gives flexibility to
modify the floor plan that might be required to suit future business
requirements

• Internal doors preferably to be made of fire resistance panel

framed in non-corrosive materials like Aluminum, PVC, etc.

9.6 Design life

• The design life of a sales building is usually 20 years. Often, the

statutory requirements for loading, insulation, weather protection
etc result in a building with an actual life in excess of the design
requirements.

• The sales area will have a design life considerably lower than the
building.

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10. Canopy

10.1 Introduction

The primary purpose of canopy is to provide weather protection to

customers. It also helps long distance recognition of the site, displays the
log and contributes to the overall branding.

For economic reasons, canopy link to sales building is not supported and
is therefore excluded from the standard design.

10.2 Design considerations

• Canopy must be horizontal, rectangular in plan and completely

cover the forecourt refueling area.
• Canopy soffit must be smooth, flat and satin finish white
• Recessed, anti-glare light units must be fitted
• Stanchions must be rectangular and located at pump islands
• Only one stanchion should be located at each pump island
• Canopy for HDV Pump Island is optional.
• Forecourt canopy clear height from pavement level is 4.5 m,
whereas minimum 5.0 m for HDV.
• Overhang is minimum 4 m from centre-line of pumps at the ends
and 4.5 m in the drive through direction from the column centre.
• Canopy fascia height should be 800 mm

10.3 HDV Canopy

This canopy is recommended only if a clear business case has been

established.

The canopy should be constructed to the same standards as the main

canopy on the site.

Canopy height should be minimum 5.0m measured from pavement level

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10.4 Canopy Illumination

Under-canopy illumination, particularly light color and light distribution,

are important to the visibility, appearance and ambience of the site at
night.

For the optimum lighting effect, anti-glare lighting units are mandatory.
They can be adjusted so that the spread of light illuminates the pump
islands, gives ambient illumination, safe and pleasant environment. The
lighting units should be flush-fitted into the canopy soffit.

Figure 22 – Canopy layout for Cars

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Figure 23 – Canopy layout for HDV

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11. Pump Island

11.1 Pump Islands for Cars

The pump island design includes dispenser it self, the pit under
dispenser, service units, pay point card reader, signage to display
available grades and safety notice and island identification number.

• Each pump island should provide two filling positions, one on either
side

• Pump Island should be able to protect the dispenser and the

canopy column from traffic accidents

• All pump islands under canopy should be of same length

• Typical Pump Island consists of two prefabricated bollards made of

100 mm diameter steel pipe filled with sweet sand. Bollards have to
be erected by inserting them in to a recesses made in to the
concrete pavement. The recess it self is lined with steel pipe
bigger than the diameter of the bollard to allow slipping in/out for
maintenance purposes. See Figure 24 below

• The bollards are designed in such a way that it can easily be

removed and replaced in case of accident damages

• The dimensions of the prefabricated pump base to be fitted on the

pit, under the dispenser, depend on the individual dispensing units.

• All metallic part of the island should be coated with protective

coating against corrosion

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Figure 24 – Typical car pump island details

Bollard made of
Dia 100 steel
pipe

Casing anchored in to pavement in order to

avoid hot work at the pump island in case of
accident damages. Bollard can be removed
and repaired off the site.

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11.2 HDV Pump Islands

HDV Pump Island has to be strong enough to stand impacts from heavy
trucks and should be constructed from pre-cast concrete kerbs with in-
situ concrete fills between the kerbs. See figure below

Figure 25 – HDV Pump Island details

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11.3 Dispensers

All prime islands should be fitted with MPDs to enable that all products
are available at all filling positions

Dispensers should come with product identification stickers stuck next to

nozzles slots. See figure below

Figure 26 – MPD positioning at pump Island

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11.4 Pay Point

To cater payment to be done using fuel card at the pump island, card
reader holder box should be hanged on the canopy stanchion on the side
facing the shop, and has to be hanged at a height of 160 cm from ground
level. The appliance to be used or electrical connection, if any, has to
meet safety requirement for the applicable hazardous zone.

11.5 Service Units at pump islands

The service unit (shown below) at Pump Island houses facilities like
towel dispenser, waste bin, water container and sand buckets. The unit
is recommended for prime sites. Cost & ease of manufacturing from
plastic extrusion process is under investigation. Out come will be
communicated at later stage.

Affiliates are encouraged to asses if this unit could be manufactured

locally, feedback on this need to be sent to ACS Technical support.

Figure 27 – Service unit details

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12. Service bays

This manual treats service bay under the following two categories:

1. Service bay for cars

2. Service bay for HDV

12.1 Service bay for Cars - Oil Change

The service provided here is primarily oil change; however, some minor
repair and maintenance activities like checking batteries, changing tyres
could take place depending on the offer at the site

Service bay for cars should be placed in a covered structure / building to

give protection from sun and rain

12.2 Design considerations

• Service bays should be clearly segregated from food related offers.

The ideal place to locate is towards the back side while still facing
the forecourt so that customer can still have good visibility and
easy access to it

• Service bay must be accessed from the forecourt, and where the
plot size allows, recommended to have exit on the rear side. This
requires a drive-thru with access road at the back of the sales
building.

• It should be rectangular in shape, with overall depth of 8.0 m, clear

width of 4.0 m, and clear height of 4.3 m

• Should be of single storey building with flat roof and flat frontage

• Fitted with sign board per the company brand police guidelines

• Internal walls should be finished in easily cleanable and durable

lining (white ceramic tiles) up to min 1.8 m a height.

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• Service bay should be directly connected to equipment room and

lubricant store.

