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Subdivisions of Central Nervous System
The Spinal Cord - it acts as a network
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Key process whereby presynaptic connection between the brain and other parts
neurotransmitter release drives electrical
of the body. The Endocrine System is made up of
The Brain - it is the most wonderful structure of glands that make hormones. Hormones
and biochemical signals via opening of the body. It serves as the seat of all our mental
postsynaptic channels. processes.
are the body's chemical messengers.
They carry information and instructions
NEUROTRANSMITTERS Main Structures of the Brain from one set of cells to another.
Brainstem - it constitutes the brain's oldest The Endocrine System influences almost
and innermost region. Also called the "old every cell, organ, and function of our
A chemical substance that is released at the bodies.
brain" or the "central core".
end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve
Medulla - control heartbeat and breathing as well FUNCTIONS
impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or
junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to as the muscular functions associated with
swallowing, coughing, and sneezing. Endocrine glands release hormones into the
another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to
other structure. Cerebellum - it coordinates voluntary
movements and controls body balance. cells in other parts of the body.
Reticular Activating System (RAS) - a network It also helps control mood, growth and
Classification of Neurotransmitters
of neurons that controls the state of arousal. development, metabolism, and
Excitatory - “excites” the neuron and causes it
reproduction.
to “fire off the message,” meaning, the message The Limbic System - this part of the brain is
continues to be passed along to the next cell. linked with memory, emotions, such as fear and The endocrine System is in charge of
Inhibitory - block or prevent the chemical anger, and basic drives such as those for food slow body processes such as cell
message from being passed along any and sex growth.
further. Amygdala - a cluster of neutral cells within the GLANDS
Modulatory - Transmit messages to limbic system that influences emotional
several cells simultaneously and help to expression.
communicate with chemical transmitters. Hypothalamus - plays a major in the initiation of
An organ that produces and
motivated behavior. releases hormones that perform a
AGUILAR, VALDEZ, VERGARA
BS PSYCHOLOGY 1-A