WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

STATISTICS AND GRADE

PROBABILITY 11

3
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 5

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 MODULE IN
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

QUARTER 3
WEEK 5

Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Development Team

Writers: Jerick S. Paltong Michael G. Calipjo Ma. Teresa R. Pascual

Editors/Reviewers: Gerson Jeremy C. Antonio Myla Fei Martinez Gregorio C. Agatep, Jr.
Illustrator: Jeshimon C. Patoc
Layout Artist: Vanessa Miguel
Management Team:
Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Marlyn S. Ventura

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 What I Need to Know
In this module, we shall learn how to construct the sampling distribution of the sample
means. In the succeeding lessons, we shall find out some important characteristics of the
sample distribution of the sample means. This will eventually help us understand the process
of making statistical inferences about the population using a sample drawn from it.

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

The learner:
1. illustrates random sampling;
2. distinguishes between parameter and statistic; and
3. identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean).

OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the module, the students are expected to:
1. illustrate random sampling;
2. distinguish between parameter and statistic;
3. construct a sampling distribution of sample means; and
4. construct a histogram of the sampling distribution of the sample means.

What I Know

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the correct answer from among the choices.
Use a separate sheet of paper as your answer sheet.

1. How many samples are possible when a population consists of 4 values with a sample
size of 2?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

For nos. 2 and 3,

The following are the heights of five students in centimeters. Suppose samples of size
3 are taken from this population of five students.
Student Height (in cm)
Marie 120
Ma. Consuelo 130
Marjorie 110
Mark 125
Mhanuel 115

2. How many samples are possible?

A. 10 B. 8 C. 6 D. 4

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 3. What is the mean of the population?
A. 110 B. 115 C. 120 D. 125
4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
A. The mean is greater than the population mean.
B. The mean is less than the population mean.
C. The mean is equal to the population mean.
D. None of the above

5. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a parameter
and a statistic?
A. A parameter has a sampling distribution with the statistic as its mean.
B. A parameter has a sampling distribution that can determine what values the
statistic is likely to have in repeated samples.
C. A parameter is used to estimate a statistic.
D. A statistic is used to estimate a parameter.

6. Samples of three cards are drawn at random from a population of eight cards numbered
1 to 8. How many possible samples can be drawn?
A. 46 B. 56 C. 66 D. 76

For nos. 7 and 8, refer to the situation below.

A survey will be given to 100 randomly selected Grade 11 students at Ilocos Norte
College of Arts and Trades.
7. What is the population?
A. the 100 selected students
B. all Grade 11 students
C. all Grade 11 students at Ilocos Norte College of Arts and Traders
D. all students at Ilocos Norte College of Arts and Trades
8. What is the sample?
A. the 100 selected students
B. all Grade 11 students
C. all Grade 11 students at Ilocos Norte College of Arts and Trades
D. all students at Ilocos Norte College of Arts and Trades

9. “A survey about timekeeping might divide the population by time zone, then take 100
random samples per zone”, what type of random sampling will fall?
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Systematic Sampling
C. Stratified Sampling
D. Cluster Sampling
10. A pharmaceutical company wants to test the effectiveness of a new drug. Volunteers
are assigned randomly to one of two groups. The first group will receive the new drug;
the second group will receive a placebo. Which type of sampling technique to be used
in this given situation?
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Sampling
C. Stratified Sampling
D. Cluster Sampling

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 Lesson

1 RANDOM SAMPLING

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1. Random Hunt

Description: This activity focuses on the different types of random sampling in the form of a
crossword puzzle. You should find the different types of random sampling from the puzzle.
N A A E S C T A A B Random
M N S T R D R B B E
N D N E A E A C S A
Simple
G O O F S R T D I S
I M W G Y S I E M T
J S B H S A F E P S Quota
U S A J T E I E L E
Y A L Y E R E C E R Stratified
H A L U M R D S A E
U T V I A T N E A R Cluster
O G N O T Y O C P T
L B A P I U O B B T
Systematic
P F B I C Q U O T A

What’s New

A researcher prefers to achieve unbiased results in his or her study. One of the
best ways to fulfill this is through the use of random sampling.