• Equipment and store rooms should be located at the rear of the

bays where not visible to customers

• Staff area usually combined with other staff facilities

• No separate customer waiting area is required as customers need

to be encouraged to visit the shop where refreshment like coffee
and cold rinks are available

• Racks and shelving for orderly storage of equipment and tools in

the equipment room, and must be made of non porous materials

• Non slippery, easy to clean flooring e.g. ceramic tiles (300 mm X

300 mm)- color dark grey speckled

• In case where not made of reinforced concrete (R.C) roof, ceiling

has to be finished with easy to clean materials e.g. PVC planking,
aluminum, etc

• Minimum functional lighting, e.g. 400 lux measured 1 m above floor

level

• There should be waste oil collection tank installed underground

adjacent to the service bay and should be connected to collection
point or drain tray in the service bay.

• Disposal of used oil to be done per local environmental legislation

or minimum Libya Oil used Oil Disposal Policy.

• The layout in the service bay should meet the minimum clearance
indicated in figure 28 below

• It is recommended to install electrical and hydraulically operated

car lift than construction of a pit for oil change.

In the event where pit need to be constructed, then the pit has to meet
the following requirements

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o Pit should have a maximum 90 cm width and depth of min 170

cm from service bay floor level.

o Side walls should be tiled with durable easily cleanable tiles,

white in colors

o Non slippery steps on both ends of the pit should be provided to

ensure safe entry and exit by attendants

o There should be drip tray to collect used-oil in a clean and safe

manner to be drained to collection tank
o If the service bay is working 24 hours, then it is necessary to
illuminate the pit. The lighting fixture & all connections should be
of intrinsically safe.
o Both edges of the pit should be protected with wheel guide. This
provision helps to avoid car falling in to the pit.

o The guide must be stiff, and shall have a protrusion of min 80

mm above the surrounding floor

o At sites where ground water is high, it is recommended to go for

mechanical car lift to avoid flooding of the pit during wet
seasons

o Service bay floor should slop towards gratings to drain waste

water during washing/ cleaning of the floor

o Floor drainage channel should be connected to oil/ water

separator

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Figure 28 - Minimum safe working clearances for service/ lube bays

Figure 29 – Safe dimensions to be respected for design and construction of pit to be

used for car oil change, minor repairs or carwash

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12.3 Service bay for HDV

It is not safe and economically feasible to use mechanical lifts for HDV oil
change.

The optimal solution is to use a pit, or in case where ground water level
is high, combination of pit and ramp

Here, most requirements set for car pit are also applicable; however,
there are some specific requirements need to be specified for HDV.

Design considerations for HDV Oil change pit / ramp

• In the event where combination of pit and ramp is constructed,

then, top of ramp should not be higher than 90 cm from
surrounding ground level.

• The width of the ramps has to be 1 meter each. Pit width has to be
same to that of light vehicle bay i.e. 90 cm

• It is recommended to construct the bay in an open air, with no

shed, as provision of shed is normally not affordable.

• The wheel guide constructed on both edges of the pit should

protrude minim 120 mm above top of pit /ramp

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Figure 30 - Safe dimensions for combination of pit & ramp to be used for
HDV Oil change

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13. Car wash

Types of car wash:

1. Automatic Carwash (Roll-over / Conveyor type)
2. Manual Jet washes

These washes can be attended service or self-service.

13.1 General requirements

• Should be clearly visible to customers and should be signposted

from the forecourt
• Should be accessed by driving forward from the filling position.
• Preferably, exit should be on the back, particularly if there is
dedicated HDV drive way.
• There should be adequate parking for queuing and drying

13.2 Location and size

• Carwash bay could either be attached to the sales building (away

from shop/ food areas) or free- standing particularly if automatic
type carwash.

• Automatic car wash normally requires longer bay length and much
bigger queuing space.

• In case of jet wash, it can be located at back right corner with

provision of some parking space between the remote fill and the
bays.

• The recommended building size is min 8.0 x 4.0 m and a height of

in case where car lit is used should have a clear height of 4.3 m,
otherwise 4.0m is adequate. See Figure 31 below

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Figure 31 – Carwash layout

Note
Construction / Installation requirements for Roll over and Conveyor type wash should be per
the manufacturer instruction as it will not be dealt in great depth in this manual

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Design consideration in case of covered jet wash

• Building shapes should be rectangular and single storey.
• Buildings must have a flat roof and flat frontage
• External wall should be finished smooth and painted per brand
guidelines
• Doors and window frames should be gray satin finish
• Interior of the car wash bay should appear bright and clean.
• Interior wall should be finished with easily cleanable material like
ceramic tiles or PVC cladding, etc
• Floor to be finished with gray non-slippery tiles or other durable
materials.
• The floor should be designed with adequate falls towards the
sludge trap to collect the water run-off from the washing activities.
• A sludge trap should be incorporated into the floor with access for
routine removal of silts.
• The sludge trap should be connected to Oil/ water separator
• Adequate queuing should be provided, never less than 2 vehicles.

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Figure 32 – Locating freestanding automatic car wash

Example of locating
automatic carwash, which
provides adequate queuing
Additional parking space
and parking space

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14. Air and Water Facility

This facility provides pressurized air for tyre inflation and water to fill–up
radiators.

14.1 Location

• Air and water facility should be located away from refueling

positions not to obstruct fueling activities

• For light vehicles, it is recommended to install it by the side of the

sales building facing the road, and for HDV, upstream of the
remote fill. See figure 33 below

14.2 Requirements

• Should be locate at save locations, as people attending to tyres

might not be visible to other motorists.

