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Hypothesis Testing

testing of hypothesis

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Neha Singh
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9 views

Hypothesis Testing

testing of hypothesis

Uploaded by

Neha Singh
Copyright
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1 1 Testing of Hypotheses LEARNING GOALS ‘Air complaing he apes you will beable + Undesand the need frtesngalypohess + Do several ypes of small sample ces: + Undestand the bse concepts and apps, Fees. Chiagur, goodness ffi cation of teing of hypothe + Do tes ofhomogency and proportions. + Do see pes of normale for ge simple EEED Introduction Tr ean of ian we hve cn dh whet pepulson pornos fic patameers canbe ese eer wid gle eal ae sine unknown ‘ox two el values within which she parsmerr of res fle wih pcicd pbb Geral ‘timo rm be noted tha thet eximates arin fc, sed on singe simpe sp) fae ns Now Tet ws ammmesstuton in which we hee ths raph on tnd whee Popa on isnt Kn a suspeced abe fom» popeation with parnmeer Inthe ery whee the spl den iin at, Fm the population with parce @, we eb ‘ismean af the population, then the ample sic mas tha be the mens ofthe sample, if isthe population propor then the ttc mst al ‘he proportion of the sumple and 0 on) and pt Adan nthe populon with pr "mpl, then we conclude the the sample ‘cherie we cold ho hs eos ers seme ee popelcon “The proces of assuming a owe simple and vexing for lw at toting of pes Hewere she sample col ei om pop m tail st to know wheter che che et eure in aor a the come fom the population who parameters 8, nme Bop no, he decsion oul nro sme so: of eter. This is msily dew the fc {hac rom he original populacon fom whete the spe would hve come from one can da a ‘many samples athe mpl ati, being varble by ial bined fom exch sample could ‘rl indies conclrions. Homeve, ih experiments may pce oR intel or dhe probably of comming ack an eroe This the lvl a wich the sp iia ifr or do nor dif rom he aesmed poplon parm etic ny cher Scanned with OKEN Scanner 292 ITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS This pene lee is cw atthe le fein and ies to tha ofthe confidence cocci in which wil (I~ 0 gives the probity har the population parameters within tosample sie vals one sat andthe ethers igh The lene pretty (a2 + (13) = @demonsraes the lee which the experienc cannot be conde, Her, whe the ‘ea coreponing te (= called asthe ape rn dhe ea comesponng to scl 25 the reo pon fe to Figure 111 gen for a tir dsebaton) icy ppl 11.1.1. Relation Between Confidence Interval and Testing of Hypothesis szsumed aan eximate of 8 lls within the confidence limit sy and Gy than we conclude ‘hat ievould hae come from he populcon whom parameters 8 Others ifthe sample aie tefl ouside the confidence iit ten we conclude da the eample no fom the populaion rho parame Therefore we have iG, <0<0,)= =a, rbd)=$ Then P(0,<0<0,)=1=a is termed asthe acceptance gin and P04,)- 84 Sa0 is emda the refeion region (fet Figure 1.1 11.12 Level of Significance and p-Value Lew comers sation where we woul kee kom whether x sample of dh metres ‘feces of fah acl bas come from sh population whan verge wh between 14 inches and 20 inches. Tha if me cpneider Othe average wth ofthe fh poplin, then we havel4 $6520. Here, in Gc, 6) =14 ape Gy =20- If ie she mean caine’ on the sample wth cbacration, then if <4 8>20 we conclude that ths sample dae nat felon to the fish population whose average width i inthe range 14 inches and 20 inches, Scanned with OKEN Scanner APTER H-TESTING OF HYPOTHES! 