What is It

TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING

1. Simple Random Sampling is a sampling technique in which each member of the

sample is selected by the equivalent drawing of lots.

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 Example 1:
A researcher wants to study the effects of social media on Grade 11 students
in Ilocos Norte College of Arts and Trades. He wishes to use the simple random
sampling technique in choosing the members of his sample. If there are 1000 Grade
11 students in the school, how many students should be in his sample? Discuss the
steps he must take if he wishes to use the lottery method.
Solution:

Step 1. Determine the number of students that should be in the sample. Use The
Slovin’s formula as follows:
𝑁
𝑛=
1+𝑁𝑒2

where, 𝑛 = number of samples needed

𝑁= population size
𝑒 = margin of error
For the margin of error, use 5% or 0.05.
Therefore,
1000
𝑛=
1+(1,000)(0.05)2
𝑛 = 285.7 𝑜𝑟 286

Step 2. Assign a number to each member of the population. In this problem, assign a
number to each of the 1,000 students.

Step 3. Write the numbers on pieces of paper with the same size and shape. Fold the
pieces of paper.

Step 4. Put all the folded pieces of paper in a bowl or box.

Step 5. Without looking, randomly pick out 286 folded pieces from the bowl or box.

2. Systematic sampling is a random sampling technique in which every kth element of

the population is selected until the desired number of elements in the sample is
obtained. The value of k is calculated by dividing the number of elements in the
population by the number of elements in the desired sample. The value of k is the
sampling interval.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑘=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛
where 𝑘 = sampling interval
𝑁 = population size
𝑛 = sample size

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 Example 2:
In a group of 250 students, how will you select a sample containing 71 students
using the systematic sampling technique?

Solution:

Step 1. Prepare a sampling frame by randomly arranging the 250 students.

Step 2. Assign each student a number from 1 to 250.

Step 3. Find the sampling interval k. Divide the population size 250 by the sample size
71.
𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛

250
𝑘=
71
= 3.52 𝑜𝑟 4
Step 4. Select any whole number between 0 and k + 1 by simple random technique.
The numbers between 0 and k + 1 are 1, 2, 3, and 4. This chosen value is called the
random start.

Step 5. Assume that the randomly selected number is 2. Use 2 as the starting number.

Step 6. Select every 4th student from the sampling frame starting from the 2nd student.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14……..

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

The numbers of the sample will then 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, …

3. Stratified sampling is a random sampling technique in which the population is first

divided into strata, and then samples are randomly separately from each stratum. In
stratified sampling, the population is partitioned into several subgroups called strata,
based on some characteristics like year, level, gender, age, ethnicity, etc.
Example 3:
You want to interview 200 students in your school to determine their opinion on
the new school uniform. How will you choose your sample by using stratified sampling
if there are 1,200 students in Grade 7; 1,100 in Grade 8; 1,050 in Grade 9; 940 in
Grade 10; 900 in Grade 11; and 810 in Grade 12?

Solution:
Subdivide the population into several strata. In this problem, subdivide the
population into year levels. Then, make a table similar to the following.

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 Population Number of Students Per Sample
N= 6,000 Stratum n = 200
Grade 7 1,200 40
Grade 8 1,100 37
Grade 9 1,050 35
Grade 10 940 31
Grade 11 900 30
Grade 12 810 27
Total 6,000 200

To obtain the sample size per year level, divide the total number of students per year
level by the total number of students in school, and then multiply the result by 200.
Then, select the members of each sample by using simple random sampling. For
instance, in Grade 7, select the 40 students from the 1,200 students by using SRS.
To compute the sample size in each grade level:

a. Grade 7: 1,200 𝑥 200 = 40 d. Grade 8: 1,100 𝑥 200 = 36.667 𝑜𝑟 37

6,000 6,000
b. Grade 9: 1,050 𝑥 200 = 35 e. Grade 10: 940 𝑥 200 = 31.33 𝑜𝑟 33
6,000 6,000
c. Grade 11: 900 𝑥 200 = 30 f. Grade 12: 810 𝑥 200 = 27
6,000 6,000