• Use industry standard air/water units with Libya Oil livery on it.

• Use combined compressor when a site is not supplying more than

one points. In this case the compressor has to be rated to supply
pressure requirements for HDV

• Due to high-pressure requirements, separate air facility is

recommended for HDV at site selling diesel volume over 1.5 million
a year.

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Figure 33 – locating Air and water

Here is the
recommended spot
where to locate Air &
water service for HDV

Here is the
recommended spot
where to locate Air &
Water service for Cars

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15. Sign Location

The purpose of providing signage at retail outlet is to attract, inform and

direct customers around the site. Therefore, determination of how best
signage should be positioned at Retail site is one important element of
an outlet design.

The design in respect to the look, size, color and message to be

displayed on various signs will be dealt in details under a separate Brand
Manual namely “Oilibya Identity Book” to be issued shortly.

Based on the above background, this section provides guidance on how

to position various signs at retail outlet.

15.1 General guidelines

• Experience has shown that good way of determining correct

location of sign is by actually driving towards the station from all
approaches and see if there is any obstruction in the line of sights.

• The default position of signs as determined by the standard has to

be re-checked for maximum visibility

• It is permissible to alter the location of signs in order to take

advantage of local conditions or to over-come obstructions.

• Design should include foundations and power supplies to the sign

where appropriate.

• For safe installation and maintenance of signs, the location of

existing structures and utilities both below and above grade must
be considered when locating and installing signs

• In addition, the proximity of the sign to public motorways must be

thoroughly evaluated to minimize risk to the public

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15.2 Positioning of Signs

15.2.1 Prime signs

• It displays information such as fuel prices, payment facilities, site

services, NFR and fuel branded identities. Therefore, it should be
visible from a distance
• Should be installed along the major road(s) feeding traffic to the
site
• If a site is at road intersection, and if both roads are contributing
traffic by more than 30%, then installation of prime sign along both
roads is recommended.
• Take note of restriction lines set by local authorities
• Check for underground utilities lines and over head electric power
supply lines which often cause problems

For the look, size and color of the prime sign, refer Oilibya Identity Brand
Book under retail section.

15.2.2 Canopy Fascia

The canopy fascia should display corporate identity logo on the approach
side’s at the most visible fascia corners.

If site is located at road intersection, then the logo could be mounted on

the fascia facing the intersection/ round about

For the look, size and color of the logo, refer Oilibya Identity Brand Book
under retail section.

15.2.3 Signage over the pump island

Products to be offered at each island should be communicated to the

customers using signage displayed over each pump island.

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It should be mounted on the canopy stanchion leaving a clear height of

2.7 m to allow installation of dispenser with high hose

All the signs above dispenser should be mounted on canopy stanchion at

same level from the ceiling, but might have different heights from ground
level if the forecourt is slopping significantly in one two directions

If illuminated sign is used, then there should a provision for electrical

supply line laid through the canopy stanchions.

For the look, size and color of the sign, refer Oilibya Identity Brand Book
under retail section.

Figure 34 – Default positioning of key signs at typical site

Key signs located in

this layout
• Prime sign / ID
• Exist / Entrance
• Logo on canopy fascia
• Shop sign
• Air & water

Note
All signs to be displayed
at Pump Island is shown
in figure 26

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Figure 35 – Default positioning of key signs at site located near road

intersection

Recommended
to put ID along
both major roads

The 3rd Logo on this fascia may

In case where road is not be considered if:
divided with median and • The right-of-way is big enough
cross over is allowed, no to allow good visibility
need to put Exit / Entrance • If the line of sight from
sign to encourage motorist approaching road is at an angle
to enter the station from all allowing visibility from about
directions 120 m , then provision of this
3rd logo may pay off

15.2.4 Information signs

These signs are used to communicate the type of services available at

the site, and should be installed at a point where the service is availed.
They normally installed as a freestanding or could also be mounted on
wall as well.

At the entrance to a carwash, an information sign, which explains the

offer available, should be displayed in a visible way to the driver

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What are these Information signs? See the list below

• Carwash Notice Board: - it explains how to use the carwash and

should be mounted at position visible to the driver

For the look, size and color of this Notice Board, refer Oilibya
Identity Brand Book under retail section.

• Poster Unit (A0 size) – it displays promotional posters which

promote product and services. These units are installed as free
standing or wall mounted. This signs should be located at location
indicated in figure 34.

For the look, size and color of the Poster Unit, refer Oilibya Identity
Brand Book under retail section.

• Safety Notices - it is a warning sign displaying “No Smoking”,

“Switch off engine” “No Cell Phone” and “Petroleum spirit highly
inflammable”. Should be positioned at each refueling positions,
preferable mounted on the canopy stanchions at head height and
facing the driver.

For the look, size and color of the Safety Notice, refer Oilibya
Identity Brand Book under retail section.

• Maximum height sign for canopy – it displays the clearance

height below the canopy. Should be mounted on the fascia soffit
return facing in coming driver.

For the look, size and color of the sign, refer Oilibya Identity Brand
Book under retail section.

• Maximum height sign for service bay and Carwash – it displays

the clearance height for the bays. Should be mounted at the
entrance to the bays.

For the look, size and color of the sign, refer Oilibya Identity Brand
Book under retail section.

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15.2.5 Directional signs

This signage is meant to direct customer to point of service(s). It should

be mounted at suitable spot to ensure safety and good visibility.

Directional signs could be single face or double face depending on

where it is going to be mounted.

