EXPERIMENT NO.

1
Title: Inductance of Single-Strand and bundled Conductor

of 3-Phase Transmission Line

I. INTRODUCTION:
In inductance and inductive reactance, a current-carrying conductor
produces concentric magnetic flux lines around the conductor. If the current
varies with the time, the magnetic flux changes and a voltage is induced.
Therefore, an inductance is present, defined as the ratio of the magnetic flux
linkage and the current. The magnetic flux produced by the current in
transmission line conductors produces a total inductance whose magnitude
depends on the line configuration. To determine the inductance of the line, it is
necessary to calculate, as in any magnetic circuit with permeability m, the
following factors: Magnetic field intensity, Magnetic field density B, and Flux
linkage l.

In the medium and long transmission lines inductance (reactance) is more

effective than resistance. The current flow in the transmission line interacts with
the other parameter, i.e the Inductance. We know that when current flow within
a conductor, magnetic flux is set up. With the variation of current in the
conductor, the number of lines of flux also changes, and an emf is induced in it
(Faraday’s Law). This induced emf is represented by the parameter known as
inductance.

The flux linking with the conductor consist of two parts, namely, the
internal flux and the external flux. The internal flux is induced due to the current
flow in the conductor. The external flux produced around the conductor is due
to its own current and the current of the other conductor place around it. The
total inductance of the conductor is determined by the calculation of the internal
and external flux.
II. WIRING CIRCUIT:
III. DATA AND COMPUTATION:

GIVEN:
 450 mm2  0.00045 m2
 X(meters) at trial 1  7
 X(meters) at trial 2  8
 X(meters) at trial 3  9
 X(meters) at trial 4  10
 X(meters) at trial 5  11

.. RUN 1: Table 1.1

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 0.00932 1.38175x10-3 0.52091
2 8 0.00932 1.40599x10-3 0.53005
3 9 0.00932 1.42780x10-3 0.53827
4 10 0.00932 1.44759x10-3 0.54573
5 11 0.00932 1.46569x10-3 0.55255

SOLUTION: Table 1.1

TRIAL 1: TRIAL 4:
Geometric Area = πr2 Geometric Area = πr2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00045 /π) = 0.01197 m r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00045 /π) = 0.01197 m
Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) (r) = Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) (r) =
0.00932 0.00932

C = (√72 + 32) = 7.61577 C = (√102 + 32) = 10.44031

Dm = 3√(7.61577)2(14) = 9.32936 Dm = 3√(10.44031)2(20) = 12.96639

Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)] Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (9.32936/0.00932)] = (2x10-7) [ln (12.96639/0.00932)]
= 1.38175x10-3 H/phase/km = 1.44759x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ) XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.38175x10-3) = (2π) (60) (1.44759x10-3)

= 0.52091 Ω/phase/km = 0.54573 Ω/phase/km

TRIAL 2: TRIAL 5:
Geometric Area = πr2 Geometric Area = πr2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00045 /π) = 0.01197 m r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00045 /π) = 0.01197 m

Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) (r) = Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) (r) =
0.00932 0.00932

C = (√82 + 32) = 8.544 C = (√112 + 32) = 11.40175

Dm = 3√(8.544)2(16) = 10.53127 Dm = 3√(11.40175)2(22) = 14.19456

Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)] Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]

= (2x10-7) [ln (10.53127/0.00932)] = (2x10-7) [ln (14.19456/0.00932)]

= 1.40599x10-3 H/phase/km = 1.46569x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ) XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.40599x10-3) = (2π) (60) (1.46569x10-3)

= 0.53005 Ω/phase/km = 0.55255 Ω/phase/km
TRIAL 3:

Geometric Area = πr2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00045 /π) = 0.01197 m

Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) (r) =

0.00932

C = (√92 + 32) = 9.48683

Dm = 3√(9.48683)2(18) = 11.7446
Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (11.7446/0.00932)]

= 1.42780x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.42780x10-3)

= 0.53827 Ω/phase/km
.. RUN 2: Table 1.2

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 0.01009 1.36588x10-3 0.51492
2 8 0.01009 1.39011x10-3 0.52406
3 9 0.01009 1.41192x10-3 0.53228
4 10 0.01009 1.43171x10-3 0.53974
5 11 0.01009 1.44981x10-3 0.54657

SOLUTION: Table 1.2

TRIAL 1: TRIAL 4:

Ds = 9√(0.7788𝑟)3[(2𝑟)2]3 = Ds = 9√(0.7788𝑟)3[(2𝑟)2]3 =

1.46r A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2 1.46r A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π) r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (1.46) (r) = (1.46) Ds (meters) = (1.46) (r) = (1.46)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 0.01009m (6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 0.01009m

C = (√72 + 32) = 7.61577 C = (√102 + 32) = 10.44031

Dm = 3√(7.61577)2(14) = 9.32936 Dm = 3√(10.44031)2(20) = 12.96639

Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)] Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (9.32936/0.01009)] = (2x10-7) [ln (12.96639/0.01009)]
= 1.36588x10-3 H/phase/km = 1.43171x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ) XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.36588x10-3) = (2π) (60) (1.43171x10-3)

= 0.51492 Ω/phase/km = 0.53974 Ω/phase/km

TRIAL 2: TRIAL 5:

Ds = 9√(0.7788𝑟)3[(2𝑟)2]3 = Ds = 9√(0.7788𝑟)3[(2𝑟)2]3 =

1.46r A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2 1.46r A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π) r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (1.46) (r) = (1.46) Ds (meters) = (1.46) (r) = (1.46)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 0.01009m (6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 0.01009m

C = (√82 + 32) = 8.544 C = (√112 + 32) = 11.40175

Dm = 3√(8.544)2(16) = 10.53127 Dm = 3√(11.40175)2(22) = 14.19456

Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)] Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]

= (2x10-7) [ln (10.53127/0.01009)] = (2x10-7) [ln (14.19456/0.01009)]

= 1.39011x10-3 H/phase/km = 1.44981x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ) XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.39011x10-3) = (2π) (60) (1.44981x10-3)

= 0.52406 Ω/phase/km = 0.54657 Ω/phase/km
TRIAL 3:

Ds = 9√(0.7788𝑟)3[(2𝑟)2]3 =

1.46r A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (1.46) (r) = (1.46)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 0.01009m

C = (√92 + 32) = 9.48683

Dm = 3√(9.48683)2(18) = 11.7446
Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/Ds)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (11.7446/0.01009)]
= 1.41192x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (1.41192x10-3)

= 0.53228 Ω/phase/km
.. RUN 3: Table 1.3

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 8.93076x10-3 8.83363x10-4 0.33302
2 8 8.93076x10-3 9.07599x10-4 0.34216
3 9 8.93076x10-3 9.29408x10-4 0.35038
4 10 8.93076x10-3 9.49202x10-4 0.35784
5 11 8.93076x10-3 9.67301x10-4 0.36466

SOLUTION: Table 1.3

Given: d = 40 cm 0.4 m

TRIAL 1: TRIAL 4:
A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2 A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π) r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 5.38141x10-3 m (6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 5.38141x10-3 m

DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2 DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2

= 3√(5.38141𝑥10−3)(0.4)2 = 3√(5.38141𝑥10−3)(0.4)2
= 0.0951 m = 0.0951 m

C = (√72 + 32) = 7.61577 C = (√102 + 32) = 10.44031

Dm = 3√(7.61577)2(14) = Dm = 3√(10.44031)2(20) = 12.96639

9.32936
Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/DSL)]
Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/DSL)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (12.96639/0.0951)]
-7
= (2x10 ) [ln (9.32936/0.0951)]
= 9.83037x10-4 H/phase/km
-4
= 9.17199x10 H/phase/km
XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)
XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)
= (2π) (60) (9.83047x10-4)
-4
= (2π) (60) (9.17199x10 )
= 0.37060 Ω/phase/km
= 0.34578 Ω/phase/km
TRIAL 2: TRIAL 5:
A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2 A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π) r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788) Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 5.38141x10-3 m (6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 5.38141x10-3 m

DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2 DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2

= 3√(5.38141𝑥10−3)(0.4)2 = 3√(5.38141𝑥10−3)(0.4)2
= 0.0951 m = 0.0951 m

C = (√82 + 32) = 8.544 C = (√112 + 32) = 11.40175

Dm = 3√(8.544)2(16) = 10.53127 Dm = 3√(11.40175)2(22) = 14.19456

Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/DSL)] Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/DSL)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (10.53127/0.0951)] = (2x10-7) [ln (14.19456/0.0951)]
= 9.41435x10-4 H/phase/km = 1.00114x10-3 H/phase/km

XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ) XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)

= (2π) (60) (9.41435x10-4) = (2π) (60) (1.00114x10-3)

= 0.35491 Ω/phase/km = 0.37742 Ω/phase/km

TRIAL 3:
A = 0.00045 / 3 = 0.00015 m2

r = (√𝐴 /π) = (√0.00015 /π)

r = 6.90988x10-3 m
Ds (meters) = (0.7788) (r) = (0.7788)
(6.90988𝑥10−3 ) = 5.38141x10-3 m

DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2

= 3√(5.38141𝑥10−3)(0.4)2
= 0.09513 m

C = (√92 + 32) = 9.48683

Dm = 3√(9.48683)2(18) =
11.7446
Lϕ = (2x10-7) [ln (Dm/DSL)]
= (2x10-7) [ln (11.7446/0.0951)]
= 9.63244x10-4 H/phase/km XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ)
= (2π) (60) (9.63244x10-4)
= 0.36313 Ω/phase/km
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

The purpose of the experiment is for students to be familiarized with the

calculation of inductance of a three-phase transmission line and with the
calculation of inductance of stranded and bundled conductors. The student
should be able to observe the effect of phase displacement on inductance in
three-phase transmission line and the effect of bundle displacement on
inductance in three- phase transmission line; as well as compare the inductance
single strand, stranded and bundled conductor.

TABLE 1.1
(Run 1)

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 0.00932 1.38175x10-3 0.52091
2 8 0.00932 1.40599x10-3 0.53005
3 9 0.00932 1.42780x10-3 0.53827
4 10 0.00932 1.44759x10-3 0.54573
5 11 0.00932 1.46569x10-3 0.55255

Table 1.1 above represents the set of data gathered during the 1st part of
the experiment showing the x in meters from using the 2 nd last digit of my
student number, the Ds or Geometric Mean Radius (GMR), the L for inductance,
and the XL for inductive reactance. Based on the figure presented on the
procedure for run 1, it shows a single stranded conductor that has a cross-
sectional area of 450 mm2. With a given geometric area of 450 mm 2, the formula
that will be used to determine radius (r) is r = (√𝐴 /π) which is derived from the
formula used for determining the geometric area which is A = πr2. With a single
stranded conductor, the formula that will be used to compute the Ds or GMR is
Ds = (0.7788) (r). Before proceeding with computing the Dm or geometric mean
distance, the hypotenuse (c) of X and Y must be calculate first using
Pythagorean theorem. Obtaining the hypotenuse, the Dm for run 1 can now be
calculated using Dm =
3
√(𝑐)2(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑋𝑚) . By acquiring the Dm, inductance per phase can now be
acquired using the formula Lϕ = (2x10 -7) [ln (Dm/Ds)] then multiply to 1000 to
convert to kilometer. It is then followed by the inductive reactance which can
now be calculated using XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ).

Analyzing the data gathered for every trial, the single strand conductor
has the lowest Ds or GMR value recorded when compared to run 2 which uses a
three-
strand conductor and run 3 which uses a three-bundle conductor. It is observed
that as the Dm or the geometric mean distance increases, the inductance as well
as the inductive reactance increases as well which makes them proportional.

TABLE 1.2
(Run 2)

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 0.01009 1.36588x10-3 0.51492
2 8 0.01009 1.39011x10-3 0.52406
3 9 0.01009 1.41192x10-3 0.53228
4 10 0.01009 1.43171x10-3 0.53974
5 11 0.01009 1.44981x10-3 0.54657

Table 1.2 above represents the set of data gathered during the 2 nd part of
the experiment showing the x in meters from using the 2nd last digit of my
student number, the Ds or Geometric Mean Radius (GMR), the L for
inductance, and the XL for inductive reactance. Based on the figure presented on
the procedure for run 2, it shows a three stranded conductor that has a cross-
sectional area of 450 mm2. The area of 450 mm2 conductor will divided into
three identical solid conductors. The formula that will be used to determine
radius (r) is r = (√𝐴 /π) which is derived from the formula used for determining
the geometric area which is A = πr2. With a three stranded conductor, the
formula that will be used to compute the Ds or GMR is Ds = 1.46 (r). Before
proceeding with computing the Dm or geometric mean distance, the hypotenuse
(c) of X and Y must be calculate first using Pythagorean theorem. Obtaining the
hypotenuse, the Dm for run 2 can
now be calculated using Dm = 3√(𝑐)2(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑋𝑚) . By acquiring the Dm,
inductance per phase can now be acquired using the formula Lϕ = (2x10 -7) [ln
(Dm/Ds)] then multiply to 1000 to convert to kilometer. It is then followed by
the inductive reactance which can now be calculated using XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ).