Sometimes, the computation will result in one less than the value of n. If this happens,
round up one of the data to the next integer. In this problem, n= 200. If the sum of all the
samples per year level is 199 instead of 200, then round up one of the data, which is not
a whole number, to the next integer.
Cluster Sampling is a random sampling technique in which the entire population is broken
into small groups or clusters, and from the selected clusters, random samples will be
selected. The data from the randomly selected clusters are the ones that are analyzed.

The difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that the sample
consists of elements from the selected clusters only. In contrast, in stratified sampling, the
sample consists of elements from all the strata.

Example 4:
A researcher wants to determine who among the families in a small town are using the
new detergent product. How is she going to do this using the cluster sampling technique?

Solution

Step 1. Divide the population into clusters. Use barrios as clusters

Step 2. Not all the barrios of the town will be included in the sample. Choose the final
barrios by using either simple random sampling or a systematic sampling
technique.
Step 3. Not all the families in each selected barrio will be included in the study. Select
the final families to be included in the sample by using either a simple random
sampling or systematic random sampling technique.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 2. Know Me More!

Directions: Identify the type of sampling technique used by the researcher in each of the
following situations.

1. A soccer coach selects six players from a group of boys aged eight to ten, seven
players from a group aged 11 to 12, and three players from a group of boys aged 13
to 14 to form a recreational soccer team.
2. The teacher gave the researcher a list of 125 Grade 11 students. The researcher
selected every 15th name on the list.
3. A pollster interviews all human resource personnel in five different high tech
companies.
4. A high school educational researcher interviews 50 high school female teachers and
50 high school male teachers.
5. A researcher interviewed people from each town in the province of Ilocos Norte for his
research on technologies.
6. A researcher surveyed all anemic patients in each of the four randomly selected
hospitals in Ilocos Norte.
7. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list of cancer patients
at a local hospital.
8. A high school counselor uses a computer to generate 50 random numbers and then
picks students whose names correspond to the numbers.
9. A teacher asked her students to fall in line. He instructed one of them to select every
4th student in the line.
10. A researcher selected a sample of n = 100 from a population of 650 by using the Table
of Random Numbers.
11. A researcher studying the effects of educational attainment on promotion conducted a
survey of 25 randomly selected workers from each of these categories: college
graduate, master’s degree, and doctoral degree.
12. A researcher wants to determine who among the families in a small town divided into
barrios are using the new HUAWEI cellphone. These are the final barrios to respond
in the research.
13. In recent research conducted in a public school, the subjects of the study were selected
using the Table of Random Numbers.
14. A researcher is studying the reaction of the students to the ban of soft drinks in the
canteen. He interviews every 8 th student entering the gate of the school.
15. A teacher conducted a study in her school to determine who was better in English: the
girls or the boys.

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 What’s More
ACTIVITY 3. Let Me Do It
Solve the following problems.

1. A researcher wants to study the effects of social media on Grade 11 students in Ilocos
Norte College of Arts and Trades. If there are 1,000 Grade 11 students in the school,
how many students should there be in his sample?
2. What would be the sampling interval in a group of 250 students with a sample
containing 71 students?
3. You want to interview 300 students in your school to determine their opinion on the
new school uniform. How will you choose your sample using stratified sampling if there
are 1500 students in Grade 7; 1,200 in Grade 8; 1020 in Grade 9; 980 in Grade 10;
1250 in Grade 11; and 2050 in Grade 12? Complete the table below.
Population Number of Students Per Sample
N = 8000 Stratum n = 300
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Total

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 Lesson
PARAMETER AND
2 STATISTIC

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1: Population or Sample? Give it a try:

Directions: For the following problems, decide if the situation deals with a “population” data
set or a “sample” data set. Explain your decision.
1. Mrs. Pascual wants to do a statistical analysis of students’ final examination scores
in her math class for the past year. Should she consider her data to be a population
data set or a sample data set?