Non-illuminated signs are preferable to avoid future maintenance of

lighting system. Good quality durable reflective stickers can do the job in
cost effective way.

For the look, size and color of the signs, refer Oilibya Identity Brand Book
under retail section.

15.2.6 Entrance and Exit signs

These are low-level signage installed at entrance and exit to indicate

direction of the traffic flow to the customers.

Due to the fact that they are low level, and need to be installed close to
main road. Precaution is required in assessing safety of the signs against
traffic accidents

For the look, size and color of the signs, refer Oilibya Identity Brand Book
under retail section.

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16. Drainage

16.1 General rule

This section should be implemented in line with the guidelines set in

Outlet Equipment Manual - Section 5.0 Drainage System

The local water authority should always be consulted about the

standards of effluent quality, which will be discharged from the retail site.

Types of drainage systems

For the purpose of these manual, effluents from retail site are classified
in to 4 categories as mentioned below

• Rainwater – it is a run-off from Driveways, walkways, building and

canopy roof

• Foul water – it is waste water from toilets, hand wash basins/

showers and sinks

• Contaminated water – stands for effluent from carwash and

service bay

• Effluent from Fuel areas - it stands for effluent from fueling and
delivery tanker discharge points.

16.2 Effluent disposal guidelines

Rainwater

It can be drained in untreated form to soak-away, sewer or open water.

The rainwater drainage system must comply with the local authority
regulations.

Conduits and manholes can be constructed out of locally available

construction materials

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Foul water

It can be drained in untreated form into municipal/ public sewage system

or treated on site by a suitable installation before disposal. The foul water
drainage system must comply with the local authority regulations.

Conduits and manholes can be constructed out of locally available

construction materials

Contaminated water drainage

This has to be drained via oil / water separator before being connected to
municipal / public sewage system as it normally contains contaminated
water. The drainage system must comply with local authority regulations.

Construction materials should be selected from locally available but must

be capable of handling the contaminants. E.g., PVC is not suitable. If
jointed pipes are specified (e.g. clay or ductile iron) ensure that the
gasket specifications are also resistant to hydrocarbons

Effluent from Fuel areas

Hydrocarbon spill do occur from time to time during fueling and

discharging operations. Therefore, there is a possibility that effluent from
these areas could be contaminated unless removed immediately right
after the incident.

Libya Oil strategy is to proactively remove these contaminants before

they reach public system by implementing the following measures:

1. All fueling and discharge area must be paved with hard surfaces
like concrete, etc to prevent percolation of hydrocarbons in to the
soil underneath

2. Implementation of stringent house keeping procedure at retail site

to contain and remove spill right after the incident by making use of
absorbent materials like sand, etc.

3. Removal of contaminated absorbent materials in accordance with

company procedure and guidelines
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Experience has shown that site separator does not work effectively in the
absence of continuous flow. They normally regarded as a 3rd line
defense only, hence the strategy is to focus on systems that keeps the
forecourt clean using proprietary cleansers that are environmentally
acceptable.

Based on the above background and other practical considerations like

cost versus benefit, it is preferred to treat effluent from these areas
exactly same way with rainwater, unless local legislation requires special
treatment like connection to Oil/ water separator

16.3 Drainage layout considerations

Drainage system layout should conform to the following principles:

• Contaminated water from car wash, service bays, should be

treated using a combination of sludge trap and Oil / Water
Separator before connecting it to public drainage system.

• Sludge trap should be close to the source of contamination to avoid

clogging of pipe line between separators and the sludge traps

• Sludge traps and interceptors should be easily accessible for

cleaning equipment.

• Positioning of sludge traps and interceptors in traffic areas should

be avoided, if possible

• Foul water must be drained separately and connected to the sewer

downstream of the sampling chamber
• If separate sewage and rainwater services are available from the
local authority, then, the site drainage system should comply
accordingly

• For combined sewage services the site rainwater connection

should be downstream of the sampling chamber

• Depending on local regulations, there might be a case where it is

necessary to install water recirculation plants at car washes

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16.4 Drainage layout options

Based on the above guidelines, here below are drainage layout options
that could be adopted for new sites and knock down and re-build

Figure 36 - Option 1 drainage layout

This drainage layout is recommended at site where local legislation

requires that filling and discharge area must be connected to site
interceptor before joining public drainage system

Forecourt finish level to

enable driveway and parking
areas drain-away from filling
and discharge areas as
shown in brown arrows

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Figure 37 - Option 2 drainage layout

This drainage layout is recommended at site where local legislation do

not require that drainage from filling and discharge areas necessarily
drain through site interceptor before joining public drainage system

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Figure 38 - Option 3 drainage layout

This drainage layout is recommended at site where local legislation

requires that filling and discharge area must be connected to site
interceptor before joining public drainage system.

This option fits well site located in arid region where the rainfall is not
frequent and the intensity is very low. Intercepting the whole site, in case
of station located in a region with high rainfall, requires very big size oil
separator.

Here, run-off from the whole site is

collected via the two channels at
entrance and exit and diverted to oil
separator

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17. Paving

17.1 General

Retail site should be paved with fit-for-purpose paving materials in order

to:
• make it safe and accessible to vehicles and human traffic during
all seasons of the year,
• protect the soil and ground water from being contaminated by
hydrocarbon products,
• provide even and smooth surface to ease cleaning and house
keeping
• direct surface run-off to the desired spots

For the purpose of this manual pavement finishes are classified in two
groups

• Flexible pavements (e.g. asphalt, paving blocks without mortar

joints) and

• Rigid or hard surface pavements (e.g. reinforced concrete)

All fueling area and discharge points have to be finished with hard
surfaces; this includes area directly under the canopy(s) and delivery
truck discharge area

Driveways, parking, and pedestrian walking could be made of either

flexible or hard surfaces depending on economics and local availability

Forecourt pavement should be laid to a minimum fall of 1: 75 to ensure

that surface water drains into the drainage channels.

