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MIT Lab 02 (CT Scan)

1. The document describes a lab experiment on computed tomography (CT) scanning, including its basic components and working principles. The main parts of a CT scanner are the power supply unit, scanning room, and console room. 2. The scanning room contains the rotating gantry with an X-ray tube that emits rays and detectors that capture the rays after they pass through the patient on the bed. The computer uses these readings to construct cross-sectional images. 3. CT scanning is useful for medical diagnoses and monitoring conditions of organs and body parts. It provides detailed images but also carries radiation risks. The lab aims to demonstrate the basic concepts and components of CT scanning.

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MUHAMMAD ARSLAN
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27 views

MIT Lab 02 (CT Scan)

1. The document describes a lab experiment on computed tomography (CT) scanning, including its basic components and working principles. The main parts of a CT scanner are the power supply unit, scanning room, and console room. 2. The scanning room contains the rotating gantry with an X-ray tube that emits rays and detectors that capture the rays after they pass through the patient on the bed. The computer uses these readings to construct cross-sectional images. 3. CT scanning is useful for medical diagnoses and monitoring conditions of organs and body parts. It provides detailed images but also carries radiation risks. The lab aims to demonstrate the basic concepts and components of CT scanning.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD ARSLAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Biomedical Engineering

BME-417L – Medical Imaging Techniques

Semester: 6th (Spring 2024)


Lab Instructor: Engr. Abdul Hanan Taqi
Session: Spring, 2021

Teaching Assistant: Ms. Sawera Naseer Date:

Lab 02 Demonstration of Computed Tomography and its related


components

Name Reg. No. Marks

2021– BME –
Experiment No. 02
Demonstration of Computed Tomography and its related components

Objective

• To understand the basic concepts of Computed Tomography Scan.


• To know the basic parts of Computed Tomography Scan and how image is generated.
Introduction
Computed tomography is a medical imaging technique used to get the detailed view of the
cross-sectional area of the body or the detailed images of the internal structure quickly and non-
invasively.
It utilizes X-rays to get the detailed images of the body by the bombardment of these rays, three
dimensionally by the Gantry, on the patient lying on the bed.
Working Principle
The Gantry (rotating) consists of the X-ray tube (that emits the rays) present three dimensionally
in it, emits X-rays three dimensionally from every angles, onto the patient lying on the bed moving
towards the Gantry. And the detectors present also in the Gantry along with the X-ray tube, detects
the difference between the X-rays absorbed by the body and the transmitted X-rays.
By combining the X-rays images from the different angles, the detailed information can be obtained.
This allows the visualization of internal body organs, bones, blood vessels and other tissues through
high resolution power of it.
Parts of Machine
There are the following three main parts of Computed Tomography Machine.
1. Power Supply Unit
The power supply unit is basically for providing the power to the scanner components of the
machine. It includes the common electrical components including; transformer, circuit breakers,
and other components for regulating the evenly distributing the power to different parts of the
scanner.
It basically provides the power to the major components of the CT scan machine, needed for
scanning, including:
i. X-ray tube
ii. Detectors
iii. Electronic systems
iv. Motorized components
2. Scanning Room
Scanning room is where the whole process of scanning is going to be held onto the patient for
getting the detailed images of internal organs, bones etc.
The scanning room having the scanner machine or the CT machine, consists of the major parts
discussed below:
2.1. CT Scanner
It is the main part of the overall room or the process, it consists of a rotating Gantry, a large
ringed-shaped structure, which contains the X-ray tube and Detectors on the same line for
emitting X-rays and detecting these rays respectively.
The gantry rotates over the patient lying on the bed to get the detailed images of the body, by
bombarding the X-rays from various angles onto the patient.
2.2. X-ray Tube
It is the most crucial component of the Scanner machine as it emits the X-rays to create the body
image. A narrow X-rays beam are emitted from the X-ray tube are bombarded onto the patient
from the various angles and the detectors present to the opposite side detects the X-rays passed
through the body.
2.3. Detectors
An array of detectors is present on the opposite side of the X-ray tube within the gantry. There
are multiple detectors which detects the amount of the X-rays passed through the body to create
an image. The X-rays are basically converted into the electrical signals which are then processed
by the computer to create the final image.
2.4. Patient Bed
The patient bed is designed so that it can be positioned according to the requirements for the
scan, by moving the bed forward, backward, upward and downward. These movements can be
controlled by the various buttons present on the control panel, present in front of the gantry.
2.5. Radiation Protection
For the purpose of the safety from the harmful X-rays the whole scanning room is shielded or
covered with the Lead (Pb) basically the walls, so that the rays may not harm others.

3. Console Room
It consists of a computer or basically a computer system to operate the CT Scanner. The console
room consists of keyboards, monitors with specific installed imaging software, and other devices
for setting the scanning parameters and to get the clear readable image. The console room is
also used for analysis, reconstruction and storage of the imaging data.
Results

Control Panel

X-ray tube

Detectors
Rotating Gantry

Patient Bed

Figure 2.1: The CT scan machine

Gantry Tilt

Laser
Alignment
Free (manual) Lights
bed
movement

Zero couch
Couch (Bed)
position
in/out

Couch up/down
Couch out/down

Figure 2.2: The control panel of the CT scan


Figure2.4: Computed Tomography of the Human Skull Figure2.3: CT scan of Skull after slicing

Discussion
Uses
CT (Computed Tomography) scans are widely used in medicine for various purposes due to their
ability to provide detailed images of internal structures. It is widely used in:
i. Diagnoses and monitoring of medical conditions and also for the examination of different
body parts including chest, heart, abdomen, pelvis and extremities.
ii. Detects tumor, their size, location and extent of spread as well as for the detection of
cancer and its stage.
iii. It can also be used for the visualization of traumatic injuries like, spinal injury, internal
bleeding and fractures etc.
iv. It provides the detailed imaging of the bones and joints determining whether there is
any fracture, arthritis or any joint disease or not.

Pros and Cons


CT scan has the following major pros:
i. It provides the detailed imaging of bones, tissues, soft tissues.
ii. It also provides rapid, versatile, non-invasive means of medical imaging.
iii. It is a painless method of imaging and readily available in hospitals for imaging purposes.

CT scan has the following major cons:


i. There is a radiation exposure which can cause harmful effects in the body.
ii. CT scans can be expensive, especially for patients in financial burden.
iii. It provides excellent visualization of bones and dense tissues, they may have limited
contrast resolution for distinguishing between soft tissues.
iv. Metal objects, such as implants or jewelry, can interfere with CT imaging and may cause
artifacts or distortions in the images.
Conclusion
CT scan are modern medical imaging techniques providing valuable image of the cross-sectional
area of the body. They offer numerous benefits like, rapid, non-invasive, painless imaging as well as
it can cause harmful effect in body due to radiation exposure.

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