2. A group of students surveys 100 students from their freshman class to determine the
number of pets in each student’s household. The group plans to compute statistical
findings on their data and generalize these findings to the homes of all freshmen
students. Should the group consider their data to be a population data set or a sample
data set?

What’s New

This lesson will discuss parameter and statistic

A parameter is a measure that describes a population. Parameters are usually

denoted by Greek letters. Population mean 𝜇, population variance 𝜎2, and population
standard deviation 𝜎 are examples of parameters. On the other hand, a statistic is a
measure that describes a sample mean 𝑥, sample variance 𝑠2 , and sample standard
deviation 𝑠.

What is It

What is the difference between a statistic and a parameter?

A statistic and a parameter are very similar. The difference between a statistic and
a parameter is that a statistic describes a sample, while a parameter describes an entire
population.

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 Parameter. It is a measure that describes a population.
Statistic. It is a measure that describes a sample.

We want to know about these We have these to work with

Random Selection

Population Sample
Inference
Parameter (𝜇) Statistic (𝑥)
(population mean) (sample mean)

Figure 1. Illustration of the relationship between samples and populations.

Example 1:
The students want to know the average length of a butterfly.
Answer: This is a parameter because it is states something about the entire population of
butterflies.

Example 2:
Identify the parameter and statistic in the given situation

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of women aged 20 years or older. From a
simple random sample of 45 women, the researcher obtains a sample mean height of 63.9
inches.

Answer:
The parameter is the average height of all women aged 20 years or older.
The statistic is the average height of 63.9 inches from the sample of 45 women.

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Example 3:
Identify the parameter and statistic in the given situation.

A nutritionist wants to estimate the mean amount of sodium consumed by children under the
age of 10. From a random sample of 75 children under the age of 10, the nutritionist obtains
a sample mean of 2993 milligrams of sodium consumed.

Answer:
The parameter is the mean amount of sodium consumed by children under the age of ten.
The statistic is the mean of 2993 milligrams of sodium obtained from the sample of 75
children.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2. Identify Me!!!

Directions: Tell whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.
1. Jupiter has 67 confirmed moons.
2. The Philippines consists of 7,641 islands.
3. Fifty students who were randomly selected will participate in a study on the effects
of using calculators in learning mathematics.
4. In a study concerning employees’ economic status in a certain company, a
researcher randomly selected 45 employees.
5. Based on a sample of 900 elementary students, it was found out that 30% of them
could not do long division.
6. A teacher randomly selected 15 students from her class. These 15 students were
asked to go to the auditorium to be interviewed by a researcher.
7. The Mathematics department consists of 19 male teachers, 12 female teachers,
and one department head.
8. A researcher randomly selected twenty-five people. They will take part in a
research study on cleanliness.
9. The City of Manila is politically divided into six legislative districts.
10. The Statistics teacher randomly selected 35 questions from previous questions to
be given in the coming second periodic examination.
11. It was found out that ten teachers in a certain private high school have doctorate
degrees.
12. In a survey of 1,500 bulbs manufactured by a company, it was found out that 120
of them were defective.
13. The Philippine Senate is composed of 24 senators.
14. Based on a sample of 1,200 surveyed students, it was found out that 20% of them
needed financial aids.
15. The manager randomly selected 35 employees to participate in the Sports Fest.

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 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3. Give It !!!

Directions: Identify the parameter and statistic of the following situations.