The site crossovers adjacent to the road/highway should be constructed

to the local authority regulations.

All traffic areas must be designed to withstand the weight and turning
movements of road tankers and commercial vehicles where applicable.
The design should meet requirements of the local traffic authority
regulations, highway authority regulations and local soil conditions.

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17.2 Design considerations for Impervious/ Hard pavements

The design objective is to ensure that the paving contains contaminated

water or fuels spillages. Materials that degrade when exposed to retail
fuels are not suitable for impervious traffic areas.

In designing leak-tight pavement, the following should be taken in to

considerations:

• Recommended material is reinforced concrete (in-situ or pre-cast)

with a minimum number of joints.

• The surface color of should be the concrete’s natural color without

artificial additions.

• The surface should be brush finished.

• The maximum width of a paving section depends on the local hand

leveling abilities of the crew to be mobilized to the site, generally
6m maximum

• Try avoiding specifying expansion/contraction joints near the car

refueling area. Joints can be a leak path for contaminates and a
problem for customers with high-heeled shoes. See figure 39
below

• Joint material should be resistant to hydrocarbons and able to be

applied at ambient temperatures (e.g. polysulphide sealant).

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Figure 39 - Typical location of joints and joint details

17.3 Flexible Pavement Design

This section details the procedure used to design a block or brick

pavement for driveways and car parks, where hard surfaces are not
mandatory.

Use of flexible pavement made of paving blocks should only be

considered in the market where certified professional pavers are
available as this construction method requires preparation of very sound
base, use of good quality blocks and laying techniques, otherwise, go for
hot mix concrete asphalt or reinforced concrete.

• The design process outlined on this page is given in full in British

Standard BS 7533:1992 'guide for structural design of pavements
constructed with clay or concrete block pavers', which should be
consulted for full details

• This page describes the basic procedure used by the Engineers to

specify a flexible pavement constructed from either clay bricks or
concrete blocks.

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• The above figure shows all layers of typical pavement. Depending

on usage and CBR values of the sub grade, some layers may not
be mandatory

• Before specifying any pavement, it is necessary to quantify the

value of the following 2 variables....

• The CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of the sub-grade

• The expected traffic volumes and types over the design life of the
pavement (usually 20 years)

• If a site has a variable CBR, it may be possible to excavate 'soft

spots' and replace with a suitable compacted fill material to bring
up the CBR to an acceptable value, but this is a decision that can
only be taken once all relevant data are collected and analyzed,
and often comes down to a judgment call made by the Engineer
based upon experience and local knowledge.

• Any sub-grade with a CBR of 5% or less will require a capping

layer, sometimes known as a sub-grade improvement layer. This is
constructed from approved granular or cement-bound material, laid
and compacted in layers not greater than 200mm thick.

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• A sub-grade with a CBR of 2% or less should have a 600mm thick

capping layer; a sub-grade with a CBR of 2-5% should have a
capping layer 350mm thick.

To summarize this step in the design process........

Table 1- Determining requirements of capping layer

Determination of sub-base thickness

• This next stage of the design process considers the usage of the
pavement, and first specifies a thickness for the sub-base before
determining whether a road base will be required.

• Part of pavement subject to heavy-duty traffic load should have a

sub-base thickness of 225mm, unless there is a capping layer
present. At area where the pavement will not exposed to heavy
duty traffic or has a capping layer, then a sub base could be
lowered to 150 mm

Determination of Road Base

• The next step is to determine whether a road base is required. This

is dependent upon the cumulative number of standard axles
anticipated over the design life of the pavement, and/or the
existence of certain special conditions outlined below.

• A road base is defined as a layer or layers of bound material

intended to give structural integrity to a pavement; in this case, a
road base, if required, will be constructed from Cement Bound

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Material (CBM) or dense base course bituminous macadam

(DBM).

• The cumulative number of standard axles is calculated to allow for

anticipated traffic growth over the design life of the pavement and
is measured in million standard axles (msa), usually rounded to
one decimal place.

Special Conditions.

If any of the following special conditions apply to the pavement, the traffic
volume figure (in msa) calculated for the design life must be amended
accordingly.....

• Frost heave- A pavement constructed over a sub-grade

susceptible to frost heave should have an overall thickness
measuring not less than 450mm of non-susceptible material, i.e.,
capping layer (if present) + sub-base + road base = 450mm min

• Moisture content - Sub-base or road base materials that rely on a

critical moisture content to ensure a stable compaction are only to
be used under strict engineering supervision.

• Turning - If a pavement is anticipated to be subject to frequent

turning maneuvers, especially by HDV, the use of a road base
should be considered.

If none of the special conditions listed above apply and the traffic volume
is below 0.5msa over design life, then the road base may be omitted. In
all other cases, a road base must be constructed as indicated in the table
below which gives the required thickness of two types of road base for a
range of traffic volumes.

The table also states the thickness of the bedding layer and that of a
paving block to be used.

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Table 2 - Road base, bedding and paver thicknesses

CBM: Cement Bound Material

DBM: dense base course bituminous macadam.