Analyzing the data gathered for every trial, the Ds or GMR value
recorded in three-strand conductor is higher when compared to run 1 which uses
a single- strand conductor and lower when compared to run 3 which uses a
three-bundle conductor. It is observed that as the Dm or the geometric mean
distance increases, the inductance as well as the inductive reactance increases as
well which makes them proportional.
 TABLE 1.3
(Run 3)

Trial x Ds L XL
(meters) (meters) (H/phase/km) (ohm/phase/km)
1 7 0.0951 9.17199x10-4 0.34578
2 8 0.0951 9.41435x10-4 0.35491
3 9 0.0951 9.63244x10-4 0.36313
4 10 0.0951 9.83037x10-4 0.37060
5 11 0.0951 1.00114x10-3 0.37742

Table 1.3 above represents the set of data gathered during the 3 rd part of
the experiment showing the x in meters from using the 2nd last digit of my
student number, the Ds or Geometric Mean Radius (GMR), the L for
inductance, and the XL for inductive reactance. Based on the figure presented on
the procedure for run 3, the three-strand conductor in run 2 will form a three-
bundle conductor. The formula that will be used to determine radius (r) is r =
(√𝐴 /π) which is derived from the formula used for determining the geometric
area which is A = πr2. With a three-bundle conductor, the formula that will be
used to compute DSL is DSL = 3√(𝐷𝑠) (𝑑)2 . Before proceeding with computing
the Dm or geometric mean distance, the hypotenuse (c) of X and Y must be
calculate first using Pythagorean theorem. Obtaining the hypotenuse, the Dm
for run 3 can now be calculated using
Dm = 3√(𝑐)2(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑋𝑚). By acquiring the Dm, inductance per phase can now
be acquired using the formula Lϕ = (2x10 -7) [ln (Dm/DSL)] then multiply to 1000
to convert to kilometer. It is then followed by the inductive reactance which can
now be calculated using XLϕ = (2π) (60) (Lϕ).

Analyzing the data gathered for every trial, the Ds or GMR value
recorded in three-bundle conductor is higher when compared to run 1 which
uses a single- strand conductor as well as to run 3 which uses a three-bundle
conductor. It is observed that as the Dm or the geometric mean distance
increases, the inductance as well as the inductive reactance increases as well
which makes them proportional.
V. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION:

For this experiment, the student has become familiarized with the
calculation of inductance of a three-phase transmission line and with the
calculation of inductance of stranded and bundled conductors. The student is
able to observe the effect of phase displacement on inductance in three-phase
transmission line and the effect of bundle displacement on inductance in three-
phase transmission line; as well as compare the inductance single strand,
stranded and bundled conductor.

It is concluded that the single-strand, three-strand and three-bundle

conductors are affected by the changes of Geometric Mean Radius (GMR or
Ds) and the Geometric Mean Distance (Dm). The change of distance mainly
affects the inductance and inductive reactance of the type of conductor used in
the experiment. In single strand conductor, it has the lowest Ds or GMR value
recorded when compared to run 2 which uses a three-strand conductor and run 3
which uses a three-bundle conductor. While the Ds or GMR value recorded in
three-bundle conductor is higher when compared to run 1 which uses a single-
strand conductor as well as to run 3. It is observed that as the Dm or the
geometric mean distance increases, the inductance as well as the inductive
reactance increases as well which makes them proportional.
VI. REFERENCES:

Circuit Globe (n.d). Inductance of Transmission Line. Retrieved from:

https://circuitglobe.com/inductance-of-transmission-line.html

Taylor & Francis Group (2006). Transmission Line Parameters. Retrieved from:
https://www.unioviedo.es/pcasielles/uploads/proyectantes/cosas_lineas.pdf

Submitted by:

Jan Darrel B. Ocampo

20181166370

Subject and Section:

NEE 4102 – 1EE