1. Nexium is a drug that can be used to reduce the acid produced by the body and
heal damage to the esophagus. A researcher wants to estimate the proportion of
patients taking Nexium that are healed within eight weeks. A random sample of
224 patients suffering from acid reflux is obtained, and 213 of those patients were
healed after eight weeks.
Parameter:
Statistics:
2. An education official wants to estimate the proportion of adults aged 18 or older
who had read at least one book during the previous year. A random sample of
1006 adults aged 18 or older is obtained, and 835 of those adults had read at least
one book during the previous year.
Parameter:
Statistic:
3. A school Administrator wants to estimate the mean score on the verbal portion of
a certain exam for students whose first language is not English. From a simple
random sample of 20 students whose first language is not English, the
administrator obtains a sample mean score of 458.
Parameter:
Statistic:

SAMPLING
Lesson
DISTRIBUTION OF
3 STATISTICS (SAMPLE
MEAN)
What’s New

In this lesson, we will discuss sampling distribution of sample means. A sampling

distribution of sample means is a frequency distribution using the means computed from all
possibles random samples of a specific size taken from a population. The means of the
samples are less than or greater than the mean of the population.

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 What is It

Steps in Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Means

1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random samples that can be drawn from
the given population by using the formula, NCn, where N is the population size and n is
the sample size.
2. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample.
3. Construct the sampling distribution.
4. Construct a histogram of the sampling distribution of the means.
Example 1.
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, and 5. List all possible sample size
from this population and compute the mean of each sample.
Solution:
1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random samples that can be drawn from the
given population by using the formula, NCn, where N is the population size and n is the
sample size.
𝑁!
NCn =
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!
5!
NCn =
3!(5−3)!
5∙4∙3∙2∙1
=
3∙2∙1∙2∙1
= 10
There are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be drawn from the given data.

2. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample.
2 4 9 10 5 NCn = 10

Possible Samples of Size 3 Mean

2, 4, 9 5
2, 4, 10 5.33
2, 4, 5 3.67
2, 9, 10 7
2, 9, 5 5.33
2, 10, 5 5.67
4, 9, 10 7.67
4, 9, 5 6
4, 10, 5 6.33
9, 10, 5 8
2+4+9 2+4+10 2+4+5
𝑥= =5 𝑥= = 5.33 𝑥= = 3.67
3 3 3

2+9+10 2+9+5 2+10+5

𝑥= =7 𝑥= = 5.33 𝑥= = 5.67
3 3 3
4+9+10 4+9+5 4+10+5
𝑥= = 7.67 𝑥= =6 𝑥= = 6.33
3 3 3

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 3. Construct the sampling distribution.
Sample Mean (𝑥) Frequency Probability
3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
5 1 1/10 = 0.10
5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
6 1 1/10 = 0.10
6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
7 1 1/10 = 0.10
7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
8 1 1/10 = 0.10
Total 10 1.00
Note: Start with the lowest mean

4. Construct a histogram

4/10

3/10

2/10

1/10

0
3.67 5 5.33 5.67 6 6.33 7 7.67 8

Example 2.
Mario Mateo receives 82 or 83 as his grade on his three major subjects. Construct
the sampling distribution of his mean grade.

Solution:
1. List all the possible samples.

82 82

82 83 82
82 82 83
83 83 82
83 83
83
Here, we cannot get the possible samples using the combination; instead,
use the tree diagram.

82, 82, 82 83, 82, 82

82, 82, 83 83, 82, 83
82, 83, 82 83, 83, 82
82, 83, 83 83, 83, 83

There are 8 possible sample means.

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2. Compute the mean of each sample.

Possible Samples Mean

82, 82, 82 82
82, 82, 83 82.33
82, 83, 82 82.33
82, 83, 83 82.67
83, 82, 82 82.33
83, 82, 83 82.67
83, 83, 82 82.67
83, 83, 83 83

3. Construct the sampling distribution

Sample Mean Frequency P(x)

82 1 1/8 = 0.125
82.33 3 3/8 = 0.375
82.67 3 3/8 = 0.375
83 1 1/8 = 0.125
Total 8 1.00

Question:
What is the probability that his mean grade is lower than 83?

Sample Frequency P(x)

Mean
82 1 1/8 =
0.125
82.33 3 3/8 =
0.375
82.67 3 3/8 =
0.375
83 1 1/8 =
0.125
Total 8 1.00

Answer:
P(𝑋 < 83) = 0.125 + 0.375 + 0.375
= 0.875 or 87.5%

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Question:
What is the probability that his mean grade is greater than 82.33?