Illustration of pavement design

Here is an example of how to determine thickness of various layers of

pavement for typical retail site with heavy-duty vehicle Pump Island

Sub grade capping - assume CBR 2- 5%, CBR usually quantified by

Geo-tech Engineer by on site testing.
Per table 1; sub grade capping = 350 mm

Sub base - per the guideline in section 16.3 above, sub base
required = 150 mm

Road base - msa to be computed for 20 yrs design life

- Diesel vol > 1 mil liter/yr, avg. off-take 100 liter
per vehicle, hence msa = 30 off-takes per day x 3
axles per vehicle x 365 days x 20 yrs = ~ 0.7

- Per table 2, it falls under column 2, giving base

thickness of 130 mm, less 20 mm for using 80
Instead of 60 mm paving block = 110 mm

Bedding - Ref table 2, = 30 mm

Paving block - Ref table 2, = 80 mm

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Total pavement thickness for area exposed to HDV with msa > 0.50 is
sum-up in (1) below, and pavement area with exposure < 0.5 msa are
given in (2) below:

1) Total pavement thickness for area with msa > 0.50, i.e. Driveways
for heavy duty vehicle, = 350 mm capping + 150 mm Sub base,
110 mm base + 30 mm bedding + 80 mm paving block = 720 mm

2) Forecourt and parking areas with msa <0.50, would be fall under
column 1 which specifies that there is no need for base, but
bedding thickness increases by 20 mm.

Hence total pavement thickness = 350 mm capping + 150 mm sub

base + 50 mm bedding + 80 mm paving block = 630 mm

This thickness can be significantly reduced to 390 – 280 mm if CBR

value of sub grade improves to over 5%

Bedding and Pavers

• The paving blocks or bricks should be laid directly onto a bed of

coarse, grit sand, 30-50mm thick.

• This sand may also be known as sharp sand, concreting sand.

DO NOT USE BUILDING SAND - it is too soft and can become
'fluid' when waterlogged, consequently moving beneath the paving,
causing settlement.

• It is best to prepare a pre-compacted and screened bedding layer,

and lay the blocks or bricks directly onto this bed.

Laying Paving Blocks

• The paving bricks or blocks should be laid to a specific pattern. If

you are using more than 1 pack of blocks, mix the pavers by
drawing them from 3 or 4 packs simultaneously, to ensure there is
no banding or spotting of certain shades within the pavement.

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• The perimeter edge courses of the paving, which in most cases be

the Kerbstone, should first be laid before starting laying the paving
blocks.

• Lay all the full blocks first, taking care not to stand on the screened
bedding layer, but working from the laid paving. Use a taut string
line as a guide to the laying line if required.

Figure 40 – Section through pavement finished in paving blocks

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17.4 Kerbs

Forecourt kerbing defines traffic circulation and pedestrian flow. Simple,

smooth finish concrete kerbs should be used for all new sites

Kerbs should be pre-cast or cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, smooth

finished. Plastering of concrete kerb is not allowed as it starts peeling at
later stage.

Kerbs should be painted in two colors to enhance visibility. Paint colors

to be in line with what is defined in the brand identity book

Kerbs used along heavy duty vehicle lane must be laid on mass concrete
foundation and well haunched with concrete per the detail shown below

Figure 41 – Kerb details for HVD lane

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18. Landscaping and Boundaries

Good landscaping coupled with other perimeter treatment and adequate

yard illumination enhances day and night time appearance of retail sites.

It goes without saying that good-looking site attracts customers, and of

course wins appreciation from local community and town planning
authorities.

It is not enough to initially invest on all the good stuff to enhance the site
appearance, unless sustained by on-going housing keeping.

Sustaining appearance of a site to the required standard demands huge

commitment from site manager / retailer as often tends to be neglected
once the station is operational.

18.1 General Principles

• All signs, sight lines and obstructions should be clearly visible

• Must be durable, cost effective with minimal day-to-day

maintenance.

• Unsightly equipment and waste containers should be covered

• Natural finishes are preferred. Paint work should be minimized

• Evergreen plants should be selected as main element of planting

schemes.

• Seasonal flowering plants should be contained in small prominent

areas or planters.

• Planting is not recommended in narrow areas nor around vent

pipes, tank manhole covers and offset fill points.

• Not advisable to plant areas directly adjacent to the street or

highway. Consider using “hard’ landscaping in these areas.

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• Slight variations in color shades and material finishes can enhance

visual appearance

• Fencing and hedging should meet security requirements and while

improving site appearance.

• Yard lighting should be bright enough to create safe well-coming

environment to customers. Minimize effect of glare.

18.2 Landscaping with Plants

• This type of landscaping should only be thought if water is

adequately available for watering during dry seasons

• Frontage should only be covered with low-level grasses (dwarf

grasses), plants and shrubs to avoid view obstruction and to
minimize up keeping cost.

• Climbing plants, trees and shrubs can be used to screen unsightly

areas and poor quality boundary walls

• Evergreen trees & shrubs give consistent appearance and require

minimal maintenance. Plant with seasonal falling leaves must be
avoided, as it requires huge house keeping effort.

• Soils need to be well drained while retaining sufficient moisture

needed by the plant to grow.

• It is recommended to cover surface of planted areas with wood

chippings, etc to reduce maintenance while retaining moisture. It
also restricts weed growth. Pebbles can also be used to limit weed
growth.

• Landscaping contracts should include soil preparation, drainage

and planting work. The contractor should provide guarantee for the
establishment period of all the plants.