293 Figure 11.2 Acceptance and ejection Or otherwise, if 145852 we concie that cis sample hat come from the fish population ne average wih isin the range Lt inches ad 20 inches. By this, we mean thatthe ifference Beoween Band 8 ie not significant. IF the undying population ie normaly diibated with rein and waiance 0 that sf ls 8 ia otal density, then thi station can be depicted ple mean obtained fiom sample of em, then we ave band VO ‘Now scorn the cena oem we ave 1 Zz and Zsa wandard nema vaviate with mean O and standard deviation 1, Now cont Pussdcana1—a Then pf idan < d-a From Figure 1.2, the acepance region it Pudsds20)= (ee a Of Pig: $ZS44,,)=1-0 © scanned with OKEN Scanner wen EE aod 8 and can be obtained for dierent poied owl. For iy if @> 20, shen the comesponding vale of Zcan be elated nd thi ills inthe rejection repo i the sigh tl of che dinsibucon. Heres, we have ome it maybe woe that when me compute ee of et sei we ihr so both This implies 9 MZ ) and lon asthe pobublry value or apy pale. dented by which give the scl ee re tha is the sumed es ict Figure 11.3), However i, 2 hen sceeogy we il ave Ser Figure 13 Aan ees Scanned with OKEN Scanner Testing of Hypothesis tecween he sample sate drlaive to the standard err of @ is reasonably small then ould Have come fom the population whose patamete i 8 lcs he peeing resting of hype deals wih making mc By 8 By of the poplaon Fyre were «sample hs cme then using he ample informacion in the Toe ofsample tiie 6, sail en te peso foe cal Hs9=8, vers Hs 06 Type Lor) = PUR |, ive) = PR 4) = sy) Table 11-1 Decisions taken by the experimenter and the outcomes Deca ba (Gide apt Gude wot oe edity cops omg © scanned with OKEN Scanner Type leon) =~ PAcept Hy, PiReet Hi ife)=1~ -b is ely noe gy Thi ero leads 0 Typel is ely uly hen Type en Bases A the same ines he fly wen hein eally lly thi gves he peer ~ dunt resin in Type ingin Type I eon J. Hwee fom te tomer ple of webb x pod nie i 11.2.1 Test Statistics isfoms normal population with met neo" 18 isthe ple ample of acm hen unde the umpson, te, 8= hor = He we bane £18) sn V(Q)=V(@)=@ ln Since =F may be le han o equal to reser than the tuned =a _le-1 Heal then we say hat © ie aay fom with profiel Typ ero probably 2 Theron EtSample sis ror of sample ac © scanned with OKEN Scanner WZen)oNZ> gare 114 Sh ate shoms PIZ < ty i rejected, hen thr ae ens wher one interested eo know wheter 88, oly or > ol. thera vale such tha PILZ <=) = and then were Hi 0= 0 if, <~ey. whre nd hiveawe MZ 8, 6-0 6-8, and inthincane MZ > 2,)= pc eer a Figue 118) Scanned with OKEN Scanner Figure 1.6 Shed se shone PLZ > +24) igh), 11.22 Steps for Hypothesis Testing (Normal Test) The filling ae tee for hypothe ting Step 1: Prope the ml hypothe Hy sy HO 8, who isthe unknown prasad i Sie re hypothesis H, aflame: (0) 11:00, for swe ll of significance rwith efi pobaii a2 ane (©) 14:06, fr lef ex ofipiticance wth eal roabily is (0 8204 te bev of Sep 3 Asu 05 55) and cr=0.01 (1%) and aban he © scanned with OKEN Scanner Sample seine (Sample sane) 0-0 _ 4-8 Sambrdenorof amples" oMdn oF and compute Z value wih wion of 8 @and of vale Figure 11.7 Clasifcin of bpote © scanned with OKEN Scanner Large Sample Tests 11.8.1 Large Sample Tests for Single Mean (Variance ie Known) eX hea rnd ra age sample yp) af nem (n> 30) which pected co ave dee en she population with mean J i ay) and known standard deviation. The wal pothesis ane eae res Hep ty (loreworai es) Hawa nh, vere Howey, (orkid Hemi, vere Hsu> th, lor igh) pa b-O 5-H 2 Reject under igh et i > otherwise accept 11.42 Large Sample Tests for Diference of Two Means (Variances are Known) tmcan nf ed snd devniom ty Lc ta eoppe that wee acter ge sac 14) of sem devon fora population whose mean i and andar devon i 0 fae! sume ha thee ewe populations se ndependent ad ther standard deviations an, ves Heth th ai 4, vers Heh, (rll) Hea = Hy versus Ha> hy lor sghesil es) © scanned with OKEN Scanner

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