Sample Frequency P(x)

Mean
82 1 1/8 =
0.125
82.33 3 3/8 =
0.375
82.67 3 3/8 =
0.375
83 1 1/8 =
0.125
Total 8 1.00

Answer:
P(𝑋 > 82.33) = 0.375 + 0.125
= 0.5 or 50%

Question:
What is the probability that his mean grade is 82.67?
Sample Frequency P(x)
Mean
82 1 1/8 =
0.125
82.33 3 3/8 =
0.375
82.67 3 3/8 =
0.375
83 1 1/8 =
0.125
Total 8 1.00

Answer:
P(𝑋 = 82.67) = 0.375 or 37.5%

Question:
What is the probability that his mean grade is between 82.33 and 83?
Sample Frequency P(x)
Mean
82 1 1/8 =
0.125
82.33 3 3/8 =
0.375
82.67 3 3/8 =
0.375
83 1 1/8 =
0.125
Total 8 1.00

Answer:
P(82.33 < 𝑋 < 83) = 0.375 or 37.5%

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1. Let’s Go Deeper

Consider the population consisting of the values (1, 3, 8).

a. List all the possible samples of size 2.
b. Compute the mean of each sample.
c. Identify the probability of each sample.
d. Construct the histogram

A. List all the possible samples and the corresponding mean.

Sample Mean ( 𝑿)

B. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means and identify the probability of each
sample.
Sample Mean Frequency Probability
𝑿 P( 𝑿)

Total = n=9 1.00

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 What I Can Do

The following table gives the monthly salaries (in thousand pesos) of six officers in a
government office. Suppose that random samples of size 4 are taken from this population of
six officers.
Officer Salary
A 8
B 12
C 16
D 20
E 24
F 28

1. How many samples are possible? List them and compute the mean of each sample.
2. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.
3. Construct the histogram of the sampling distribution of the sample means.
4. What is the probability that the mean salary is lower than 17,000 pesos?
5. What is the probability that the mean salary is greater than 19,000 pesos?
6. What is the probability that the mean salary is between 16,000 pesos and 19,000 pesos?

Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer among the choices given
and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, and 5. How many possible samples
of size 3 can be drawn from the given population?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

2. What are the distinguishing features of simple random sampling?

A. Each element in the population has a known and equal probability of selection.
B. Random numbers determine which elements are included in the sample.
C. A sampling frame must be compiled in which each element has a unique
identification number.
D. All of the above.

3. What is the sampling interval when a random group of 40 teachers from a population
of 200 teachers?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

4. Find the sampling interval in a group of 180 workers with a sample of 36 workers.
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

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5. In an organization of 500 employees, the HR team decides on conducting team-
building activities, and they would likely prefer picking chits out of a bowl. In this case,
each of the 500 employees has an equal opportunity of being selected. What type of
random sampling is this?
A. Simple Random Sampling B. Stratified Sampling
C. Systematic Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

6. A researcher intends to collect a sample of 500 people in a population of 5000. She

numbers each population element from 1 to 5000 and will choose every 10th individual
to be a part of the sample. What type of random sampling is this?
A. Simple Random Sampling B. Stratified Sampling
C. Systematic Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

7. Fifty bottles of water were randomly selected from a large collection of bottles in a
company’s warehouse. These fifty bottles are referred to as the .
A. Parameter B. Population
C. Sample D. Interval

8. Fifty bottles of water were randomly selected from a large collection of bottles in a
company’s warehouse. This large collection of bottles is referred to as the .
A. Parameter B. Population
C. Sample D. Interval

9. Which of the following definitions is not correct?

A. A sample is a subset of the population that is used to represent the whole
population.
B. A stratified random sample is a population sample that requires the population
to be divided into strata so that random samples can be taken from each stratum.
C. Strata are smaller groups of the population formed based on the size of the
sample relative to the population.
D. A population consists of all members of a defined group that possess specific
characteristics that you are interested in studying.

10. How many samples are possible if a population consists of five values with a sample
size of 3?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

21