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Figure 42 – e.g. of good landscape with plants

18.3 Landscaping with hard surfaces

• This type of landscaping is created using rigid & permanent

materials like paving blocks or pre-cast concrete slabs placed
between kerbs.
• Along side the rigid surfaces, landscaping can also be enhanced
using ornamental rocks between kerbs. Hardy plants should be
provided between the rocks as shown below.
• Walkways should be provided in front of the sales building, by the
side of main road and to all customer access points.

Figure 43 – e.g. of good land escaping with hard surfaces

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18.4 Boundary walling, Fencing and Hedges

Boundary fencing with solid/ masonry wall should be avoided where

possible unless required by local legislations. If local legislation requires
such provisions, then, it should be of fit-for-purpose construction.

Alternative fencing materials like PVC should be assessed if economical.

Figure 44- Fencing with PVC

Fences and hedges forming a background to the site should not be a

dominating feature.

On large sites, the fence should be provided at the limit of the

development, which may not be the boundary of the site. In such a case,
the boundary should also be delineated using posts or other markers.

For rural areas, use of natural materials is appropriate/ encouraged.

In most cases, use of natural seasoned/ protected timber or pre-cast

steel posts with chain link fencing offers cost effective solution.

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Figure 45 - Chain Link Fence

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19. Site Lighting and Electrical Installation Requirements

19.1 General

Proper illumination of a retail site plays a major role in attracting

customers by creating safe, secure and well-coming night time
environment, therefore, this section provides guidelines regarding
illumination levels, lighting fixture selection and overall electrical
installation based on recognized international standards and best
practices.

Shop lighting requirement are excluded from this section as it will form
part of shop design standard to be developed in the future

19.2 Site Lighting

At any typical Retail site, the following key areas need to be adequately
illuminated in accordance with requirements specified here under:

• Entrance / exit
• Under canopy fueling area
• Drive-ways
• Discharge points
• Service bay/ Carwash, if operating during night time
• Other service areas like Air and Water, etc
• Parking and peripheral access roads for truck stop sites

As a rule, peripheral lighting should not interfere with under-canopy

lighting as glare from peripheral lighting could disturb drivers.

Glares should be minimized by equipping luminaries with flat glass

enclosures.

Light poles used to mount high level lighting units such as entrance exit
lighting and floodlight at discharge points should be painted in Libya Oil
Gray

Energy saving lighting and control equipment should be considered in

selecting fixtures. Features like dimming capability could reduce power
consumption during less busy/ idle hours of the night.

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Lamp-life should be considered as one of the weighing factors used to

select light fixtures as it can positively or negatively affect future
maintenance interventions.

19.2.1 Entrance / Exit and Driveway Lighting

To achieve good visual guidance Metal Halide lamps (high-intensity

discharge-HID) are recommended to illuminate entrance /exit as well as
drive-ways to create a distinct color difference between highway lighting
(usually low or high pressure sodium lamps which gives a yellow light).
Metal Halide lamp produces light color close to natural sunlight, which
usually referred as “white light”.

Where Metal Halide lamps are also used for highway lighting, then it is
recommended to use same type of lighting units with higher intensity to
differentiate the exact entrance and exit for the motorist approaching to
the station

19.2.2 Under- canopy Lighting

Under-canopy lighting is the most important area for the customer and
must meet following requirements:

1. Light intensity should not be less than 400 lux on horizontal plane
at ground level

2. Light intensity on the vertical plane should not be less than 280 lux
along the side of the pumps at a height of 120 cm.
3. The color temperature of the light source should be 4600k.

4. The color-rendering index (Ra) should not be less than 85.

5. Average lamp life 20,000 hours

Below is indicated typical under canopy light configuration and fittings

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Figure 46 – Typical under canopy light configuration

Note
Philips Mini 300-150w or equivalent for the asymmetrical fittings at the sides of the canopy,
and Mini 300 - 250w or equivalent for illumination between the islands

19.2.3 Road Tanker Discharge Points Lighting

Floodlights should be installed near the road tanker discharge points to

enable the driver to clearly see and operate the equipment at night. The
minimum level of luminance at the discharge point should be 750 lux on
horizontal plane at ground level

As this lighting is only required at the time of fuel discharge operation, it

has to be controlled on a separate switch fitted on to main distribution
board (MDB) located in the switch room.

The luminaries should be pole mounted and positioned adjacent to the

lanker discharge position outside the hazardous zone created by vent
pipes, which should be > 3 m as indicated in Outlet Equipment Manual
section 5.4 – Hazardous Zone Definitions.

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19.2.4 Peripheral Road Lighting within Sensitive Areas

Some local authorities require low level lighting bollards on peripheral

access roads. In such case the lighting bollard units should be painted or
anodized in Libya Oil Grey

The bollards should be positioned in a way that they prevent glare to the
customer and cannot be damaged by accidental collision:

Figure 47 – E.g. of Bollard Peripheral Road Lighting

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Figure 48 – Positioning of Peripheral Lighting at Retail Site

Legend

A: Pole Mounted (8 m high) flood light unit with Metal halide lamp
B: Pole Mounted (6m high) road lighting unit with Metal halide lamp
D: Pole Mounted (8m high) flood light unit with Metal Halide lamp (tanker discharge only)
E: Pole Mounted (4m high) lighting unit with Metal Halide Lamp

The drawing above indicates where lighting units should be positioned

and the direction to achieve a required level of luminance measured at
ground level.

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19.3 Electrical Installation Requirements

19.3.1 Earthing

Earthing is an electrical wiring system provided to minimize the voltage

difference between neutral and local earth ground which usually caused
by either un-insulated live electrical wires, equipment with faulty current
or lightning surge. In other words, it is a method of connecting the
exposed conductive parts of electrical appliance / installation to the
general mass of earth (the ground) via the main earth terminal.

Studies have shown that voltage in excess of 50v could cause hazard to
human life (experiencing discomfort, muscular contraction, a burn or
cardiac arrest / electrocution). It could damage equipment and may
cause a fire hazard.

Proper earthing provides an alternative and easy path for leakage or

faulty current to flow, and therefore it is mandatory to have an earthling
system at retail site.

In the absence of local standard, earthing system has to be installed in

accordance with BS 7671 or other recognized international standards

19.3.2 Lightning Protection System

Lightning is an enormous electric spark between the clouds and earth, Its
power is difficult to understand but a single lightning flash may be 30
thousand amperes that's about 200 million volts, and takes place within
less than a second.

Installation of proper Lightning Protection System is highly recommended

at retail site likely to be exposed to lightning strike.

In the absence of local standards, Lightning protection system has to be

done in accordance with BS 7671 or other recognized international
standards

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19.3.3 Main Distribution Board (MDB)

Electrical MDB is cabinet through which electrical main enters the

building and distributed to various points/ loads in the network.

Floor mounted type distribution board is recommended for retail site as

wall-mounted type often found to be not big enough to accommodate all
circuit breakers, on/ off switches, power stabilizers required to protect
electronic boards of fuel dispensers, and the Meter, where local
regulation allows to fit Meter in same cabinet. Ref Figure 49 below
regarding typical floor mounted MDB

MDB has to be manufactured in accordance with MEMA, DIN or other

recognized international standards; and installation has to be done in
accordance with applicable local regulations or recognized international
standards

All fixtures in MDB must be clearly labeled using durable labeling

materials. The labels have to be stuck above corresponding circuit
breaker/ switch, etc.

Service entrance conductors must have a readily accessible means of

being disconnected from the power supply. Hence should be fitted with
appropriate rating circuit breaker to disconnect and isolate the service
from all other equipment

The automatic circuit breaker (ACB) used to protect each circuit,

equipment and appliance should be of the right type/ rating, and must be
manufactured / installed in accordance with BS 4752 or other equivalent
international standards

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Figure 49 – E.g. of good Floor Mounted Electrical Distribution Board

Automatic
As-built circuit circuit breakers
diagram, layout
drawing

Lockable Power voltage

door stabilizer for
dispenser

Another example of
good floor mounted
electrical distribution
board

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19.3.4 Electrical Wiring

All electrical wire/ cables, connections and fittings used for electrical
wiring must confirm with BS7671 or other recognized international
standards. Cable/ wire sizing, color coding, laying, connections /
termination of wires should be done in accordance with recognized
practices

19.3.5 As-built Circuit Diagram

The Electrical Consultant / Contractor responsible for Design and

Installation should prepare as-built drawing consisting of:

1. The circuit diagram of them main/ sub distribution board (s)

2. Layout drawing indicating location of light points, socket outlets,

on/off switches, emergency switches, and other equipment &
appliances connected to the system
3. Eearthing system and lighting protection details (if lighting
protection is applicable to the site)
One copy of this document has to be kept in a transparent plastic
envelope attached/ hanged to the inside of the door of the main
distribution board.

19.3.6 Warning Signs

Any electrical repair/ maintenance job on the MDB has to be done by

qualified/ authorized Electrician.

Access to MDB or switch room should not be given to any other person,
except to the site staff(s) authorized to on/off power switches for lighting
and other equipment/ appliances as and when required

The warning sign (below) should be displayed on external face of the

MDB door or Switch room door (where there is dedicated switch room) to
alert all other staff and visitors passing-by that there is an electrical
hazard spot that should not be accessed by unauthorized person.

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The message written in RED above the sign could be translated and
written in local language

Figure 50 - Electrical Hazard Warning Sign

“Access by unauthorized person strictly forbidden”

19.3.7 Emergency Switch

Emergency switch should be installed to cut-off electrical power to all

dispensers in case of accident or fire.

The switch has to be mounted at most visible and easily reachable to

spot.

Recommendation is to mount it on external wall of the sales building,

facing the forecourt, at a height of 1.5 m from ground level.

Ensure that it is located out side the hazardous zones and clearly
marked “Emergency switch”

All site staff has to be trained on how to turn it off as part of station
emergency response training.

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19.3.8 Illumination Levels

The table below is guidance for recommended lighting level at different

workspaces:

Recommended Lighting Levels Illumination

Measured on horizontal plane at 800 mm height (lux, lumen/m2)
Shop 1000
Office 500
Service bay 400
Carwash 400
Toilets 400
Corridors/ passages 400
Canopy 400
Store / equipment room 200
Staff rooms 200

20. Attachment 1 - Tool-kit to determine no of filling positions

C:\Documents and
Settings\txtadess\Desktop\Filling_Positions calculation.xls

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21. Abbreviations used

API - American Petroleum Institute – Standards Authority

BS - British Standards
CPS - Corrugated Plate Separator
DIN - German Standards Institution
DCF - Discounted Cash Flow
FRP - Fibreglass reinforced plastic
GRP - Glass reinforced plastic
HDPE - High Density Polyethylene
HVAC - Heating ventilation and air conditioning
KDR - Knock Down and Re-build
ISO - International standards organization
MPD - Multi product dispenser
MTBF - Mean time between failures
NTI - New to Industry
N/mm2 - Newton per square millimeter
SHE - Safety, Health & Environment
TCO - Total Cost of Ownership
TUV - German based International firm specialize in testing
& certifying product
UL - Underwriters Laboratory – American Standard

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